solar electric vehicle

1. SOLAR ELECTRICSOLAR ELECTRIC
VEHICLEVEHICLE
MAJOR ASSINGMENT
Submitted to: Mr. Amardeep Kumar
Submitted by: Shahrukh
UID:- K12105

2. AN OVERVIEWAN OVERVIEW
 Powered by sun’s energyPowered by sun’s energy
 Solar array collect the energy from the sun andSolar array collect the energy from the sun and
converts it into usable electrical energyconverts it into usable electrical energy
 Power trackers convert it into the required voltagePower trackers convert it into the required voltage
 Motor controller sends power to the motorMotor controller sends power to the motor
 Divided into fiveDivided into five
•
Driver Controls & Mechanical SystemsDriver Controls & Mechanical Systems
• Electrical SystemElectrical System
• Drive TrainDrive Train
• Solar ArraySolar Array
• Body and ChassisBody and Chassis

3. Borealis III Racing with the Sun
- Photo by Anonymous.

4. DRIVER CONTROLS &DRIVER CONTROLS &
MECHANICAL SYSTEMSMECHANICAL SYSTEMS
 Standard featuresStandard features
 SteeringSteering
• Precise steering alignmentPrecise steering alignment
• SUN RUNNER utilized a rack and pinion systemSUN RUNNER utilized a rack and pinion system
that was attached to the steering arms by means ofthat was attached to the steering arms by means of
tie rodstie rods
 BrakeBrake
• Designed to move freely by eliminating brake dragDesigned to move freely by eliminating brake drag
• Hydraulic disc brakesHydraulic disc brakes
• Regenerative brakingRegenerative braking

5.  SuspensionSuspension
• front suspension- Mac Phearson struts or double A armsfront suspension- Mac Phearson struts or double A arms
• Mac Phearson strut requires a large vertical clearanceMac Phearson strut requires a large vertical clearance
• Double A arms require less vertical clearance, butDouble A arms require less vertical clearance, but
consist of more componentsconsist of more components
• rear suspensionrear suspension is a trailing arm, similar to that inis a trailing arm, similar to that in
motor cyclesmotor cycles
 WheelsWheels
• rolling resistancerolling resistance
• three or four wheelsthree or four wheels
• wheel designs are similar to those of bicycle tireswheel designs are similar to those of bicycle tires

6. ELECTRICAL SYSTEMELECTRICAL SYSTEM
 Made up of batteries and power electronicsMade up of batteries and power electronics
 BatteriesBatteries
• Lead-AcidLead-Acid
• Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH)Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH)
• Nickel-Cadmium (NiCad)Nickel-Cadmium (NiCad)
• Lithium IonLithium Ion
• Tesseract uses 512 li-ion batteriesTesseract uses 512 li-ion batteries

7. Energy Flow Diagram of a Solar Car

8. SOLAR ARRAYSOLAR ARRAY
 made from silicon, bymade from silicon, by
joining an n-type and a p-joining an n-type and a p-
type semiconductortype semiconductor
 grouped into space gradegrouped into space grade
and terrestrial gradeand terrestrial grade
categoriescategories
 EncapsulationEncapsulation
 ArrayArray
 SUNRUNNER'S arraySUNRUNNER'S array
consisted of 14,057 razor-consisted of 14,057 razor-
blade sized, 16% efficientblade sized, 16% efficient
space grade cells.space grade cells.

9. Solar arraySolar array

10. LIMITATIONSLIMITATIONS
• Only 1000 W/m2 of energy reaches the earth’s surfaceOnly 1000 W/m2 of energy reaches the earth’s surface
in an hour of “peak sun”in an hour of “peak sun”
• average solar array configuration spans 8m²average solar array configuration spans 8m²
• total amount of energy hitting the solar car during peaktotal amount of energy hitting the solar car during peak
sun is 8KWh/m²sun is 8KWh/m²
• average solar cells are only able to convert 12% to 18%average solar cells are only able to convert 12% to 18%
to electricityto electricity
• the total amount of converted energy available to a carthe total amount of converted energy available to a car
consists of 700-1500 Wattsconsists of 700-1500 Watts
• three primary areas of energy loss consist ofthree primary areas of energy loss consist of
• aerodynamic drag, braking, and rolling resistanceaerodynamic drag, braking, and rolling resistance

11. BODY & CHASSISBODY & CHASSIS
 goalsgoals
• minimize theminimize the
aerodynamic dragaerodynamic drag
• maximize the exposuremaximize the exposure
to solar insolationto solar insolation
• minimize weightminimize weight
• maximize safetymaximize safety

12.  Body ShapesBody Shapes
• Unified aero body and panelUnified aero body and panel
• Fixed or tilting, flat panels with a separate driver cabFixed or tilting, flat panels with a separate driver cab
• Catamaran shapeCatamaran shape
• uniquely designed shapeuniquely designed shape
 MAIZE & BLUE and SUNRUNNER are catamaranMAIZE & BLUE and SUNRUNNER are catamaran
shaped.shaped.

13. MATERIALS USEDMATERIALS USED
 composite materialcomposite material
 combination of a filler material sandwiched betweencombination of a filler material sandwiched between
layers of a structural materiallayers of a structural material
 structural materialsstructural materials
• Carbon fibre, Kevlar and fibre glassCarbon fibre, Kevlar and fibre glass
 filler materialsfiller materials
• Honeycomb and foamHoneycomb and foam
 bonded together using epoxy resinsbonded together using epoxy resins

14. THE FUTURETHE FUTURE
IN THE SHORT TERMIN THE SHORT TERM
 terrestrial application of the rovers that NASA uses interrestrial application of the rovers that NASA uses in
spacespace
 Data collection in a hot, sun rich areaData collection in a hot, sun rich area
 Carry-over of expertiseCarry-over of expertise
• substantial advances to the design of electric vehiclessubstantial advances to the design of electric vehicles
• better motors, better use of batteries, and better motorbetter motors, better use of batteries, and better motor
controller designcontroller design
 composite hull carcomposite hull car
 spread the word about the use of harnessing solarspread the word about the use of harnessing solar
powerpower

15. THANK YOUTHANK YOU