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Solar water pump - presentation- Surya InternationalSurya Solar
This document discusses solar pumping solutions for farm irrigation in India. It notes that the Indian government is targeting 100 GW of solar power in the next 6 years and plans to install 100,000 solar pumps this year. Solar pumping can help farmers by providing reliable irrigation, allowing for multiple crops per year. It details the technical aspects and costs of different solar pumping models from 1HP to 5HP that can lift water from depths of up to 50 meters. Solar pumping is more reliable and cost-effective than diesel pumps, with the cost recovered after only 3 additional crops. However, greater promotion and awareness efforts are still needed to increase adoption among farmers in states like Odisha.
This was part our ENGR493 Presentation where we had to do some research for concept and design generation and then possess the knowledge to create a solar powered submersible water pump using a parabolic solar collector, a gamma stirling engine and a pump for irrigation use in Senegal.
This document provides an introduction to solar powered water pumping systems as an alternative to conventional diesel or electric pumps for irrigation. It outlines the key components of a solar water pumping system, including photovoltaic arrays, pump controllers, electric motors and pumps. Solar power provides a regular supply of electricity for irrigation, leading to higher agricultural productivity in a pollution-free manner with less maintenance compared to other pump systems. The objectives and structure of an awareness program on solar water pumping systems for farmers are also summarized.
This slide give brief idea about need of solar resource and its utilization for irrigation in India.its cost effectiveness.Dayton Power have such water pumping solution to serve Indian farmer in best way.
Groundwater Engineering is an international company that specializes in water well engineering, dewatering, and groundwater control. They have evolved to supply and install solar pumping systems for residential or irrigation needs. Solar water pumping systems can provide a reliable and sustainable solution for irrigation, fish pond aeration, poultry heating, livestock watering, or buildings with insufficient water supply if they are located beyond grid access. The technology uses solar panels to pump groundwater or surface water to a reservoir, providing water when there is no sunshine. Security and proper matching of components are important considerations for efficient and reliable long-term system function. Applications include remote villages, schools, hospitals, irrigation, and livestock farming.
Solar-powered Water Pumping and Storage System Wenying Yan
This project combines solar energy and water-saving irrigation technologies to pump and store water from a river or reservoir to irrigate orchards and tea gardens located on a mountain. The system uses a solar panel to power a pump that moves water through a filtering reservoir and pipe to an impounding reservoir located at the top of the mountain. The water is then gravity fed through trickle or spray irrigation systems. An ultrasonic switch and maximum power point tracking support are designed to optimize pumping based on water levels and solar energy availability.
Total market size for Agricultural water pumps is 50 – 60 times larger than the National Solar Mission. Farmers are plagued by lack of Electricity and high Diesel prices. Government is promoting Solar but current Solar PV pumps cost almost 4 Lakh for 2 HP pumps making them too expensive. We are developing a Steam fired pulsometer that can work with Solar as well as burning wood at night. Simple well proven design reduces costs, making the cost comparable to conventional pumps even without subsidies. Please get in touch to learn more about this tremendous opportunity !
Solar water pump - presentation- Surya InternationalSurya Solar
This document discusses solar pumping solutions for farm irrigation in India. It notes that the Indian government is targeting 100 GW of solar power in the next 6 years and plans to install 100,000 solar pumps this year. Solar pumping can help farmers by providing reliable irrigation, allowing for multiple crops per year. It details the technical aspects and costs of different solar pumping models from 1HP to 5HP that can lift water from depths of up to 50 meters. Solar pumping is more reliable and cost-effective than diesel pumps, with the cost recovered after only 3 additional crops. However, greater promotion and awareness efforts are still needed to increase adoption among farmers in states like Odisha.
This was part our ENGR493 Presentation where we had to do some research for concept and design generation and then possess the knowledge to create a solar powered submersible water pump using a parabolic solar collector, a gamma stirling engine and a pump for irrigation use in Senegal.
This document provides an introduction to solar powered water pumping systems as an alternative to conventional diesel or electric pumps for irrigation. It outlines the key components of a solar water pumping system, including photovoltaic arrays, pump controllers, electric motors and pumps. Solar power provides a regular supply of electricity for irrigation, leading to higher agricultural productivity in a pollution-free manner with less maintenance compared to other pump systems. The objectives and structure of an awareness program on solar water pumping systems for farmers are also summarized.
This slide give brief idea about need of solar resource and its utilization for irrigation in India.its cost effectiveness.Dayton Power have such water pumping solution to serve Indian farmer in best way.
Groundwater Engineering is an international company that specializes in water well engineering, dewatering, and groundwater control. They have evolved to supply and install solar pumping systems for residential or irrigation needs. Solar water pumping systems can provide a reliable and sustainable solution for irrigation, fish pond aeration, poultry heating, livestock watering, or buildings with insufficient water supply if they are located beyond grid access. The technology uses solar panels to pump groundwater or surface water to a reservoir, providing water when there is no sunshine. Security and proper matching of components are important considerations for efficient and reliable long-term system function. Applications include remote villages, schools, hospitals, irrigation, and livestock farming.
Solar-powered Water Pumping and Storage System Wenying Yan
This project combines solar energy and water-saving irrigation technologies to pump and store water from a river or reservoir to irrigate orchards and tea gardens located on a mountain. The system uses a solar panel to power a pump that moves water through a filtering reservoir and pipe to an impounding reservoir located at the top of the mountain. The water is then gravity fed through trickle or spray irrigation systems. An ultrasonic switch and maximum power point tracking support are designed to optimize pumping based on water levels and solar energy availability.
Total market size for Agricultural water pumps is 50 – 60 times larger than the National Solar Mission. Farmers are plagued by lack of Electricity and high Diesel prices. Government is promoting Solar but current Solar PV pumps cost almost 4 Lakh for 2 HP pumps making them too expensive. We are developing a Steam fired pulsometer that can work with Solar as well as burning wood at night. Simple well proven design reduces costs, making the cost comparable to conventional pumps even without subsidies. Please get in touch to learn more about this tremendous opportunity !
This document summarizes solar photovoltaic water pumping systems. It describes the key components of solar PV pumping systems including the solar panels, motor, pump, and storage. The main applications are listed as village water supply, livestock watering, and irrigation. Pros and cons are provided for different pump types including submersible pumps, surface pumps, and floating pumps. Guidelines are given for properly sizing a solar pumping system to match the water demand and availability. The performance and efficiency of solar pumping technology is discussed.
This document provides an overview of the Indian agricultural pump industry in 2016. It discusses the background and growth of the industry, current and future production capacities, and the scenario for energy efficient pump sets in India. Some key points include:
- The agricultural pump market in India was valued at Rs. 8600 crore in 2014-15 and is expected to grow 7-8% annually.
- There are over 600 pump manufacturers in India producing different types of pumps.
- The industry faces challenges like unpredictable demand, varying site conditions, and poor pump selection and maintenance by farmers.
- The production capacity for energy efficient agricultural pumps is around 50 lakh sets per year.
- Methodologies are proposed for implementing an
A very good news for the farmers of the India interested in installing solar powered water pumping system to irrigate their farms.
At Claro, we believe that an improvement in water productivity can be done through revitalizing irrigation technology through solar powered water pumps.
a single stage photovoltaic system for a dual-inverter-fed open-end winding i...Yashwanth kumar
This document presents a single-stage photovoltaic system for driving an open-end winding induction motor for pumping applications. The key aspects are:
1) The system uses a dual-inverter to achieve three-level inversion with a low dc bus voltage, reducing the voltage rating requirements.
2) An integrated control strategy achieves maximum power point tracking from the PV panels and V/f motor speed control.
3) Analytical modeling, simulations, and experimental results are presented to validate the performance of the system under different environmental conditions.
Solar Powered Pump For Irrigation System - Summary Laith B.Odeh
1) An irrigation farm in Jordan was evaluated for replacing its grid-powered pumps with a solar photovoltaic system. Calculations determined the optimal sizing of solar panels, inverters, and batteries to meet the farm's pumping load.
2) Both on-grid and off-grid solar systems were designed. The on-grid system was found to have a payback period of 13 years while the off-grid system's payback was 17.2 years.
3) Overall, a solar pumping system could provide long-term savings on electricity costs for irrigation, but high upfront costs and existing electricity subsidies for Jordanian agriculture make it difficult to implement widely.
- Solar powered irrigation systems use photovoltaic (PV) solar panels to generate electricity to power water pumps for irrigation. The electricity is provided without fuel costs and the systems can operate indefinitely as long as there is sunlight.
- The key components are solar panels, a controller, storage tank, and submersible or surface pump. Solar pumps can supply water to remote locations not reachable by power lines and provide a reliable source of power with low maintenance costs compared to diesel pumps.
- Advantages include saving on energy costs, no dependence on electricity grids or rain, and enabling increased crop yields. Disadvantages are higher upfront costs and pumps not operating at night. Larger solar arrays are needed for high power
Small-scale Solar Irrigation Is Now Affordabledemarcojohnf
A breakthrough has been achieved in simple and affordable solar irrigation for farmers in developing countries. This presentation was given at the FAO International Forum on Solar Technologies for Small-scale Agriculture & Water Management, April 2018.
It is a project based on the solar power system. I have worked on this project. If you see this project slide then you will get a short idea about this project. Recently this project is very helpful for farmers. But unfortunately, more farmer in rural area don't know about this system. I think that every agriculturist should spread this system to farmers.
World Bank - Mainstreaming Solar Powered Water PumpingKeith Cobby
A detailed and thorough insight into the world of solar water pumping. Now is the time to harness the energy of the sun for water pumping and distribution.
Solar energy is the most abundant source of energy in the World. Solar Power is not only an answer to today’s energy crisis but also an environmental friendly form of energy. Photovoltaic generation is an efficient approach for using the solar energy. Solar powered irrigation system can be a suitable alternative for farmers in the present state of energy crisis automatic irrigation system using solar power. Around 45% of Bangladesh’s work force is employed in agriculture, which represents an important sector in the country’s economy. Farmers use irrigation pumps to ensure adequate and consistent water supply for their crops but incur substantial costs to purchase diesel fuel. Bangladesh spends $900 million per year for 1 million tons of diesel to power its irrigation systems. Solar-powered pumps are a reliable irrigation alternative for farmers as solar technology helps reduce costs, protect the environment, and lower expensive diesel fuel imports.
The document discusses solar powered water pumping solutions provided by Supreme & Company Pvt. Ltd. It describes how solar energy is used to pump water from sources like wells, rivers, and ponds through pipes to where it is needed. It explains that solar pumping systems are sized based on water requirements and can pump water during the day using solar power and at night using batteries charged during the day. It also notes that solar powered pumps do not produce any air pollution.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Mohamad Aalam Raen presented on a solar powered automated irrigation system. The system uses solar panels to generate electricity and power a submersible pump that pumps water from a bore well to a storage tank. A controller and moisture sensor then automatically regulate the flow of water from the tank to irrigate fields, optimizing water usage. The system aims to provide farmers an alternative energy source for irrigation that is environmentally friendly and reduces their labor needs.
The document describes a solar powered smart irrigation system. It uses sensors to monitor soil moisture and temperature. The sensor data is sent wirelessly to a remote station where it is analyzed to control the amount of water dispensed by solenoid valves. The system aims to minimize water waste by providing only the amount of water needed based on soil conditions. It is currently installed at a university's agricultural research station and can be tailored for different crops. The system was designed by students as a senior capstone project incorporating principles of feedback control and digital communication.
This document discusses Shiv Solar's solar pumping solution for irrigation and drinking water. Key points include:
- Solar pumping systems provide fuel-free, reliable operation from abundant sunlight with low maintenance costs.
- Shiv Solar offers solar pumping systems from 0.5Hp to 25Hp without batteries using inverters and variable frequency drives to ensure continuous operation.
- Systems have maximum power point tracking for fast response, automatic operation, and high conversion efficiency up to 98%.
Solar irrigation system is the green way of energy production,so it is a good option for farmers for irrigation. After the initial cost it will become free of charge to farmers and farmers can install it anywhere.
The document describes a solar powered automatic irrigation system. The system consists of two modules: a solar pumping module and an automatic irrigation module. The solar pumping module includes solar panels that convert solar energy to DC electricity, a charge controller that regulates battery charging, and a battery for energy storage. The automatic irrigation module uses a microcontroller to control a submersible pump based on moisture sensor readings, pumping water from a source to irrigation fields. The system optimizes water usage and provides a clean, sustainable irrigation solution without human intervention.
This document provides an introduction to solar water pumping systems. It describes the typical components, which include solar panels to generate direct current electricity and pumps, either centrifugal or submersible, to pump water. The document outlines the two basic types of systems - battery-based systems, which store solar energy in batteries, and solar direct systems, which pump water directly from solar power without batteries. It provides block diagrams of both types of systems and describes how they work. The document also discusses considerations for installing a solar water pumping system and provides examples of applications.
Solar water pump (swp) in india "Research thesis presentation"kevIN kovaDIA
This document provides a summary and analysis of the market potential for solar water pumping systems in India and conducts a cost-benefit analysis comparing diesel and solar water pumps. It finds that the break-even point for solar pumps compared to diesel pumps ranges from 2 to 10 years depending on the usage scenario. Subsidies can further improve the economics by lowering the break-even point. The document concludes that high fuel costs and difficulties obtaining electricity connections are driving farmers to adopt solar water pumps in India.
This document summarizes solar photovoltaic water pumping systems. It describes the key components of solar PV pumping systems including the solar panels, motor, pump, and storage. The main applications are listed as village water supply, livestock watering, and irrigation. Pros and cons are provided for different pump types including submersible pumps, surface pumps, and floating pumps. Guidelines are given for properly sizing a solar pumping system to match the water demand and availability. The performance and efficiency of solar pumping technology is discussed.
This document provides an overview of the Indian agricultural pump industry in 2016. It discusses the background and growth of the industry, current and future production capacities, and the scenario for energy efficient pump sets in India. Some key points include:
- The agricultural pump market in India was valued at Rs. 8600 crore in 2014-15 and is expected to grow 7-8% annually.
- There are over 600 pump manufacturers in India producing different types of pumps.
- The industry faces challenges like unpredictable demand, varying site conditions, and poor pump selection and maintenance by farmers.
- The production capacity for energy efficient agricultural pumps is around 50 lakh sets per year.
- Methodologies are proposed for implementing an
A very good news for the farmers of the India interested in installing solar powered water pumping system to irrigate their farms.
At Claro, we believe that an improvement in water productivity can be done through revitalizing irrigation technology through solar powered water pumps.
a single stage photovoltaic system for a dual-inverter-fed open-end winding i...Yashwanth kumar
This document presents a single-stage photovoltaic system for driving an open-end winding induction motor for pumping applications. The key aspects are:
1) The system uses a dual-inverter to achieve three-level inversion with a low dc bus voltage, reducing the voltage rating requirements.
2) An integrated control strategy achieves maximum power point tracking from the PV panels and V/f motor speed control.
3) Analytical modeling, simulations, and experimental results are presented to validate the performance of the system under different environmental conditions.
Solar Powered Pump For Irrigation System - Summary Laith B.Odeh
1) An irrigation farm in Jordan was evaluated for replacing its grid-powered pumps with a solar photovoltaic system. Calculations determined the optimal sizing of solar panels, inverters, and batteries to meet the farm's pumping load.
2) Both on-grid and off-grid solar systems were designed. The on-grid system was found to have a payback period of 13 years while the off-grid system's payback was 17.2 years.
3) Overall, a solar pumping system could provide long-term savings on electricity costs for irrigation, but high upfront costs and existing electricity subsidies for Jordanian agriculture make it difficult to implement widely.
- Solar powered irrigation systems use photovoltaic (PV) solar panels to generate electricity to power water pumps for irrigation. The electricity is provided without fuel costs and the systems can operate indefinitely as long as there is sunlight.
- The key components are solar panels, a controller, storage tank, and submersible or surface pump. Solar pumps can supply water to remote locations not reachable by power lines and provide a reliable source of power with low maintenance costs compared to diesel pumps.
- Advantages include saving on energy costs, no dependence on electricity grids or rain, and enabling increased crop yields. Disadvantages are higher upfront costs and pumps not operating at night. Larger solar arrays are needed for high power
Small-scale Solar Irrigation Is Now Affordabledemarcojohnf
A breakthrough has been achieved in simple and affordable solar irrigation for farmers in developing countries. This presentation was given at the FAO International Forum on Solar Technologies for Small-scale Agriculture & Water Management, April 2018.
It is a project based on the solar power system. I have worked on this project. If you see this project slide then you will get a short idea about this project. Recently this project is very helpful for farmers. But unfortunately, more farmer in rural area don't know about this system. I think that every agriculturist should spread this system to farmers.
World Bank - Mainstreaming Solar Powered Water PumpingKeith Cobby
A detailed and thorough insight into the world of solar water pumping. Now is the time to harness the energy of the sun for water pumping and distribution.
Solar energy is the most abundant source of energy in the World. Solar Power is not only an answer to today’s energy crisis but also an environmental friendly form of energy. Photovoltaic generation is an efficient approach for using the solar energy. Solar powered irrigation system can be a suitable alternative for farmers in the present state of energy crisis automatic irrigation system using solar power. Around 45% of Bangladesh’s work force is employed in agriculture, which represents an important sector in the country’s economy. Farmers use irrigation pumps to ensure adequate and consistent water supply for their crops but incur substantial costs to purchase diesel fuel. Bangladesh spends $900 million per year for 1 million tons of diesel to power its irrigation systems. Solar-powered pumps are a reliable irrigation alternative for farmers as solar technology helps reduce costs, protect the environment, and lower expensive diesel fuel imports.
The document discusses solar powered water pumping solutions provided by Supreme & Company Pvt. Ltd. It describes how solar energy is used to pump water from sources like wells, rivers, and ponds through pipes to where it is needed. It explains that solar pumping systems are sized based on water requirements and can pump water during the day using solar power and at night using batteries charged during the day. It also notes that solar powered pumps do not produce any air pollution.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Mohamad Aalam Raen presented on a solar powered automated irrigation system. The system uses solar panels to generate electricity and power a submersible pump that pumps water from a bore well to a storage tank. A controller and moisture sensor then automatically regulate the flow of water from the tank to irrigate fields, optimizing water usage. The system aims to provide farmers an alternative energy source for irrigation that is environmentally friendly and reduces their labor needs.
The document describes a solar powered smart irrigation system. It uses sensors to monitor soil moisture and temperature. The sensor data is sent wirelessly to a remote station where it is analyzed to control the amount of water dispensed by solenoid valves. The system aims to minimize water waste by providing only the amount of water needed based on soil conditions. It is currently installed at a university's agricultural research station and can be tailored for different crops. The system was designed by students as a senior capstone project incorporating principles of feedback control and digital communication.
This document discusses Shiv Solar's solar pumping solution for irrigation and drinking water. Key points include:
- Solar pumping systems provide fuel-free, reliable operation from abundant sunlight with low maintenance costs.
- Shiv Solar offers solar pumping systems from 0.5Hp to 25Hp without batteries using inverters and variable frequency drives to ensure continuous operation.
- Systems have maximum power point tracking for fast response, automatic operation, and high conversion efficiency up to 98%.
Solar irrigation system is the green way of energy production,so it is a good option for farmers for irrigation. After the initial cost it will become free of charge to farmers and farmers can install it anywhere.
The document describes a solar powered automatic irrigation system. The system consists of two modules: a solar pumping module and an automatic irrigation module. The solar pumping module includes solar panels that convert solar energy to DC electricity, a charge controller that regulates battery charging, and a battery for energy storage. The automatic irrigation module uses a microcontroller to control a submersible pump based on moisture sensor readings, pumping water from a source to irrigation fields. The system optimizes water usage and provides a clean, sustainable irrigation solution without human intervention.
This document provides an introduction to solar water pumping systems. It describes the typical components, which include solar panels to generate direct current electricity and pumps, either centrifugal or submersible, to pump water. The document outlines the two basic types of systems - battery-based systems, which store solar energy in batteries, and solar direct systems, which pump water directly from solar power without batteries. It provides block diagrams of both types of systems and describes how they work. The document also discusses considerations for installing a solar water pumping system and provides examples of applications.
Solar water pump (swp) in india "Research thesis presentation"kevIN kovaDIA
This document provides a summary and analysis of the market potential for solar water pumping systems in India and conducts a cost-benefit analysis comparing diesel and solar water pumps. It finds that the break-even point for solar pumps compared to diesel pumps ranges from 2 to 10 years depending on the usage scenario. Subsidies can further improve the economics by lowering the break-even point. The document concludes that high fuel costs and difficulties obtaining electricity connections are driving farmers to adopt solar water pumps in India.
Compost is simply decomposed organic material. The organic material can be plant material or animal matter. While composting may seem mysterious or complicated, it’s really a very simple and natural process that continuously occurs in nature, often without any assistance from mankind. If you’ve ever walked in the woods, you’ve experienced compost in its most natural setting. Both living plants and annual plants that die at the end of the season are consumed by animals of all sizes, from larger mammals, birds, and rodents to worms, insects, and microscopic organisms. The result of this natural cycle is compost, a combination of digested and undigested food that is left on the forest floor to create rich, usually soft, sweet-smelling soil. Backyard composting is the intentional and managed decomposition of organic materials for the production of compost, that magical soil enhancer that is fundamental to good gardening. Anyone can effectively manage the composting process.
Lobel’s Photovoltaic Modules:
High efficiency, Mono or Multi crystalline solar cells with high transmission and textured glass delivering a module series efficiency of up to 14.3%, minimizing installation costs and maximizing the kWh output of your system per unit area.
High quality, low iron, high transitivity, tempered and toughened glass to ensure high light absorption.
For more detail kindly mail us lobelpower@gmail.com
BUS101 Group Report on Business Plan- WALIGaulib Haidar
I6 Incorporation plans to market WALI, a smart water level indicator that will automatically shut off the water supply when tanks are full to prevent waste. The company will have a factory near their business partner Gazi Tank's factory for production. They will market WALI as both a business product to water tank manufacturers and a consumer product. I6 Incorporation holds a patent for WALI and does not currently face competition. They project reaching the break-even point within 1.5 years and expect future profits.
This document discusses India's groundwater and energy nexus and proposes a solution. It notes that groundwater irrigation now supports most of Indian agriculture through millions of private wells, but this has led to depleted aquifers and high electricity subsidies. It proposes a smart solar pump promotion strategy that creates irrigation service providers in eastern India and treats solar power as a cash crop through buyback programs in western India. This strategy would solve problems of high subsidies, unreliable power supply, groundwater depletion incentives, rising diesel costs, and carbon emissions from the current system.
This document provides a compilation of experiences implementing irrigation efficiency programs in India. It discusses the growing dependence on groundwater irrigation, the associated impacts on water availability and energy use. Various state-led programs since the 1980s have aimed to improve pumping efficiency and promote conservation. The report categorizes programs into those focusing on pump-set efficiency upgrades and those promoting efficient water use through micro-irrigation, recharge structures. It aims to derive lessons from past experiences to improve future groundwater management and reduce energy and water stresses.
Rural India, the agricultural heartland of the country, is plagued by a severe electricity deficit. On the other hand, the country receives enough sunlight in a year. To meet all its energy needs. So, it is not surprising those farmers, industrialists and even housing Societies are switching to solar power as an alternate power source. And, Lobel Solar Systems is leading the way towards a reliable, cost-effective pumping solution that works on solar and regular 3 phase power supply- the Shine Power Panel.
Single Panel Dual supply
The Shine Power Panel offers farmers a range of benefits:
Flexibility: Only Standard Power Panel that can operate a pump on both, solar and 3-phase supply.
Compatibility: Compatible with surface and submersible pumps as well as Induction and Permanent Magnet Motors.
Convenience: Switches between Solar power and 3-phase power automatically or manually.
In-built MPPT Great savings
The Lobel Solar Systems Shine Power Panel is the only standard AC Panel that offers an in-built Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT). It has a range of unique features that can help you save.
Maximum power, maximum output: The in-built MPPT helps you extract the maximum available power from the Solar PV, since no extra hardware is required for tracking power Enhanced conversion rate: The conversion from DC input to 3-phase AC takes place even at 300V DC which remains constant irrespective of the drive rating.
Increased efficiency: An internal MPPT does not consume any extra power, thereby enhancing the overall efficiency and providing automatic calibration of the maximum power point.
Tough outside Smart inside
Rugged all-weather casing for greater durability.
Auto-restart facility.
Built-in energy monitoring.
Conformal coating to vital components to protect against harsh environment.
Complete motor protection.
Stores last 10 faults with fault trace for last fault.
Provides information on maintenance and remaining life of components.
Highly-integrated design results in fewer parts and interconnections, reducing the number of failure points.
Plug in cooling fan means easy maintenance.
Dry run protection.
SR868C8-EN-20110303+Ultisolar New Energy Co Ltd Solar Pump Station Solar Water Heater Controller Smart Controller Woolf Zhang Ultisolar@gmail.com.pdf 1346kb.
The document provides information on solar powered water pumps and irrigation systems. It discusses:
- The basic operation of solar pumps, which only operate during daylight hours with variable output depending on sunlight.
- Design considerations for solar irrigation systems including water requirements, common irrigation applications like drip systems, and factors that determine the appropriate pump size like lift, pressure, and water volume needed.
- Examples of sized systems for different irrigation needs like greenhouses, fields, and flood irrigation, pairing the proper solar pump and array size to meet the desired water volume and lift.
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This document discusses synchronous motors and their characteristics. It describes the different types of synchronous motors including 3-phase, 1-phase, reluctance, hysteresis, permanent magnet, and inductor motors. It then discusses their key characteristics such as high operating efficiency, smooth starting and acceleration, versatile power factor control, constant speed, and higher cost compared to induction motors. The document also covers torque-angle characteristics of synchronous motors under no-load and full-load conditions and how damper windings are used to reduce torque fluctuations. It describes methods for starting synchronous motors including using a pony motor or applying a low starting frequency. Finally, it discusses how synchronous motors can be used for power factor correction by varying their excitation.
The document is a proposal from Lobel Solar Power System for a solar water pump. It includes a description of the typical system layout including solar panels, pump controller, electric pump and storage tank. It then provides details on designing the system including assessing water needs, pump head, irradiance levels and choosing appropriate components. A budgetary sheet lists various pump options with specifications and pricing. Payment terms including 50% advance and 40% on equipment receipt are also specified.
The document provides an overview of how an AC motor works by reviewing key concepts such as:
1) An AC motor converts electrical energy from coils into rotational mechanical energy in the rotor through the interaction of rotating magnetic fields in the stator and induced currents in the rotor.
2) The speed of an AC motor can be varied by changing the input frequency, since the number of poles cannot be changed, with motor speed proportional to frequency.
3) Torque output is proportional to current in the motor and voltage applied, with torque decreasing as frequency decreases according to the voltage/frequency relationship.
The eagle has the longest lifespan of its species but must undergo a difficult process of renewal to survive past middle age. As the eagle reaches its 40s, its talons can no longer grab prey and its beak and wings deteriorate, leaving it unable to fly or hunt. To renew itself, the eagle flies to a mountain top and knocks its beak against a rock to remove it before new feathers, talons, and a beak grow, allowing it to fly again after five months and live another 30 years.
The document discusses a code snippet in C that is used to test a candidate's understanding of C programming. The snippet declares and initializes an integer variable and prints its value. A candidate with a basic understanding would note that the code is missing #include <stdio.h> and a return statement. A candidate demonstrating a deeper understanding would provide more details, such as how C allows implicit function declarations that can cause undefined behavior, differences between C and C++ compilers, and standard conformance issues. The document suggests using this snippet to differentiate candidates or engineers based on their depth of knowledge of C.
This document contains 30 multiple choice questions related to electrical machines. The questions cover topics like induction motors, transformers, synchronous machines, and DC machines. They assess understanding of concepts like rotor skewing, double cage motors, star-delta starting, transformer losses, synchronous generator operation, DC motor characteristics, and methods of speed control for induction motors. The questions are from previous years' GATE exams on the electrical engineering topic of electrical machines.
Starters of induction motor and protection equipmentsateesh kumar
This document discusses various electrical machine experiments conducted in an electrical workshop lab, including starting methods, protection, and dismantling/assembling of induction and DC machines. It lists experiments on direct online, forward/reverse, and star-delta starters for induction motors. Other experiments include inching circuits, interlocking groups of drives, and wiring undervoltage relays. Causes of motor failure like overloads and bearing failure are discussed. The document also covers electric shock dangers, precautions in the lab, protection from single phasing and under/over voltage, dielectric testing of transformer oil, and starting methods for slip ring and squirrel cage induction motors.
This project describes integrating wind power into a DC microgrid that stores and transforms power. A microgrid consists of distributed energy sources like wind turbines and solar PV systems connected to electrical loads. The project simulates connecting a wind turbine to an asynchronous machine, rectifier, and DC bus using Simulink. Operational optimization of the microgrid is analyzed to minimize costs and emissions while maintaining supply-demand balance and battery state of charge. Integration of the DC microgrid is proposed and simulation results are presented.
This document describes a master's thesis that examines using fuel cells to power data centers in a sustainable way. The thesis first provides background on fuel cells and their history. It then details the design of a hydrogen fuel cell stack to power a rack of servers in a data center. Finally, it proposes using a zinc oxide/zinc thermochemical cycle to split water and produce hydrogen fuel for the fuel cell stack through a solar thermal process. The goal is to power the data center servers primarily with a sustainable fuel cell system.
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This document is a dissertation submitted by Shailesh Mishra towards the requirements for a Master of Technology degree in Energy Studies from the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi. The dissertation evaluates the techno-economic potential of rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in India. It estimates the rooftop solar PV potential of 21 major Indian cities and extrapolates the results to the national level. The study also estimates the levelized cost of electricity from rooftop PV systems across locations in India using a modeling tool. Finally, it analyzes the financial feasibility of rooftop PV systems and the policy support required for their promotion in different states.
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This document contains the thesis submission of Nishant Gupta for the partial fulfillment of an M.Tech degree in Solar Power Systems. The thesis investigates generation scheduling and dispatch of multi-source power systems incorporating renewable energy sources using hybrid meta-heuristics search algorithms.
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The abstract provides an overview of the research, stating that it aims to develop a robust scheduling approach for generation systems using both conventional and renewable sources like solar and wind. It explains that a hybrid Grey Wolf Optimizer with Random Exploratory Search algorithm will be used to
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This document summarizes a dissertation submitted by four students - Malik Mohammad Nafiur Noor, Pias Saha, Shourav Chandra Saha, and Kawsar Ahmmed - for their Bachelor of Science degree in Mechatronics Engineering from World University of Bangladesh. The dissertation describes the design and construction of a prototype solar-powered metro vehicle. It discusses using solar energy and a solar tracking system to increase the efficiency of solar panels and reduce costs. Experimental results analyzing the performance of the solar tracking system on different days are also presented.
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This document describes a dissertation submitted by four students for their Bachelor's degree in Mechatronics Engineering. The dissertation discusses the design and construction of a solar powered metro vehicle. It includes an abstract, introduction, literature review, methodology, results analysis and discussion, conclusion, and references. The objective was to design and build a prototype solar vehicle using a single-axis solar tracking system with light dependent resistors to detect sunlight and position the solar panel to receive maximum light.
DESIGN, INSTALLATION AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF PHOTO-VOLTAIC PUMPING SYST...Remilekun Akinwonmi
The need for constant renewable supply of electricity to effect the pumping of water at low cost brings about the use of solar energy. The use of photovoltaic pumping system in Funaab community will tackle some of the problems such as the steady increase in the price of fuel and the high maintenance associated with the many systems of pumping water that are currently used including engine powered pump. The objective of this project was Design, Installation and Performance evaluation of photovoltaic pumping system in FUNAAB community.
The water demand for the site was determined, and the daily solar insolation data was obtained using ‘Meteonorm’ software. The Component parameters for the PV pumping system were then designed include the pump flow rate and the hydraulic power, the hydraulic head, power rating of the PV module, orientation and direction of the PV module. Experiments to acquire a relationships between Photo-voltaic pump system outputs and solar-radiation intensity at different times during the day were carried out to determine periods of maximum pumping efficiency.
The maximum discharge logged 0.162m^3/h between 11AM to 2PM at PV power output of 727.5W/m^2 when a 300W solar module was connected to a DC pump discharging at 24.5 m water head. The system operated approximately 8 hours in the month of October. The linear relationships of solar radiation values (W/m2) with both pump discharge (m3/h) and DC motor power consumption (Watt) result showed that y = 0.0002x + 0.0385 and y = 0.0317x + 19.359.
Although the initial cost to set up a PV pumping system is high, but with the little cost of maintenance over the years, it is revealed that PV based water pumping system is suitable and feasible option for domestic use and farm irrigation systems in Funaab community.
An Approach To Sourcing Optimization At A High Volume Soft Drink ManufacturerJames Heller
This document is a thesis submitted by Sandeep Khattar to MIT in 2006. It aims to develop an approach to optimize sourcing decisions at the Pepsi Bottling Group (PBG) by determining the optimal plants to produce each product. PBG operates a large and complex supply chain network in the US and seeks to reduce costs while meeting business constraints. The thesis will develop an optimization model, analyze model outputs, and propose an implementation plan to integrate the optimization tool into PBG's planning processes.
This master's thesis explores optimal control of energy and thermal management systems in fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles (FCHEVs) to minimize hydrogen consumption. A model of an FCHEV powertrain is developed for optimal control using dynamic programming. Control strategies are found that optimally operate the energy and thermal systems during driving missions. The results provide insight into how to control the powertrain to efficiently use hydrogen. It is concluded that integrated energy and thermal strategies can increase fuel efficiency, with the optimal strategy dependent on fuel cell characteristics.
This document provides an introduction to the Advanced Energy Design Guide for K-12 School Buildings published by ASHRAE. It aims to provide voluntary recommendations for achieving 50% energy savings compared to minimum standards. The guide was developed through an integrated design process with input from various stakeholders and was informed by energy modeling analysis of different design strategies. It includes case studies of high-performing school buildings and climate-specific recommendations to help schools lower energy use and promote student and teacher health, comfort, and productivity.
This report analyzes options for a captive power plant in Gujarat, India to sell its surplus power. It studies Gujarat's renewable purchase obligation (RPO) regulations and calculates the RPO and renewable energy certificate (REC) requirements for the plant. It also analyzes the plant's renewable energy potential from solar and wind. Finally, it evaluates selling surplus power through India's power exchanges or via open access to the grid. The report provides a comprehensive overview of India's power sector policies and regulations governing captive power plants and renewable energy to help the plant optimize its power sales.
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High performance heat transfer devices are critical components in hybrid power generation systems. The design of a Recuperator for ‘waste heat recovery’ is crucial for reducing the operating cost of a hybrid system. Plate-fin heat exchangers occupy a special position among high performance heat exchangers because of the compactness, efficiency and flexibility they offer. The performance of these heat exchange devices is typically very sensitive to fluid property variations, axial conduction and heat losses to environment.
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Solar water pump (swp) in India "let's make it in India"
1. “Market Potential for Solar Water Pumping System and Cost Benefit Analysis of Diesel vs. Solar Pump”
Submitted By- Kevin Kovadia (AM0712)
Internal Guide- Dr. Mercy Samuel
External Guide- Mr. Nilesh Arora
MBA in Technology Management, Faculty of Management, CEPT University, Ahmedabad - 380009 www.cept.ac.in June 2014
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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the thesis titled “Market Potential for Solar Water Pumping System and Cost Benefit Analysis of Diesel vs. Solar Pump “has been submitted by Kevin Kovadia towards partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of MBA in Technology Management with specialization in Operations and Project Management. This is a bonafide work of the student and has not been submitted to any other university for award of any Degree/Diploma.
Dr. /Prof. ____________
Chairman/Chairperson,
Dissertation Committee 2012-14
Sign._______________
Internal Guide
Dr. Mercy Samuel,
Associate Professor,
Faculty of Management,
CEPT University
Sign._______________
External Guide
Mr. Nilesh Arora,
Partner,
ADDVALUE Consulting Inc.
www.avci-lean.com
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UNDERTAKING
I, Kevin Kovadia, the author of the thesis titled “Market Potential for Solar Water Pumping System and Cost Benefit Analysis of Diesel vs. Solar Pump”, hereby declare that this is an independent work of mine, carried out towards partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of MBA Degree in Technology Management with specialization in Operations and Project Management at Faculty of Management, CEPT University, Ahmedabad. This work has not been submitted to any other institution for the award of any Degree/Diploma.
June 2014 Name: Kevin Kovadia
Place: Ahmedabad Roll No: AM0712
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Many people have contributed to this research work. First and foremost, I express my sincerest gratitude to my internal guide, Dr. Mercy Samuel, Associate Professor, Faculty of Management, CEPT University. She has provided continuous support to my research work. I sincerely thank her for her patience, motivation, enthusiasm and immense knowledge.
I convey my sincerest gratitude to Professor Mr. Nilesh Arora, Partner - Director, ADDVALUE Consulting Inc. His guidance has helped me in all the time of research and writing of the research report. I could not imagine anyone else as a better advisor and mentor for my research thesis other than him. Furthermore my earnest thanks to Dr. Gayatri Doctor and Prof. Shreekant Iyenger, who shared their knowledge during the entire course.
I convey my special thanks to all the interviewees without whom this research work could not be termed as a research thesis. I also thank the solar water pump manufacturers from whom I got details about farmers using solar water pump. Their patience and valuable time devoted to my research work are highly respected.
I also acknowledge the support & encouragement of my friends and colleagues throughout the course of my work. Last but not the least; I convey my heartfelt thanks to my family for their unwavering support and patience during the course of my thesis work. Lastly, I offer my regards to all of those who supported me in all respect during the completion of my thesis.
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ABBREVIATION
SWP
Solar Water Pump MNRE Ministry of New and Renewable Energy PVP
Photo Voltaic Pump
PV
Photovoltaic AC Alternate Current
DC
Direct Current
JNNSM
Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission
RKVY
Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana
GDP
Gross domestic product GHG
Greenhouse gas JGS
Jyotirgram Scheme
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction.............................................................................................. 10
1.1 Indian Pump Industry Overview ........................................................... 11 1.2 Pump Market in India .......................................................................... 12
1.3 Agriculture in India .............................................................................. 12
1.4 Solar Water Pump .............................................................................. 14 1.5 Why Solar .......................................................................................... 16
1.6 Why SWP? ........................................................................................ 17 1.7 Market Potential ................................................................................. 19
1.8 Cost–benefit analysis (CBA) ................................................................ 19
1.9 Research Objective ............................................................................ 20
2 Literature review ...................................................................................... 21
2.1 Electricity Consumption in Agriculture sector ........................................ 22
2.2 Water Resources in Gujarat ................................................................ 23
2.3 Solar Power as substitute of Diesel ...................................................... 23
2.4 The off-grid system ............................................................................. 26
2.5 Solar Water Pump .............................................................................. 26
2.6 Government Subsidy for Solar Water Pump ......................................... 28
2.7 Market Potential of SWP ..................................................................... 31
3 Research Methodology ............................................................................. 33
3.1 Need of the Study ............................................................................... 34
3.2 Primary Survey................................................................................... 34
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3.3 Limitation of study............................................................................... 34
4 Cost Benefit Analysis of Diesel vs. Solar Water Pump ................................ 35
4.1 Costing Assumptions: ......................................................................... 36
4.2 Scenario 0 ......................................................................................... 37
4.3 Scenario 1 ......................................................................................... 38
4.4 Scenario 2 ......................................................................................... 39
4.5 Scenario 3 ......................................................................................... 40
5 Conclusion............................................................................................... 42
6 Bibliography............................................................................................. 43
7 Appendix ................................................................................................. 46
7.1 List of Solar PV Water Pumping Systems Tested and Qualified at Solar Energy Center during the year 2012-13 ......................................................... 47
7.2 List of Questions and Responses during SWP User Interview................ 51
7.3 List of Images of Site location where Interview conducted of SWP Users during Thesis Research ............................................................................... 56
7.3.1 1st Interview site location ............................................................... 56
7.3.2 2nd Interview site location .............................................................. 57
7.3.3 3rd Interview site location............................................................... 58
7.3.4 4th Interview site location ............................................................... 59
7.3.5 5th Interview site location ............................................................... 60
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Solar, Diesel & Conventional Power Comparison ................................. 17
Figure 2 Conventional vs. Solar Power generation process ............................... 24
Figure 3 Technical Specifications of Solar Submersible DC Pump ..................... 28
Figure 4 Impacts of the “Jyotigram” scheme on different stakeholder groups ...... 29
Figure 5 Breakeven Point in Scenario 0............................................................ 37
Figure 6 Breakeven Point in Scenario 1............................................................ 38
Figure 7 Breakeven Point in Scenario 2............................................................ 39
Figure 8 Breakeven Point in Scenario 3............................................................ 40
Figure 10 Site location of Solar Water Pump User (1) near Hirapur Chokdi ......... 56
Figure 11 Site location of Solar Water Pump User (2) near Hirapur Chokdi ......... 57
Figure 12 Site location of Solar Water Pump User (3) near Hirapur Chokdi ......... 58
Figure 13 Site location of Solar Water Pump User (4) near Palanpur .................. 59
Figure 14 Site location of Solar Water Pump User (5) near Ghamij Village.......... 60
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Pump Market in India Highlights........................................................... 11
Table 2 Challenges and Potential Solutions of Solar water pump ....................... 32
Table 3 5hp Diesel Pump Costing Assumptions ................................................ 36
Table 4 5hp SWP Costing With and Without 30% Subsidy................................. 36
Table 5 5hp Diesel Pump Costing (Scenario 0) ................................................. 37
Table 6 5hp Diesel Pump Costing (Scenario 1) ................................................. 38
Table 7 5hp Diesel Pump Costing (Scenario 2) ................................................. 39
Table 8 5hp Diesel Pump Costing (Scenario 3) ................................................. 40
Table 9 Comparison of break-even point in each scenario of SWP Usage .......... 41
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1.1 Indian Pump Industry Overview A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action. Pump is not a new concept in the Indian industry. In fact, the ‘Pichkari’ which Lord Krishna and his playmates used for splashing coloured water on Gopies, can be termed as the oldest reference to a pump concept, especially of the reciprocating plunger type. Thus, pumps must be an Indian invention, but commercial production of pumps in India, as contemporarily understood, is quoted to be way back in the first decade of twentieth century (Amin).
The Indian Pump industry has more than 800 manufacturers with worker strength of over 40,000 producing about 5 million pumps annually. Indian market for pump is estimated to be Rs.5000 Crores growing at an annual rate of 8% significantly higher than the global rate of 4% in FY 12. The Pumps industry in India is more than seven decades old. Though it has a turnover of Rs 5000 crore the size is not even 10 per cent of the size of USA market. The industry meets 95 per cent of the domestic demand.
Year FY 2012 FY 2013 Estimated Market (in Rs) 5000 Cr 8375 Cr Annual Growth rate 8% 12% No. of Pump Manufacturers 800+ 800+ % of Demand meet by Domestic Manufacturers 95% 95%
Table 1 Pump Market in India Highlights
Source: (Singhi_Advisors, 2011), (TATA , 2013)
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1.2 Pump Market in India Exports have been a regular feature of Indian pump industry for years. Indian pumps have reached more than sixty countries around the world including developed countries. India exported Pump sets worth 400 Crs in FY 11. Indian pump industry is characterized by the coexistence of large number of Small & Medium units, some large manufacturers and plenty of foreign manufacturers.
Coimbatore is the leading hub for pump manufacturing followed by Ahmedabad and Rajkot. India is the outsourcing hub of the manufacturers abroad who have found India to be not only a cheap source of skilled labor but also the market to be an expansive one. Contribution of Agricultural and domestic industry to total pump sales is higher in India compared to global standards. (Singhi_Advisors, 2011)
The following are major player in Indian pump Industry like, KSB, Kirloskar, Texmo, Crompton, CRI, Jyoti, Lubi, Duke Etc.
1.3 Agriculture in India Agriculture is a key sector in India that employs two-thirds of the country’s work force and continues to be a significant contributor to the GDP, 20% in 2005 (MOSPI, 2007b).
Water is becoming increasingly scarce in many parts of the world and thereby limiting agricultural development. The capacity of large countries like India to efficiently develop and manage water resources is likely to be a key determinant for global food security in the 21st century. (K Palanisami, 2011)
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Figure 1 Solar Water Pump (SWP) Block Diagram
Source: Self Compiled
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Since agriculture is the major water-consuming sector in India, demand management in agriculture in water-scarce and water-stressed regions would be central to reduce the aggregate demand for water to match the available future supplies. (K Palanisami, 2011)
It is estimated that 80 per cent of the freshwater in India is used for agriculture and a major portion (70%) of this is based on groundwater irrigation. Nearly 88 per cent of the total minor irrigation schemes in India are pump-based (MoWR, 2013). Though pump sets are important for livelihoods, they also contribute to the GHG emissions since a significant percentage of them rely on diesel.
1.4 Solar Water Pump Solar power operated water pumping system is used pump the water in remote place where the electric power is not available, it is a renewable energy technic where no cost for the electricity, A solar cell, a form of photovoltaic cell, is a device that uses the photoelectric effect to generate electricity from light, thus generating solar power (energy). Most often, many cells are linked together to form a solar panel with increased voltage and/or current. Solar cells produce direct current (DC), which can be used directly, converted in Alternate Current (AC), or stored in a battery.
The first phase of market development for solar PV water pumping in India goes back to 1993-94.The programme of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), then known as Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources, aimed for deployment of 50,000 solar PV water pumping systems for irrigation and drinking water across the country. MNRE provided the financial assistance required for subsidizing the capital and interest cost of the solar pumps. (GIZ, 2013)
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Figure 2 Solar Submersible Pump Diagram
Source: (taiyosolar.in)
Some years ago there were PVP models on the market that operated with batteries and a conventional inverter. However it was soon realised that the cost savings on the pump did not make up for the overall substandard efficiency and the higher maintenance cost due to battery replacements. Instead it became clear that it is more economical to rather store water in a reservoir than electricity in a battery bank. (EmCON, 2006)
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In several villages, the bore wells are now utilized as a dual source and the operational hours have been reduced. Based on a random survey, it has been observed that a significant saving has been achieved in electricity consumption that is now available for alternative uses, proving to be an eco-friendly achievement. Solar pumps have also been commissioned in 260 villages in the State and about 200 more solar pumping systems will be installed in the near future. In various parts of the State, including coastal and tribal areas, roof top rainwater harvesting structures have also been taken up in public buildings, schools and individual household level, which is also resulting in substantial electricity savings. Comprehensive energy audits for various group water supply schemes have also resulted in energy savings. (Gupta, 2011)
1.5 Why Solar In India 80% of the electricity is produced by coal which is a non- renewable source. Electricity whatever produced is very less than the need for electricity. By this many of the companies, industries, organizations, common people are facing severe power cuts. Because of this insufficient power supply for the agriculture sector, output of the crop is reducing every year. This scarcity of the power is creating major problems in small scale industries which logistics are totally depended on power.
Solar power is one of the best nonpolluting energy sources. India being at best geographical location receives nearly 300 to 320 days good sunny days. Among the solar power sources, solar Photovoltaic (PV) is one the matured power systems. If the industry develops and spread the Solar PV power packs to be installed at different places especially on buildings (commercial, public and institutional), industries, and also on various barren lands like hilly slopes, and desert areas. (Somasekhar. G, 2014)
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Figure 1 Solar, Diesel & Conventional Power Comparison Source: Headway Solar (P) Ltd.
1.6 Why SWP?
To grow the product where the grid energy doesn't reach in the hands the PV system plays important role in developing country like India. Another important reason of using PV based pumping systems is: conventional electricity not supplied in sufficient time (6-8 hour supplied to farmers in Rajasthan India), the cost of conventional energy, government subsidy in solar pumping systems and it is difficult to extend the electric grid to every location where it is needed for every farmer. (Shiv Lal, 2013)
0
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2013
2015
2017
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2021
Cost (Rs) (Per KWh)
Solar PV
Conventional Power
Diesel Gen. Set
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Erratic power supply and frequent grid failures are typical in most part of rural India. Farmers have a diesel pump or diesel run generator as an alternative to minimize the risk of crop failure due to discontinued water supply. As an alternative to expensive rural electricity grids and inefficient conversion of fossil fuels, renewable energies can contribute to solving this problem. (Shamaila Zia, 2012)
According to TATA’s Strategic Report on “Indian Pumps and Industrial Valves Market”, Likely scenario of Pumps market over next five years:
1. Minimal technological advancements; low R&D investment
2. Reduction in profit margins due to increasing raw material prices and operation in a price- sensitive market
3. Competition from low-cost Chinese Imports
4. Manufacturers will be expected to provide integrated solution (motors, seals, valves, drivers, after-sales service and technical support)
5. Some degree of consolidation of the market
Source: (TATA , 2013)
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1.7 Market Potential
Market Potential is the estimated maximum total Sales/Revenue of all suppliers of product in market during a certain period. 1 • Estimating Market Potential (MP) = N × P × Q • Estimating Market Potential (MP) of firm A = N × P × Q × MS 2 Where, MP = market potential N = total number of potential consumers P = average selling price Q = average annual consumption MS = market share (%) of consumers buying from firm A
1.8 Cost–benefit analysis (CBA) CBA is a systematic process for calculating and comparing benefits and costs of a project, decision or government policy. It involves comparing the total expected cost of each option against the total expected benefits, to see whether the benefits compensate the costs, and by how much. CBA has two purposes: 1) To determine if it is a sound investment/decision 2) To provide a basis for comparing projects Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) estimates and totals up the equivalent money value of the benefits and costs to the community of projects to establish whether they are worthwhile.3
1 . http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/market-potential.html
2 . http://plantsforhumanhealth.ncsu.edu/extension/marketready/pdfs-ppt/business_development_files/PDF/estimating_market_potential.pdf
3 http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/cba.htm
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1.9 Research Objective
1 The objective of this study is to analyze market potential of solar water pumps.
2 To analyze what is the need of Solar Water Pump.
3 To conduct a comparative cost benefit analysis among Diesel vs. Solar Water Pump.
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2 Literature review
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2.1 Electricity Consumption in Agriculture sector
Gujarat energy minister Saurabh Patel says the government has promised 10 hours of electricity to farmers for agricultural purposes and is delivering on it. However, Praful Senjaliya, a farmer leader in Saurashtra associated with the Bharatiya Kisan Sangh, disagrees. "Farmers have never got 10 hours electricity. As it is, we don't need much power because of drought-like situation. But the main problem is that electricity that is supplied for around five to eight hours is only at night and odd times. We have requested the government often to provide electricity in the day," he says (The Times of India, 2013).
Despite massive public investments in canal irrigation, Gujarat agriculture has come to depend heavily on irrigation with wells and tube wells. During the 1950s and 1960s, farmers used mostly diesel engines to pump groundwater. However, as rural electrification progressed, they began switching to submersible electric pumps, especially as diesel pumps are unable to chase declining water levels. Major expansion in the use of electric pumps occurred during the late 1980s as the Gujarat Electricity Board (GEB) changed to flat tariffs linked to the horse power of pumps. Until 1988, farmers were charged based on the metered use of electricity. However, as electric tube wells increased to hundreds of thousands, rampant corruption began to plague meter reading and billing. Farmers also complained about the tyranny and arbitrariness of the GEB’s meter readers. (Tushaar Shah, pp. 1-18)
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2.2 Water Resources in Gujarat
Gujarat has just 2.28% of India’s water resources and 6.39% of country’s geographical area. This is again constrained by imbalances in intra-state distribution. The State has an average annual rainfall of 80 cm with a high coefficient of variance over time and space and as a result droughts have been frequent. Out of 185 rivers, the State has only eight perennial rivers and all of them are located in southern part. Around 80% of the State’s surface water resources are concentrated in central and southern Gujarat, whereas the remaining three- quarters of the State have only 20%. (Gupta, 2011)
Since 2000, however, all available evidence suggests that the region’s ground water economy has begun shrinking in response to a growing energy squeeze. This energy squeeze is a combined outcome of three factors:
a) Progressive reduction in the quantity and quality of power supplied by power utilities to agriculture as a desperate means to contain farm power subsidies;
b) Growing difficulty and rising capital cost of acquiring new electricity connections for tube wells; and
c) An eight-fold increase in the nominal price of diesel during 1990-2007 (a period during which the nominal rice price rose by less than 50 %).
(Shah T. , 2008)
2.3 Solar Power as substitute of Diesel
A complex set of factors such as global warming, increasing competitive land use, and the growing mismatch between energy demand and supply is creating new challenges for the vast agrarian population in India. Diesel for running irrigation pumps is often beyond the means of economically marginalized farmers.
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Insufficient Irrigation can lead to crop damage, reducing yields and diminishing income. Environment-friendly, low-maintenance photovoltaic pumping systems offer new possibilities for pumping irrigation water. (GIZ, 2013)
Figure 2 Conventional vs. Solar Power generation process
(Image Credit: Sunible.com)
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Solar energy technologies have long been used in the areas of solar heating, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal electricity, and solar architecture. Energy shortages and increasing energy prices are two of the most urgent problems we face today. One desirable solution to the energy shortage problem is renewable energy, and solar energy is one of the cleanest and most efficient energy sources. Solar panels are among the most common methods of harvesting solar energy from solar radiation, which accounts for a large portion of available renewable energy. (Hu, 2012)
According to Mr. Santosh Kamath, Executive Director of KPMG, “Decentralized systems benefit from lower network losses as power does not have to be transported over long distances. These include applications such as solar rooftop systems, solar-powered agriculture pump sets, solar lighting systems and solar- powered telecom towers” (KPMG, 2011).
Several studies have indicated that the capital cost of solar is significantly more expensive than a diesel powered system but this is not the case. Solar pumps tended to replace larger capacity submersible pump and generator of comparable or greater cost. This is a result of a common tendency to oversize generators and pumps, a “bigger is better” mentality which persists not just within communities but also within District Water Offices and agencies who supply the equipment. There are also other capital investment and running costs for generators that are not required for solar. (Brian McSorley, 2011)
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2.4 The off-grid system
An off-grid solar PV power system is the standalone system provides uninterrupted power to the customer when sun is available. Off-grid system requires the battery storage and Inverter to get the AC power. The solar PV power inverter and batteries shall have limited life and supposed to be replaced at fixed intervals say after 10 years.
Advantages:
1. One time truthful Investment
2. Solar power Grid system comes without noise and pollution
3. After payback period owner can enjoy absolutely free of cost
4. For this grid system diesel is not required
(Somasekhar. G, 2014)
2.5 Solar Water Pump
Irrigation water pumping Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) theoretically has an advantage in meeting the needs of remote communities because of the high distribution costs of grid-power to this market and the competitive position with respect to diesel has improved with the recent rising oil prices. A surface pump powered with a 1.8 kWp PV array can deliver about 140,000 liters of water on a clear sunny day from a total head of 10 meters. This quantity of water drawn has been found to meet the irrigation requirement of 5-8 acres of land by using improved techniques for water distribution. (Amit Jain, 2012)
In rural and/or undeveloped areas where there is no power grid and more water is needed than what hand or foot pumps can deliver, the choices for powering pumps are usually solar or a fuel driven engine, usually diesel. There are very distinct differences between the two power sources in terms of cost and reliability.
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Diesel pumps are typically characterized by a lower first cost but a very high operation and maintenance cost. Solar is the opposite, with a higher first cost but very low ongoing operation and maintenance costs. In terms of reliability, it is much easier (and cheaper) to keep a solar-powered system going than it is a diesel engine. This is evident in field where diesel engines lie rusting and unused by the thousands and solar pumps sometimes run for years without anyone touching them. (SELF, 2008)
The solar pump has a unique cost structure with very high capital investment and near-zero marginal cost of pumping. This makes it very similar to electric pump owners who face high flat tariff but unlimited use of power (when available) at zero marginal cost. This cost structure will drive away small farmers who want to irrigate only their own little field; but it is ideal for potential ISPs. A solar-pump driven groundwater economy will also promote competitive groundwater markets with highly beneficial outcomes for water buyers who will gain even more with buried pipeline distribution networks such as those obtaining in central Gujarat (Shah, 1993).
Solar pumps offer a clean and simple alternative to fuel-burning engines and generators for domestic water, livestock and irrigation. They are most effective during dry and sunny seasons. They require no fuel deliveries, and very little maintenance. Solar pumps are powered by photovoltaic (solar electric) panels and the flow rate is determined by the intensity of the sunlight. Solar panels have no moving parts, and most have a warranty of at least 20 years. Most solar pumps operate without the use of storage batteries. Solar pumps must be optimally selected for the task at hand, in order to minimize the power required, and thus the cost of the system. (lorentz, 2008)
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The following figure indicates, Indicative Technical Specifications of Solar Deep well (submersible) Pumping Systems:
(With D.C. Motor Pump Set with Brushes or Brush less D.C. (B.L.D.C.))
Figure 3 Technical Specifications of Solar Submersible DC Pump
Source: (MNRE, 2013, p. 10)
2.6 Government Subsidy for Solar Water Pump
With the launch of the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) in 2010, the solar water pumping programme of the MNRE was integrated with the off-grid and decentralized component of the JNNSM. There under, solar PV water Pumping Systems are currently eligible for a financial support of 30% subsidy,
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subject to a benchmark price of Rs. 190 per peak watt (Wp) from MNRE. Several states such as Rajasthan, Gujarat, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Bihar have taken up initiatives to implement solar PV water pumping programs using the financial assistance of JNNSM and funds available from the respective state governments (GIZ, 2013).
A SPV Pumping System installation program has been taken up by the Horticulture Department of the Government of Rajasthan (GOR). Applicants may avail of an 86% subsidy from the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) and the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY). MNRE is providing 30% subsidy under the JNNSM, while the Government of Rajasthan through the RKVY makes the remaining 56% available. This is a special scheme by GOR. For other states only MNRE is providing 30% subsidy under the JNNSM. Only 7334 solar PV water pumps having been installed across the country, as of March 2010 (Amit Jain, 2012).
The following figure is based on assessment of the impacts of JGS on different stakeholder groups in Gujarat.
Figure 4 Impacts of the “Jyotigram” scheme on different stakeholder groups
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Source: (Tushaar Shah, pp. 327-344)
Solar-powered agriculture pump sets:
Currently, the agriculture category which uses power for irrigation pumps contributes around 20 percent of the total power demand of India. The grid power tariff to agriculture segment is heavily subsidized. The power supply is staggered and the network performance inefficient in most cases.
Moreover, the subsidy burden is increasing due to the increase in conventional power costs thus negatively impacting the financial health of the State and power utilities.
Furthermore, there are a large number of agriculture pump sets that currently use diesel power where there is no grid connection available.
As cost curves come down, solar power is well suited as an alternative solution to meet the power requirements of the agriculture segment. Besides being a clean and convenient source of power, solar power can reduce the subsidy burden on the Government.
To start with diesel, pump sets could be replaced by solar-powered pump sets due to favorable cost economics.
Source: (KPMG, 2011)
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2.7 Market Potential of SWP According to Bloomberg reports, The Indian government is aiming to swap out 26 million fossil-fuel-powered groundwater pumps for solar-powered ones. The pumps are used by farmers throughout the country to pull in water for irrigation, and currently rely on diesel generators or India’s fossil-fuel-reliant electrical grid for power. Pashupathy Gopalan, the regional head of SunEdison, Said that 8 million diesel pumps already in use could be replaced right now. And India’s Ministry of New and Renewable Energy estimates another 700,000 diesel pumps that could be replaced are bought in India every year. Tarun Kapoor, the joint secretary, MNRE said that “Irrigation pumps may be the single largest application for solar in the country” (SPROSS, 2014).
In India nearly 81 million (32.8 per cent) households do not have access to electricity (Census of India, 2011). Around 74 million rural households lack access to modern lighting services (TERI, 2013, p. 380) and a larger proportion of the population (around 840 million) continue to be dependent on traditional biomass energy sources (IEA, Octomber, 2011).
There are about 21 million irrigation pump sets in India, of which about 9 million are run on diesel and the rest are grid based (Amit Jain, 2012).
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Barriers Potential Solutions Market Related Barriers
High Upfront Cost
Smart Subsidies/ Innovative Finance
Lack of Finance Mechanisms
Innovative Customer Behaviour/ Business Finance Mechanisms
Low awareness among Consumers & other relative shareholders
Awareness Campaigns
Lack of Maintenance and Support
Localized Service Infrastructure
Danger of Theft
Portable/ Community Owned Systems, Insurance Regularity Issues
Restricted Financial Engineering
Innovative Policies and Finance Engineering
Maze of Political Department
“Single-Window” Approach
Lack of Market Oriented Policies
Policies Providing a level Playing Field with diesel pumps
Concealed Tendency and Small Landholdings
Tendency Reform, Leasing Mechanisms & Group Investments Technology Related Barriers
Lack of Standardization and Quality Assurance
Standardize product that cater local needs
Lack of Local Manufactures
Promotion of Local Manufacturing
Table 2 Challenges and Potential Solutions of Solar water pump
Source: (GIZ, 2013)
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3 Research Methodology
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3.1 Need of the Study
The water pump industry in India has become too much competitive to sustain and in this scenario one needs to be innovative. And other side there is demand for solar water pump because there are many farmers who do not have access to electricity for farming in India. The point is “Will this new innovation called solar water pump able to fulfill the demand?” During my secondary research I found many reports which show comparison of Diesel VS Solar water pump. When we talk of viability of solar water pump for farmers in Indian context, it makes difference because of Indian geographical conditions, farmers’ mindset, Indian government’s approach towards solar water pump etc. So this issue needs to be discussed with solar water pump users in India and perform cost benefit analysis of diesel vs. solar water pump during my research thesis.
3.2 Primary Survey
To identify what is market potential of solar water pump, a structured interview of farmer was taken. The interview includes questions like - what is capacity of solar water pump, what is process of installing SWP, effectiveness of Government subsidy etc.
This interview details are shown in Appendix 7.2 and 7.3 .
3.3 Limitation of study
Due to time constraint, five structured interviews able to taken of solar water pump users. And this all SWP user belong to north central Gujarat.
Kheda District - 3 Interviews
Gandhinagar District - 1 Interview
Banaskantha District - 1 Interview
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4 Cost Benefit Analysis of Diesel vs. Solar Water Pump
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Particular Scenario 0 Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 No. of Hour Pump Operating/ day
1
2
4
8 No. of Sunny Days/ Year
250
250
250
250 No. of Hour Pump Operating/ Year
250 Hour
500 Hour
1000 Hour
2000 Hour Break Even Point Without Subsidy
10 Year
6 Year
3 Year
2 Year Break Even Point With 30% Subsidy
7 Year
4 Year
2 Year
1 Year
Table 9 Comparison of break-even point in each scenario of SWP Usage
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5 Conclusion
From the cost benefit analysis of diesel vs. solar water pump, Conclusion is that if your daily water usage is ranging from 1-2-4-8 hours than respective break even time period is approximately 10-6-4-2 year for Without subsidy and with 30% Central Government Subsidy it is 7.5 - 4.5 - 2.5 - 1.5 year as shown in Table 9. So, Daily around 8 hour of 5hp solar water pump usage for 250 days per year led to recover cost in 2 year with comparison of 5hp diesel pump. Higher usage of water will reduce break even time period. Now, if your usage is less than 8 hour per day than you can recover SWP cost by other ways. Like selling water to others and use solar panel for getting electricity for home lighting and other home appliances.
During primary research in discussion with solar water pump user, one reason why farmer buy solar water pump. And this reason will not able to found in any kind of secondary research. Normally, Farmer buy solar water pump mainly because of two things. One is unavailability of electricity at farm and increasing price of diesel. The reason is that farmer also buy solar water pump because of land ownership issue. To get electricity connection, farmer need land ownership document and signature of related owners. Normally one can become land owner from his father’s land and father’s land is shared among his children. Now to get signatures of all related owner is difficult. So, in this situation to get electricity connection is difficult. So, farmers prefer to buy solar water pump.
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6 Bibliography
Amin, R. (n.d.). An Overview of Indian Pump Industry. pp. 1-2.
Amit Jain, S. J. (2012). Is Solar a solution to Blackouts in India: A case study with agriculture diesel pumps sets?
Brian McSorley, M. M. (2011). Solar Pumps: A solution to improving water security in drought prone areas. Oxham.
Census of India. (2011). Source of lighting: 2001-2011, Houselisting and Housing Census Data Highlights - 2011. Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India (ORGI), Government of India.
EmCON. (2006). Feasibility Assessment for the Replacement of Diesel Water Pumps with Solar Water Pumps. NAMIBIAN RENEWABLE ENERGY PROGRAMME (NAMREP).
GIZ. (2013). Solar Water Pumping for Irrigation: Potential and Barriers in Bihar, India. Indo-German Energy Programme (IGEN), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH.
Gupta, R. K. (2011). The role of water technology in development: a case study of Gujarat State. (pp. 1-14). Zaragoza, Spain: UN Water.
Hu, B. (2012). Solar Panel Anomaly Detection and Classification. Waterloo: University of Waterloo.
IEA. (Octomber, 2011). energy for all: financing access for the poor. energy for all conference (pp. 19-22). Oslo, Norway: International Energy Agency.
K Palanisami, K. M. (2011). Spread and Economics of Micro-irrigation in India: Evidence from Nine States. REVIEW OF AGRICULTURE, 1-6.
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KPMG. (2011). “The Rising Sun - A Point of View on the Solar Energy Sector in India”. Mumbai: KPMG.
lorentz. (2008). Solar Water Pumps in Namibia: A Comparison Between Solar And Diesel.
MNRE. (2013). Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission - SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC WATER PUMPING SYSTEMS.
Seleshi Bekele Awulachew (IWMI), P. L. (2009). Pumps for small-scale irrigation. IWMI.
SELF. (2008). A COST AND RELIABILITY COMPARISON BETWEEN SOLAR AND DIESEL POWERED PUMPS. Solar Electric Light Fund (SELF).
Shah. (1993). Groundwater markets and irrigation development: Political economy and practical policy. Bombay: Oxford University .
Shah, T. (2008). Crop per Drop of Diesel! Energy-Squeeze on India’s Smallholder Irrigation. Anand, India: International Water Management Institute, .
Shamaila Zia, T. A. (2012). easibility Assessment of photovoltaic pumping for irrigation in West Bengal, India. 1. Institute of Agricultural Engineering (440e) Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany 2. Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India.
Shiv Lal, P. K. (2013). Techno-economic analysis of solar photovoltaic based submersible water pumping system for rural areas of an Indian state Rajasthan . Science Journal of Energy Engineering, 1-4.
Singhi_Advisors. (2011). Pump & Valve Industry – Overview & Opportunities.
Somasekhar. G, B. G. (2014). Marketing Methodology of Solar PV Power Packs. IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF), 38-43.
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SPROSS, J. (2014, February 7). India Wants To Switch 26 Million Water Pumps To Solar Power Instead Of Diesel. Retrieved April 15, 2014, from http://thinkprogress.org: http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2014/02/07/3265631/india-solar-pump- swap/
taiyosolar.in. (n.d.). solarpump. Retrieved may 20, 2014, from taiyosolar: http://taiyosolar.in/solarpump.html
TATA . (2013). Indian Pumps and Industrial Valves Market. TATA Strategic management group.
TERI. (2013). TERI Energy Data Directory & Yearbook (TEDDY) 2012/13. TERI Publication.
The Times of India. (2013, March 4). Power-full’ Gujarat gives 24-hour electricity. Retrieved May 10, 2014, from indiatimes.com: http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Power-full-Gujarat-gives-24-hour- electricity/articleshow/18786012.cms
Tushaar Shah, S. V. (n.d.). Real-time Co-management of Electricity and Groundwater: An Assessment of Gujarat’s Pioneering ‘Jyotirgram’ Scheme. International Water Management Institute, Anand, India.
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7.1 List of Solar PV Water Pumping Systems Tested and Qualified at Solar Energy Center during the year 2012-13 No File No. & Issue Date Pump submitted by Pump system PV array Type & Head 1 0837/11/CSC/ SEC/Pump 27.12.2011 M/s JJPV solar Pvt Ltd., Vill Veraval (Shapar), Dist. Rajkot- 360024, Gujarat (India) M/s Groundfos M/s JJPV solar Pvt. Ltd. Submersible 3HP DC pump, Head 30 meter 2 0861/11/CSC/ SEC/Pump 8.6.2012 M/s JJPV solar Pvt Ltd., Vill Veraval (Shapar), Dist. Rajkot- 360024, Gujarat (India) M/s Rotomag M/s JJPV solar Pvt. Ltd. Centrifugal 2 HP DC surface pump, Head 10 meter 3 43/2012/CSC/ SEC/Pump 8.6.2012 M/s Span pumps Pvt. Ltd., 104,Arihant, 1187/26, Shivaji nagar, Pune-411005, India M/s Groundfos M/s Surana Telecom & Power Ltd, Hyderabad Submersible 0.5 HP DC pump, Head 30 meter 4 44/2012/CSC/ SEC/Pump 8.6.2012 M/s VRG Energy India Pvt. Ltd., 128, Backbone shopping center, Rajkot- 360064, Gujarat, India M/s Groundfos Model: SQF 8A-5 M/s PV Power Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai Submersible DC pump, Head 30 meter 5 93/2012/CSC/ SEC/Pump 8.6.2012 M/s Moserbaer (I) Ltd., 66, Udyog Vihar, Greater Noida, G.B. Nagar (UP)-201306, India M/s Sun Pump, USA M/s Moserbaer (I) Ltd. Submersible DC Pump, Head 30 meter 2 HP 6 95/2012/CSC/ SEC/Pump 15.06.2012 M/s WAREE Energies (P) Ltd., 602, Western Edge-1, Borivali (E), Mumbai-4000066, India M/s Lorentz Pump Model: PS 1800 SJ8-7 M/s WAREE Energies (P) Ltd. Submersible 2HP DC Pump, Head 30 meter 7 115/2012- 13/CSC/SEC/ Pump 11.07.2012 M/s Central Electronics Limited, 4, Industrial area, Sahidabad, Ghajiabad (U.P)- 201010 M/s Lorentz Pump M/s Central Electronics Limited Submersible DC Pump, Head 30 meter 4.6 HP
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8 113/2012- 13/CSC/SEC/ Pump 08.08.2012 M/s BSES Yamuna Power Limited, Shakti Kiran Building, Karkardooma, New Delhi M/s Lorentz Pump Model:PS1800 CSJ5-12 M/s WAREE Energies (P) Ltd. Submersible 2HP DC Pump, Head 30 meter 9 247/2012- 13/CSC/SEC/ Pump 8.11.2012 M/s Jain Irrigation Systems Ltd., Jain Plastic Park, P.O. Box 72, N.H. No. 6, Jalgaon- 425001 M/s Lorentz Pump M/s Jain Irrigation Systems Ltd. Deep well 3HP DC pump , Head 50 meter 10 244/2012- 13/CSC/SEC/ Pump 9/11/2012 M/s Shakti Pumps (India) Ltd., Plot No. 401- 402-413, Sector -3, Pithampur, Dhar-454775, Madhya Pradesh M/s Shakti Pumps (India) Ltd. M/s PV Power Technologies Pvt. Ltd. Submersible 5HP AC deep well mono- block pump, Head 50 meter 11 226/2012- 13/CSC/SEC/ Pump 9/11/2012 M/s HBL Power systems Ltd., Plot No. 263, Patparganj Industrial Area, Delhi- 110092 M/s Kirlosker Brothers Ltd M/s HBL Power systems Ltd. Submersible 3HP AC deep well mono- block pump, Head 50 meter 12 248/2012- 13/CSC/SEC/ Pump 27/11/2012 M/s Topsun Energy Ltd., B-101,GIDC, Electronic Zone, Sector-25, Gandhinagar- 382028, Gujarat, INDIA M/s Mono Pumps Ltd. M/s Topsun Energy Ltd. Centrifugal 3HP DC Submersible Deep Well pump, Head :50 meters 13 243/2012- 13/CSC/SEC/ Pump 29/11/2012 M/s Bright Solar Pvt. Ltd. Plot No. 90,Nathabhai Estate,Near Jashodanagar Cross, Ahmedabad-380026, Gujarat, India M/s Bright Solar Pvt. Ltd. M/s Green Brilliance Energy Pvt. Ltd. 3HP DC Submersible mono-block pump, Head 50 meter 14 249/2012- 13/CSC/SEC/ Pump M/s Duke Plasto Technique Pvt. Ltd. N.H. 14, Deesa Highway, Badarpura Dist: Banaskuntha, Palanpur-385511, North Gujarat, India M/s Duke Plasto Technique Pvt. Ltd. M/sPV Powertech Centrifugal 5HP AC Submersible Deep Well Pump, Head :50 meters,
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15 253/2012- 13/CSC/SEC/ Pump 29/11/2012 M/s Punchline Energy Pvt. Ltd. 328 Phase 2, Udyog, Vihar Gurgaon, Haryana 122016,India M/s Shroffs Engineering Ltd M/s Kotak Urja Private Ltd Submersible Deep well pump, 3HP AC Pump, Head: 50 Meters 16 257/2012- 13/CSC/SEC /Pump 30/11/2012 M/s BSES Yamuna Power Limited Shakti Kiran Building, Karkardooma, New Delhi-110032 M/s Grundfos, Denmark M/s Kotak Urja, Bangalore Centrifugal Submersible 1HP DC pump, Head: 30 Meters 17 115/2012- 13/CSC/SEC/ Pump 24/12/2012 M/s Central Electronics Limited 4, Industrial Area, Sahibabad Ghaziabad (U.P) – 201010 M/s Rotomag M/s Central Electronics Limited Centrifugal 2HP DC Surface mono-block pump, 10 Meters 18 252/2012- 13/CSC/SEC/ Pump 26/12/2012 M/s JJPV Solar Pvt. Ltd. Survey No. 236, Plot No.2, Near Vikas Stove, NH-8 B, Village - Veraval-Shaper, Dist: Rajkot-360024 Gujarat, M/s Shakti Pumps (I) Ltd. M/s JJPV Solar Pvt. Ltd. Submersible 3HP AC Pump, 50 Meters 19 247/2012- 13/CSC/SEC/ Pump 04.02.2013 M/s Jain Irrigation Systems Ltd., Jain Plastic Park, P.O. Box: 72, N. H. No. 6, Jalgaon- 425001 M/s Lorentz Pump M/s Jain Irrigation Systems Ltd. Submersible 2HP DC pump, 50 Meters 20 316/2013/CSC/ SEC/Pump 21.02.2013 M/s Rajasthan Electronics & Instruments Limited, 2, Kanakpura Industrial Area, Jaipur-3 02012, Rajasthan M/s Rotomag M/s Rajasthan Electronics & Instruments Limited Shallow well 3HP DC Pump Head :20 Meters 21 254/2012- 13/CSC/SEC/ Pump M/s Alpex Exports Pvt. Ltd., 81/2, 1st floor, Sri Aurobindo Marg,, Near Hero Honda Showroom, M/s Bright Solar Pvt. Ltd M/s Alpex Exports Pvt. Ltd. Submersible 2HP DC Pump, 30 Meters
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18.02.2013 Adhchini, New Delhi- 110017 22 309/2012- 13/CSC/SEC/ Pump 05.03.2012 M/s Jain Irrigation Systems Ltd., Jain Plastic Park, P.O. Box: 72, N. H. No. 6, Jalgaon- 425001 M/s Lorentz M/s Jain Irrigation Pvt. Ltd. Submersible 3HP DC pump, 20 Meters 23 315/2013/CSC/ SEC/Pump 20.03.2012 M/s BSES Yamuna Power Limited, Shakti Kiran Building, Karkardooma, New Delhi-110032 M/s Grundfos M/s Kotak Urja Pvt. Ltd. Submersible 1 HP DC Deep Well pump , 30 Meters 24 276/2013/CSC/ SEC/Pump 07/03/2013 M/s Waaree Energies Pvt. Ltd. 602, Western edge-1, Western Express Highway, Borivali (E), Mumbai-400066, India M/s Bright Solar Pvt. Ltd. M/s Waaree Energies Pvt. Ltd. Submersible 3HP DC, Deep Well pump , 50 Meters 25 324/2013/CSC/ SEC/Pump 21/03/2013 M/s Bright Solar Pvt. Ltd. Plot No. 90, Nathabhai Estate, Near Jashodanagar Cross, Ahmedabad-380026, Gujarat, India M/s PUMPMAN M/s Waaree Energies Pvt. Ltd. Submersible 5 HP DC Deep Well pump , 50 Meters
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7.2 List of Questions and Responses during SWP User Interview
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7.3 List of Images of Site location where Interview conducted of SWP Users during Thesis Research
7.3.1 1st Interview site location
Figure 9 Site location of Solar Water Pump User (1) near Hirapur Chokdi
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7.3.2 2nd Interview site location
Figure 10 Site location of Solar Water Pump User (2) near Hirapur Chokdi
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7.3.3 3rd Interview site location
Figure 11 Site location of Solar Water Pump User (3) near Hirapur Chokdi
59. CEPT/ MTM/ AM0712/ Kevin Kovadia/ kkovadia@gmail.com
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7.3.4 4th Interview site location
Figure 12 Site location of Solar Water Pump User (4) near Palanpur
60. CEPT/ MTM/ AM0712/ Kevin Kovadia/ kkovadia@gmail.com
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7.3.5 5th Interview site location
Figure 13 Site location of Solar Water Pump User (5) near Ghamij Village
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