its explain sand mining,quarrying ,changing crop pattern ,food adulteration and how it affect the environment and this each one explain each and every thing about it and the effects and some legislative method to prevent these processes

1. WELCOME

2. ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
A, QURRING
B, SAND MINING
C, FOOD ADULTARATION
D, CHANGING CROPPING PATTERN

3. INTRODUCTION
Environmental education include raising awareness of issue
affecting the environment ,providing tools and knowledge to
address these problems, and foostering involvement in
activities that are designed to tackle environmental matters
and encourage problem solving.so environment education
also disscussed about the cause and consequencess about
quarring,sand mining,food adulteration and changing
cropping patterns.

4. QUARRING
Quarring is the process of removing rock,sand,gravel,or other
minarals from the ground in order touse them to produce materials
for construction or other uses. So,a quarry is any such working on the
surface of the earth where minarals or extracted but quarried arealso
known by other names around the world;surfacesurfacemine
mine,'pit','open pit'or opencast mine.

5. The term 'quarring is often associated
with a place where natural stone is
extracted to produce building stone or
dimension stone and the name is thouht
to be derived from the lattin 'quadraria
'which described such a place

7. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF
QUARRING
Loss of natural landscape and bio- diversity.
Loss of aesthetic value to the local landscape.
Noise pollution
Air and water pollution
Dereliction
Changes to local hydrology(water flow and quality)
Erosion

8. WHAT ARE THE OPTIONS TO REDUCE THESE IMPACTS
A.) Insist on remedial work to reclaim damaged land after
quarring.this might involve filling in holese,levelling spoil
heaps and regrassng.
B.)Insist on sufficient preventative measures to ensure that
the damage is kept to a bare minimum,
Eg:_The water that drains off the spoil heaps and taillings
should not contaminate local streams and rivers.

9. C)Not allow mining in environmetally
sensitive areas.
D)Recycle minarals
E)Extract ores from tailing and soil heaps
using new biological techniques

10. SAND MINING

12. Sand mining is the extraction of
sand,mainly through an in land dunes or
dredged from ocean and river beds.

13. Sand miningis a direct cause of erosion,and impacts the local wild life.
various animals depend on sandy beaches for nesting clutches,and
mining has lead to the near extinction of
gharials(a species of crocodile)in india.
Disturbance of under water and coastal sand causes turbidity in the
water,which is harmful for organisms like coral that need sunlight.It
can also destory fisheries,financially harming their operators.

14. ENVIRONMETAL IMPACTS OF SAND MINING
Degradation of rivers
Bank erosion
Saline -water intrusion from the nearby sea.
mining is compounded by the effect of sea leval rise.
sandmining also affects the adjoining ground water system.
Substantialnegative effects on aquatic life.

15. HOW TO PREVENT SAND MINING
Sand is a minor mineral, as defined under section 3(e) of the mines and
mineral(Development and Regulation)Act,1957(MMDR ACT).section 15 of
theMMDR act empowers state governments to make rules for regulating the
grant of mineral concessions in respect of minor minerals and for purpose
connected therewith.The regulation of grant of mineral concessions for
minor minarals is ,therefor,with in the legislative and administrative domain
of the state governments.under the power granted to them by section 15
of theMMDRACT,State governments have framed their own minor minerals
concesion rules.

16. RULES
It provides for a detailed programme for ensuring that mining
of river sand is done in a sustainable manner.

Grant of environment clearance for minor minerals,including
sand and gravel,for mining lease of area up to 5 hectare will be
done by the district environment impact assessment.Authority
headed by the district collector/District magistrate.

Removal of sand accumulated on the agricultural field after
cessation of flooding will not be considered as mining
operation and its removal and selling can be slowed without
the requirement of environment clearance till it is done only to
the extent of reclaiming the agricultural land.

17. FOOD
ADULTARATION

18. Food adulteration is the process in which the quality of food is
lowers either by the addition of inferior quality material or by
extraction of valuable ingredient.lt not only includes the
intentional addition or substitution of the substance but
biological and chemical contamination during the period of
growth,storage,processing,transport and distribution of the food
products,is also responsible for the lowering or degradation of
the quality of food products.Adultarants are those substance
which are used for making the food products unsafe for human
consumption.

19. A food item is said to be adulterated if;
• A substance which is added is injurious for human
consumption.
•
• . An inferior substance substitute wholly or partly.
•
• . A valuable ingredient has been abstracted from the
food product, wholly or in part.

20. Various types of adulterants found in
the food products are as follows
a. a. Intentional adultarants;like coloring
agents,starch,pepper oil,Injectable dyes and
others.
b.
c. b. Incidental adultarants;like pesticide
residues,larvae in foods,dropping of rodents.
d.
d. c. Metallic contaminants;like
led,arsenic,effluent from chemical industries

21. HARMFUL EFFECTS OF FOOD
ADULTARATION
•A, Leads to chronic health
problems
•
•B, Increases the impurity in
the food
•
•C, Lack of nutritional value

22. PREVENTION OF FOOD ADULTERATION
PROGRAMME IN INDIA
Prevention of food Adulteration Act,1954 was
drafted for this purpose.
The aim of this legidlationis to ensure that
consumers get pure and whole some and also
prevent fraud or deception.
food quality control service,prevention of food
Adulteration programme,The food safety and
standards act 2006 are the main programmes for
preventing food adulteration.

23. CHANGING CROPPING PATTERNSa

24. Traditionally,the increase in food
production has come from putting more
land in cultivation.However,in large
areas of the world,especially in asia,all
the land that can be cultivted
economically is alredy being used.in the
future,most of the additional food
requirments must come from increased
production of land already being
cultivated.

25. GROWING PATTERN
Annual sequence and spatial arrangement of crops in a
given area.
The crop pattern indicates the proportion of area
under different crops at any given time.cultivation
activities are carried out through out the year in india
provided that crop water is used.

26. CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF
CHANGE IN CROPPING PATTERN
• Population growth and change in family structure.
• state intervention through land reforms,acquisition of
land,deforestation,public distribution system.etc.
• modernisation and commercialisation of agriculture.
• Labour market conditions
• Price factors

27. THE IMPACTS OF CHANGES ;
Economic(changes in production,farm
income,employment,women's participation.etc.)
Social and cultural(cultivator-labourrelation,negative
attitude to agriculture,loss of traditional skills, etc.
Environmental(losd of local varities of seeds and brees,and
trees,receding water tables,decrease in bio-diversity,etc.)

28. FACTORS AFFECTING CROPPING
PATTERN
Cropping pattern of any region depends up on many
factors. eg-physical and technical factores.
The physical characteristic as
soil,climate,weather,rain fall etc.ln the dry regions
where the rain fall is santy and where there is high
uncertinity of monsoons.
Economic factors is the most important in
determining the cropping pattern of the
country.price and income maximisation ,farm
size,insurance against risk,availabilty of in puts.
These are important economic factores.

29. CONCLUSION
Quarring,sandmining,food adulteration
and changing cropping patterns are
negatively affect our environment.These
are causes to deforestation,loss of bio-
diversity,forming dangerous diseases.

30. THANK
YOU