Solid waste management

2017-18
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMEN
T

A PROJECT REPORT ON
“SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT – A CASE STUDY”
In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of DIPLOMA IN CIVIL
ENGINEERING.
Submitted by:
1. PATEL CHIRAG A. 139754306001
2. DUMASIA KUNTAL M. 149750306005
3. PATEL DARSHANKUMAR B. 149750306026
4. PATEL RUSHABHKUMAR R. 149750306039
5. PRAJAPATI NISHANTKUMAR A. 149750306047
6. SARVAIYA NIKUNJ N. 149750306051
7. SHARMA RAJKUMAR S. 149750306052
8. VORA MOHIT V. 149750306058
9. PATEL KEVALKUMAR B. 159758306007

 Waste can be segregated easily.
 collected by the society.
 organic waste can be collected in Green coloured dustbin and the Red one.
 the municipal truck arrives, the collection people comes to know the
segregation and proper action can be taken so that mixing of waste does not
take place.
 Dry waste can be collected separately.

 Minimum odour & more cleanliness during transportation of waste.
 Better health & hygiene conditions of the people.
 Organic waste can be directly dumped / composted / landfill / used for
Power generation etc.
 segregation there will be cleanliness in the surrounding &
in the environment where it is stored.
 Dry waste can further be processed as per the requirements.
 Various alternatives can be designed for disposal.

Collection and Storage :
do's
1. Always collect the waste in covered bins
2. fill the bins up to 3/4th level
3. clean the bins regularly with soap and water
or disinfect the bins regularly.
Right Method

Don'ts
1 never overfill the bins
2 2 never mix infectious and non-
infectious waste in the same
3 never store waste beyond 48 hours
Wrong method

• Transportation:
1. Always or transport the waste in closed container.
2. Use dedicated waste collections bins/trolleys/wheel
barrows for transporting waste.
3 Transport waste through predefined route within the
health care facility.

Don'ts:
1. Never transport the waste in open container or bags it may spill
and lead to spread of infection.
2. Never transport waste through crowded areas.

Treatment and disposal:
Do's:
1. Always remember to disinfect and mutilate the waste before its final disposal.
2. remember the following while treating the waste streams
3. A.anatomical waste to be deep buried lincinerated
4. syrings to be cut (with hub cutters) and chemically disinfected with 1%
bleaching powder solution at source of generation before final disposal into
shapes pit.
5. General waste without any treatment to be sent to municipal dumps for final
disposal.

Don'ts:
1. Never throw infectious waste into general waste without
any pre-treatment and mutilation.

 OVERVIEW OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF NAVSARI :
 First the storage of waste at site near to bandar road’
 The area of site is 8 vigha.
 Comprehensive waste management system to collect around 65 TO 70
TPD of municipal solid waste from city has been designed over the time
and consist of following components:
 The collection of waste is done by mehod of Door To Door.
 Primary collection and transportation of MSW
Transfer station and secondary transportation of MSW
Treatment of MSW
Final disposal of MSW

Solid waste management of Chhapra village:
 Chhapra village is located about 2 TO 4 km. From the Navsari. In
this village, we have studied about solid waste management of this
village which is divided into two parts:
1. Solid waste management
2. Biomedical waste management
Basic info. About village:
o Total population: 13,398
o Male population: 7398
o Female population: 6000
o Male – (94.46 %)
o Female – (89.52 %)

o Main occupation: Farming
o Society - 31
o Numbers of temple: 6
o Sarpanch: Hasumatiben Rakeshbhai Patel
o Number of schools: 1
o Number of hospitals: 1
o Bank- 4
o Number of garden: 1
o Panchayat established - 1960 Years

 procedure of solid waste management of this village :
o Basically there is no proper way of management done by this village.
o The way village doing solid waste management is by following ways:
o Collection
o Direct disposal
 Collection:
o In this village for collection following things are done:
o Door to door:
o About 1 trailers attached to tractors and 5 collection bins are used
o Collection is done l time in 2 days

 Disposal:
o Here there is no proper process of disposal of solid waste
collected but here they dumped these waste on open ground
o The open ground which is allocated for cow feeds is used for
solid waste disposal
o 8 vigha
o For supervision 5 men are provided jobs fro it
o Here for disposal 2 methods are employed there
o Underground disposal
o Surface disposal

Bio- medical waste management in this village:
Here in this village there is a proper management, but due to
village far from the city it becomes little difficult to maintain and
transfer the waste to the treatment plant. Basically presently there
is no way to counter this. Present system of biomedical waste is
done in 4 steps:
 Collection
 Storage
 Treatment
 Transportation
 Disposal

FIELD STUDY OF CHHAPRA VILLAGE :
 Though limited to house hold garbage enervated in Chhapra village near
lunsikui, Navsari .
 The scope of study is applicable to most villages with special hasis on the
solid waste management cycle from collection to ultimate disposal.
 Other area of focus includes the economic value of garbage generated from
house hold in addition to identifying the potential of establishing a plastic
waste collection center.
 We will try to suggest feasible and economical viable solution for solid waste
disposal at Chhapra village in safe manner.
 This report is based on the findings of a case study of Chhapra village
practicing no proper solid waste disposal.
 Initial Data, which includes interviews with residents, photos of waste
disposal, collected in February 2016 hints at potentially hazardous
environmental situation.

adult child biodegradable nonbiodegradable
1 Residential 12 8 nonorganic/organic 4 60 open 1000
methodofwastedisposal avg.weightofwasteperdayperhomein.gmSrNo category
noofmemberinhousehold
typeofofwastegeneratedbyhousehold
%compoitionofwastegeneratedbyhousehold

20Residential 3 2 nonorganic/organic 4 40 open 600

61 Residential 3 2 non organic/ organic 50 40 open 500
62 Residential 5 non organic/ organic 60 30 open 600

INFRASTRUCTURAL SHORTAGE :
 Village neither have proper facility to dispose the waste nor have segregating
facility.
 There are only five rectangular waste bin in village
 Village does not have proper Waste collection system
 Provision stores produce more non-biodegradable waste and do not dispose that
waste in proper way.
 Biodegradable waste is more in the household having no children or less number
of children. degradable waste is more in the household where children are more.

• Waste collection vehicle for Chhapra Village :

Weight Platform
PLINTH STRATCHER

KOMEI MACHINE FOR
SAGGRIGATION OF SOLID WASTE

“Our group Photo” “AT SITE VISIT”

COMPARISION OF TYPICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICIES IN INDIA
(INCOME BASED)
ACTIVITY LOW INCOME MIDDLE INCOME HIGH INCOME
Quantity of
Waste
1,00,000
Tones per year
2,50,000
Tones per year
8,50,000
Tones per year
Composition
Of waste
 Organic :- 41%
 Paper :-5%
 Plastic :-4%
 Glass :-2%
 Metal :-1%
 Other :-47%
 Organic :58%
 Paper :-15%
 Plastic :-11%
 Glass :-2%
 Metal :-3%
 Other :-11%
 Organic :- 28%
 Paper :-36%
 Plastic :-9%
 Glass :-7%
 Metal :-8%
 Other :-12%
Source
reduction
No awareness,
No reduction
Partially
Followed
Aware but
No efforts
Collection  Sporadic
And inefficient.
 Service is limited
To high visibility
Areas.
 Improved services
Increased collection
From residential
Areas.
 Collection rate
Greater than 90%
Compactor trucks and highly
Mechanized vehicles are
used.

Type of waste disposal
1. Recycling  Most recycling is
Through the informal sector
and waste picking.
 Mainly localized
Markets and
Imports of material for
recycling.
 Informal sector still involved.
 Some high technology
sorting and processing
facilities are available.
 Recyclable material
collection services are
available.
 Sorting and processing
facilities are available.

1. composting Rarely undertaken if the
waste has a high
percentage of organic
material.
Large composting plants
are generally
unsuccessful.
Small-scale composting
projects are more
sustainable.
Becoming more popular at
both backyard and large
scale facilities.
Waste has a smaller
portion of compostables
than low and middle
income countries.
1. Incineration Not useable of high capital. Some incinerators
Are used.
Prevalent in areas with high
land costs.
1. Land filling Low technology
Sites, usually open dumping
of waste.
Open dumping is still
Common.
Landfills with a combination
of leak detection.
Leachate collection system

Solid waste management cost:
 In INDIA estimated waste generation is 1,00,000 MT/day
 In INDIA per capita efficiency in bigger sized cities ranges from
0.20 to 0.60 kg.
 Waste collection efficiency in bigger sized cities ranges from 70 to
90% and in small
 Sized towns it is up to 50-60%.
 Local authorized spend less than 5% of their budgt on waste
disposal and maximum
 Coat is incurred on street sweeping and collecting and
transportation of waste.

SOLID WASTE GENERATION RATES:
 Factors influence waste generation rates
1. Socioeconomic activities
2. Geographic locating
3. Standard of living
4. Climates.
 Greater the economic wealth and percentage of population,
greater is the amount of solid waste produced.
 Low income countries have the lowest waste generation
rates.
 Waste generation rate for low income countries increase by
approximately 0.2 kg per day.

 Packaging wastes, such as paper, plastic and glass, will increase as economy
improves.
 For middle income countries increase of about 0.3 kg/C.D is anticipated.
 Low and middle income countries have a high percentage of compostable
organic matter (40 to 85%) in waste generated.
 Overall, waste composition is predicted to become even more varied as the
percentage of compostable matter declines, and packaging waste, especially
paper and plastic, increase.

WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICIES IN RURAL INDIA:
SOLID WASTE GENERATION:
 Different activity may generate waste which may be solid of
liquid.
Generation of solid waste in rural areas is a major problem now
days.
 Generation of solid waste in rural areas ranges between 50
gm/cap/day 250 gm/cap/day as mentioned below:
Rural (peri-urban or urban outgrowth) 150 to 250 gm/cap/day

Desirable collection method:
The following process is desired to be done for solid waste collection in
rural area.
1. Household segregation (organic and inorganic: recyclables/non
recyclables.)
2. Household storage (in plastic containers)
3. Containerized collection (house to house)
4. Transportation (pedal tricycle /handcart/other types)

Collection method actually practiced
SYSTM DESCRIPTION ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Dumping at
Designated
location
Residents and
Other
Generators
Are required
To dump their
Waste at a specified location
or in a
Masonry enclosure.
Low capital costs Loading the waste into trucks is
slow and unhygienic.
Waste is scattered around the
collection point.
Nearby residents
And shopkeepers protest about
the smell and appearance.
Shared
Container
Residents and other
generators
Put their waste inside a
container which is emptied or
removed.
Low
Operating
Costs
Containers are not maintained and
they quickly corrode or damage.
Nearby residents complain about
the smell and appearance.

SOLUTION FOR WASTE DISPOSAL
DISPOSAL METHOD :
After the field study of this village we suggest two methods:
1. Open Dumping
2. Incineration
OPEN DUMPING:
 The refuse collected from the cities and municipal areas are dumping in the low-
lying areas or open tracts of lands, usually by the roadside.
 The cheapest and the oldest easy method of MSW disposal is ‘open dumping’
where the waste is dumped in low-lying areas on the city outskirts and
sometimes levelled by bull-dozer from time to time.

SUGGESTION INFORMATION ABOUT DISPOSAL SITE:
Location of site:
Area of site:
 The waste is untreated, uncovered, and not segregated. In spite of its simplicity in
execution, the financial involvement for this traditional method of waste
management has been quite high particularly for the big method.
 Uncontrolled, open dumps are not a sound practice. Open dumps are
exposed to flies and rodent.
 It also generates foul smell and unsightly appearance. Loose waste is
dispersed by the action of wind.

INCINERATION :-
Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of
solid waste t 1000 C. waste materials are converted in to ash, flue gas &
heat. The ash is mostly formed by the inorganic constituents and gases due
to organic waste.
Collection :-
Collection is done from two sources they are :
 Primary health centre
 Private hospital
 Primary health centre:
 Located in the village. In this hospital there is
basic types of treatment as well as normal
delivery of babies is done.

 Every week about 2-3 kg waste is collect waste.
 In the ratio of 1:1 tempo arrives to collect waste.
 The procedure to collect waste is as some as done in envision
because it is standard given by government board.
Storage :-
 Storage is done in different types of bags as per materials as per standard.
 For treatment of syringes and needles a white jar filled with water and sodium
hypo chloride (2.5%)
Treatment :-
 If tempo doesn’t come due to some reasons here treatment plant has a special type
of pit which is known as deep burial pit.

Transportation:
 The precaution of the transportation of the waste is standard.
 Tempo of bio-care pvt ltd. Comes at centre to collect waste and transfer to
treatment plant located at
Disposal:
 For the disposal of the hazardous bio-medical waste all the treated
waste are disposed at surface .

Village population = 13,398
House in village = 3213
Waste in 1 house is 625 gm/day
So 3213 house waste is
= 3213 625
= 2008,125 gm/day
Classification of waste :-
1. Organic = 72%
2. Other = 7%
3. Paper = 3%
4. Glass = 0%
5. Plastic = 2.55%
6. Ash’ dust = 12%
7. Metals = 1.45%
8. Textiles = 2%

 For Organic waste :-
72% of total waste
So 2008.125 kg ?
= 2008.125 72
100
= 1445.85 kg/day
So that 50% of 1445.85 is
722.93 kg is khatar
= 722.93 7.5
= 5421.97 rupees

 For other waste :-
All waste 7% of other waste
So 2008.125 ?
= 2008.125 7
= 140.57 kg/day
100
 For ash’ dust:-
All waste 12% of ash’ dust
So 2008.125 ?
= 2008.125 12
100
= 204.97 kg/day

 For plastic :-
All waste 2.55% of plastic
So 2008.125 ?
= 2008.125 2.55
100
= 51.20 kg/day
Plastic 1 kg is 10 rupees
So 51.20 10
= 512.07 rupees

 For Textiles :-
All waste 2% of textiles
So 2008.125 ?
= 2008.125 2
100
= 40.16 kg/day
 For Metals :-
All waste 1.45% of metals
So 2008.125 ?
= 2008.125 1.45
100
= 29.12 kg/day
Metals 1 kg is 15 rupees
So 29.12 15
= 436.8 rupees

 For Paper :-
All waste 3% of paper
So 2008.125 ?
= 2008.125 3
100
= 60.24 kg/day
Paper 1 kg is 11 rupees
So 60.25 11
= 662.68 rupees

 Total income per day :-
1. Organic = 5421.97
2. Plastic = 512.07
3. Metals = 436.8
4. Paper = 662.68
=7033.45 rupees/day

10.CONCLUSION:
 Solid waste management is definitely not only a technical challenge but
also a social and community challenge while technology can only suggest
the process of doing something effectively the initiative and efforts of people
both as individual and community are key to success of such solution.
 After in depth study for different solution for effective solid waste
management in any village unconvential solution I.e incinerator and open
dumping were found suitable for rural SWM.
 This project will ensure the proper management of solid waste improvement
in environmental quality and reduction in the risks of health of people and
will promote the development process in the village.

REFRENCES:
http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/waste-management/solid-waste-management-types-sources-effects-
and-metods-of-solid-waste-management/9949/ -->
http://www.almitrapatel.com/supreme.htm
http://www.healthcarewaste.org
Solid and liquid waste management in Rural Area: a technical note report, New Delhi.
R.K Sinha 2005 “Solid waste management in India Book” vedams Books pvt. Ltd., NEW DELHI.
http://www.britannica.com
http://www.tatvaglobal.com
http://www.cyen.org

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