This document discusses different methods of soil stabilization. There are five main types discussed: mechanical stabilization, soil cement stabilization, soil lime stabilization, soil bitumen stabilization, and stabilization using geo-textiles. Mechanical stabilization involves mixing different soil types to achieve desired properties. Soil cement stabilization involves mixing soil, cement and water to create a hardened structural material as the cement hydrates. Soil lime stabilization reduces the plasticity of clayey soils by exchanging calcium ions from lime with weaker ions on clay particles. The lime also reacts with clay and silica to form cementitious gels, strengthening the soil over an extended period. Typical lime contents range from 3-10% by weight of dry soil.

1. Soil Stabilisation
Presented by
M.Vijay Bhaskar Reddy
Reg. No: 11610579
Roll No: 1612-A01

2. Definition:
• It is the process of treating a soil
in such a manner as to
maintain ,alter or improve the
performance of the soil as a
constructing material.
• The changes in soil properties
are brought by either mixing
additives or by mechanical
blending.

3. Purpose of soil stabilisation:
• To improve the strength of sub-bases, base and in
case of low cost roads, as a surface courses.
• To make use of locally available soil and other
materials.
• To eliminate or improve certain undesirable
properties.
• To control dust.
• To increase load bearing capacity of soil.
• To reduce compressibility and thereby settlement.

4. Types of soil stabilisation
• Mechanical Stabilization
• Soil Cement Stabilization
• Soil Lime Stabilization
• Soil Bitumen Stabilization
• Stabilization by Geo-textiles

5. Mechanical Stabilization
• Two or more types of soils are mixed to attain a desired
property to suit a particular construction and soils are
grouped into two categories (aggregates and binders).
• Aggregates are sands and gravels and binders are silts
and clays.
BindersAggregates
sand
gravels
silts
clays

6. • When mixed together in a definite proportion, a soil
possessing required internal friction and cohesion is
obtained. When properly placed and compacted, the
material becomes mechanically stable.

7. Soil Cement Stabilization
• In cement stabilization pulverized soils
and cement in suitable proportion are
mixed with water and the resulting
mixture is compacted by compacting
equipment such as rollers.
• When cement hydrates and develops
strength the soil cement becomes a
hard and durable structural material.

8. FactorsaffectingSoilcement
• Type of Soil :Granularmaterialswithsufficientfines.Suchmaterialrequiresless
cementanddeficiencyinfinesrequiremorecementbuttheyarealsofallundersuitable
materials.
• Quality of cement :Thecementrequirementdependsuponthegradationofthesoil.
wellgradedsoilrequiresabout5%cement,whereasapoorlygraded,uniformsoilmay
requireabout9%cement.
• Quantity of water :Waterrequirementshouldbesufficientforcementhydration.
Potablewaterismostdesirable.

9. SoilLimeStabilization
• In lime stabilization the soil is stabilized by adding
lime. By this method clayey soil is stabilized well.
When lime is added to soil, it reacts with the soil
and cat-ions are exchanged in the diffused double
layer.
clay particles are (-eve)and
calcium present in lime (+eve)

10. • FIRST:-Calcium(lime)replacestheweakerionsofsodium,
magnesium,potassiumwhichresultsinformationof positively
chargedcalciumonthesurfaceofclayparticles.Thisinturnreduces
plasticityofsoil.
• SECOND:-Aluminousandsiliceous(clay)reactswithlimein
presenceofwatertoformcementitiousgels,whichincreasesthesoil
strengthfurther.
• Thesepozzolanicreactionsareslowandextendedforlong periodof
time.Theamountoflimerequiredforstabilizationvariesbetween
2to10%.
Lime

11. Quantityoflime
• Shouldbe3to10%byweightofdrysoilisnormallyrequired.
Hydratedlime[Ca(OH)2 ]inpowderedformispreferable
comparedtoQuicklime[CaO]asitdangerfromburnsthatcan
becausedtounprotectedworkmen

12. Properties:
• Reducesplasticity.
• Shrinkageandswellingcanbedecreased.
• Strengthcanbeimproved
• Normalsoilcompressivestrength-0.18to0.7MN/m²,whereas
strengthafter28daysbytreatingwithlime,compressivestrength
0.7to1.7MN/m².