solar car

1. CAREER POINTCAREER POINT
UNIVERSITYUNIVERSITY
Submitted By
Mahendra Patel (k10632)
Submitted To
Mr.Amardeep Kumar
PRESENTATION ON –
SOLAR ELECTRICAL VEHICLE

2. AN OVERVIEWAN OVERVIEW
 Powered by sun’s energyPowered by sun’s energy
 Solar array collect the energy from the sun andSolar array collect the energy from the sun and
converts it into usable electrical energyconverts it into usable electrical energy
 Power trackers convert it into the required voltagePower trackers convert it into the required voltage
 Motor controller sends power to the motorMotor controller sends power to the motor
 Divided into fiveDivided into five
•
Driver Controls & Mechanical SystemsDriver Controls & Mechanical Systems
• Electrical SystemElectrical System
• Drive TrainDrive Train
• Solar ArraySolar Array
• Body and ChassisBody and Chassis

3. DRIVER CONTROLS &DRIVER CONTROLS &
MECHANICAL SYSTEMSMECHANICAL SYSTEMS
 Standard featuresStandard features
 SteeringSteering
• Precise steering alignmentPrecise steering alignment
• SUNRUNNER utilized a rack and pinion systemSUNRUNNER utilized a rack and pinion system
that was attached to the steering arms by means ofthat was attached to the steering arms by means of
tie rodstie rods
 BrakeBrake
• Designed to move freely by eliminating brake dragDesigned to move freely by eliminating brake drag
• Hydraulic disc brakesHydraulic disc brakes
• Regenerative brakingRegenerative braking

5.  SuspensionSuspension
• front suspension- MacPhearson struts or double A armsfront suspension- MacPhearson struts or double A arms
• MacPhearson strut requires a large vertical clearanceMacPhearson strut requires a large vertical clearance
• Double A arms require less vertical clearance, butDouble A arms require less vertical clearance, but
consist of more componentsconsist of more components
• rear suspensionrear suspension is a trailing arm, similar to that inis a trailing arm, similar to that in
motor cyclesmotor cycles
 WheelsWheels
• rolling resistancerolling resistance
• three or four wheelsthree or four wheels
• wheel designs are similar to those of bicycle tireswheel designs are similar to those of bicycle tires

6. ELECTRICAL SYSTEMELECTRICAL SYSTEM
 Made up of batteries and power electronicsMade up of batteries and power electronics
 BatteriesBatteries
• Lead-AcidLead-Acid
• Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH)Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH)
• Nickel-Cadmium (NiCad)Nickel-Cadmium (NiCad)
• Lithium IonLithium Ion
• Tesseract uses 512 li-ion batteriesTesseract uses 512 li-ion batteries

7. Energy Flow Diagram of a Solar Car

8.  Peak Power TrackersPeak Power Trackers
• maximize the powermaximize the power
• protect the batteries from being damaged byprotect the batteries from being damaged by
overchargingovercharging
• efficiencies above 95%efficiencies above 95%
 Motor ControllersMotor Controllers
• decides how much current actually reaches the motordecides how much current actually reaches the motor
• up to 90% efficientup to 90% efficient

9. DRIVE TRAINDRIVE TRAIN
 Consist of the electric motor and the means to byConsist of the electric motor and the means to by
which the motor's power is transmitted the wheelwhich the motor's power is transmitted the wheel
 power generated is less than 5 hppower generated is less than 5 hp
 only one wheel in the rear of the car is driven by theonly one wheel in the rear of the car is driven by the
electric motorelectric motor
 motor typesmotor types
• brushed DCbrushed DC
• dual winding DC brushlessdual winding DC brushless
• inductioninduction

10.  Dual-winding DC brushlessDual-winding DC brushless
• used as an electronic transmissionused as an electronic transmission
 Types of transmissionsTypes of transmissions
• variable ratio belt drivevariable ratio belt drive
• hub motorhub motor

11. SOLAR ARRAYSOLAR ARRAY
 made from silicon, bymade from silicon, by
joining an n-type and a p-joining an n-type and a p-
type semiconductortype semiconductor
 grouped into space gradegrouped into space grade
and terrestrial gradeand terrestrial grade
categoriescategories
 EncapsulationEncapsulation
 ArrayArray
 SUNRUNNER'S arraySUNRUNNER'S array
consisted of 14,057 razor-consisted of 14,057 razor-
blade sized, 16% efficientblade sized, 16% efficient
space grade cells.space grade cells.

12. Solar arraySolar array

13. LIMITATIONSLIMITATIONS
• Only 1000 W/m2 of energy reaches the earth’s surfaceOnly 1000 W/m2 of energy reaches the earth’s surface
in an hour of “peak sun”in an hour of “peak sun”
• average solar array configuration spans 8m²average solar array configuration spans 8m²
• total amount of energy hitting the solar car during peaktotal amount of energy hitting the solar car during peak
sun is 8KWh/m²sun is 8KWh/m²
• average solar cells are only able to convert 12% to 18%average solar cells are only able to convert 12% to 18%
to electricityto electricity
• the total amount of converted energy available to a carthe total amount of converted energy available to a car
consists of 700-1500 Wattsconsists of 700-1500 Watts
• three primary areas of energy loss consist ofthree primary areas of energy loss consist of
• aerodynamic drag, braking, and rolling resistanceaerodynamic drag, braking, and rolling resistance

14. BODY & CHASSISBODY & CHASSIS
 goalsgoals
• minimize theminimize the
aerodynamic dragaerodynamic drag
• maximize the exposuremaximize the exposure
to solar insolationto solar insolation
• minimize weightminimize weight
• maximize safetymaximize safety

15.  Body ShapesBody Shapes
• Unified aero body and panelUnified aero body and panel
• Fixed or tilting, flat panels with a separate driver cabFixed or tilting, flat panels with a separate driver cab
• Catamaran shapeCatamaran shape
• uniquely designed shapeuniquely designed shape
 MAIZE & BLUE and SUNRUNNER are catamaranMAIZE & BLUE and SUNRUNNER are catamaran
shaped.shaped.

17.  ChassisChassis
• space framespace frame
• welded tube structure to support the loads and the bodywelded tube structure to support the loads and the body
• body is a lightweight, non-load bearing, composite shellbody is a lightweight, non-load bearing, composite shell
• Semi - monocoque or carbon beamSemi - monocoque or carbon beam
• composite beams and bulkheads to support the loadscomposite beams and bulkheads to support the loads
• integrated into a non-load bearing composite belly panintegrated into a non-load bearing composite belly pan
• monocoquemonocoque
• uses the body structure to support the loadsuses the body structure to support the loads

18. MATERIALS USEDMATERIALS USED
 composite materialcomposite material
 combination of a filler material sandwiched betweencombination of a filler material sandwiched between
layers of a structural materiallayers of a structural material
 structural materialsstructural materials
• Carbon fibre, Kevlar and fibre glassCarbon fibre, Kevlar and fibre glass
 filler materialsfiller materials
• Honeycomb and foamHoneycomb and foam
 bonded together using epoxy resinsbonded together using epoxy resins

19. FALLING SHORTFALLING SHORT
 characteristics that a commercially viable carcharacteristics that a commercially viable car
• extremely reliableextremely reliable
• comfortablecomfortable
• be able to function on its ownbe able to function on its own
• maintain the required speedmaintain the required speed
• amenities such as air conditioning, radio, and power locks andamenities such as air conditioning, radio, and power locks and
windowswindows
 Solar carsSolar cars
• Limited seating capacityLimited seating capacity
• Frequent flat tyresFrequent flat tyres
• Often was incapable of maintaining highway speedsOften was incapable of maintaining highway speeds

20. THE FUTURETHE FUTURE
IN THE SHORT TERMIN THE SHORT TERM
 terrestrial application of the rovers that NASA uses interrestrial application of the rovers that NASA uses in
spacespace
 Data collection in a hot, sun rich areaData collection in a hot, sun rich area
 Carry-over of expertiseCarry-over of expertise
• substantial advances to the design of electric vehiclessubstantial advances to the design of electric vehicles
• better motors, better use of batteries, and better motorbetter motors, better use of batteries, and better motor
controller designcontroller design
 composite hull carcomposite hull car
 spread the word about the use of harnessing solarspread the word about the use of harnessing solar
powerpower

21. IN THE LONG RUNIN THE LONG RUN
 Electric carElectric car
 Increase in petroleum pricesIncrease in petroleum prices
 short distance commutationshort distance commutation
 improvementsimprovements

22. THANK YOUTHANK YOU