This document discusses mechanical and chemical soil stabilization. It defines soil stabilization as treating soil to maintain, alter, or improve its performance for road construction. The purposes of soil stabilization include improving strength, reducing costs, making use of local soils, and improving undesirable properties. There are two main components: the soil and stabilizing agents like cement and lime. The stabilization process involves evaluating soil properties, choosing a method, and designing soil mixes. Mechanical stabilization increases stability through blending and compacting soils. Chemical stabilization relies on chemical reactions between stabilizers and soil minerals. Common techniques include soil-lime, soil-cement, and chloride stabilization. The advantages of soil stabilization are improving strength, reducing foundation costs, increasing stability, preventing erosion,

1. Mechanical and Chemical Soil Stabilization
Final Project Presentation
Submitted By:
Ammar Aldabbour - 1810304
Rashed Hijazeen - 1810004
Mohammad Walid - 1810340

2. DEFINITION
• Soil stabilization is a process of treating the soil in such
a manner as to maintain, alter, or improve the
performance of the soil as a road construction
material. The changes in the soil properties are
brought about either by the incorporation of additives
or by the mechanical blending of different soil types.
There are many techniques for soil stabilization,
including compaction, dewatering, and adding
material to the soil.

3. PURPOSE OF SOIL STABILIZATION
I. To improve the strength of sub-bases, bases, and sometimes surface
courses, in case of low-cost roads.
II. To bring about the economy at the cost of the road.
III. To make use of inferior quality of locally available soils/material. ( every
time it is not possible to find required or specified strength in locally
available material at that time we can go for soil stabilization methods).
IV. To improve certain undesirable properties of soils, such as excessive
swelling or shrinkage, high plasticity, difficulty in compacting, etc.
V. To facilitate compaction and increase load-bearing capacity.
VI. To reduce compressibility and thereby settlements.
VII. To improve permeability characteristics.

4. 1. SOIL
COMPONENTS OF
STABILIZATION

5. COMPONENTS OF
STABILIZATION
2. STABILIZING AGENT
A. Cement
B. Lime
C. Fly Ash
D. Blast Furnace Slag

6. STAGES INVOLVED IN SOIL
STABILIZATION PROCESS
I. Evaluating the properties of the given soil.
II. Deciding the lacking property of soil and choose an
effective and economical method of soil stabilization.
III. Designing the Stabilized soil mix for intended stability
and durability values.

7. MECHANICAL
STABILIZATION
• In this technique, the stability of
soil is increased by blending the
available soil with imported soil or
aggregate to obtain a desired
particle-size distribution, and by
compacting the mixture to the
desired density. Compacting a soil
at an appropriate moisture
content is itself a form of
mechanical stabilization.

8. PRINCIPLE OF MECHANICAL STABILIZATION
• Mechanical stabilization is achieved by intelligently blending
locally occurring material to obtain the desired grading.
compaction of soil is also a form of Mechanical stabilization. (It
is well known as a dense, well-graded mass offers high
resistance to lateral displacement under a load).
• If well-graded material is compacted, the densification of the
mass takes place. The mechanical strength of mass is due to
internal friction and cohesion. (internal friction is supplied by
the coarser particles gravels, sand, silts whereas cohesion is
due to the clay friction).

9. APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLE OF
MECHANICAL STABILIZATION
I. Soil-Aggregate mixture.
II. Sand-Clay mixture.
III. Sand-Gravel mixture.
IV.Stabilization of soil with soft aggregate.

10. CHEMICAL
STABILIZATION
• Under this category, soil
stabilization depends mainly on
chemical reactions between
stabilizer (cementitious
material) and soil minerals
(pozzolanic materials) to
achieve the desired effect.

11. DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES OF
SOIL STABILIZATION
I. Soil-Lime mixture.
II. Soil-Cement mixture.
III.Chloride stabilization.

12. ADVANTAGES OF SOIL STABILIZATION
I. It improves the strength of the soil, thus, increasing the soil bearing
capacity.
II. It is more economical both in terms of cost and energy to increase the
bearing capacity of the soil rather than going for a deep foundation or raft
foundation.
III. It is also used to provide more stability to the soil in slopes or other such
places.
IV. Sometimes soil stabilization is also used to prevent soil erosion or formation
of dust, which is very useful especially in dry and arid weather.
V. Stabilization is also done for soil water-proofing; this prevents water from
entering into the soil and hence helps the soil from losing its strength.
VI. It helps in reducing the soil volume change due to a change in temperature
or moisture content.
VII. Stabilization improves the workability and the durability of the soil.

13. THANKS!