project report on soil
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soil and its type,importance of soil,texture of soil,weathering of soil along with causes,structure of soil,facts about soil, soil pollution and its causes.
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Ix natural resources ppt
The document discusses several key components of Earth's biosphere:
- The biosphere is the region where the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere interact to support life. It contains biotic components like living organisms and abiotic components like air, water, and soil.
- Key biogeochemical cycles include the water, nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen cycles which transfer matter and energy between biotic and abiotic parts of the biosphere.
- The greenhouse effect involves gases like carbon dioxide trapping heat in the lower atmosphere and influencing global temperatures. Depletion of the ozone layer allows more harmful UV radiation to reach the Earth's surface.
Soil Chemical Property and Fertility
This document discusses key chemical properties and factors that influence soil fertility. It defines cation exchange capacity, soil pH, base saturation percentage, plant nutrients, soil salinity, soil sodicity, and calcium carbonate content. Soil fertility refers to a soil's ability to supply nutrients to plants. Common causes of declining soil fertility in Bangladesh include rapid organic matter degradation, intensive cropping, unbalanced fertilizer use, erosion, and low organic matter addition. Proper cultivation, manure application, crop rotation, fertilizers, and lime can help maintain soil fertility.
Conservation of natural resources
1. “What we are doing to the forests of the world is but a mirror reflection of what we are doing to ourselves and to one another.” ― MAHATMA GANDHI ―
2. “Earth provides enough to satisfy every man's needs, but not every man's greed.” ― Mahatma Gandhi
3. The term “resource” means any thing that we use from our environment to achieve our objective. For example, we require bricks, cement, iron, wood etc. to construct a building. All these items are called the resources for construction of building. A resource can be defined as „any natural or artificial substance, energy or organism, which is used by human being for its welfare. These resources are of two types: Natural Resources Artificial Resources
4. “Nature is not a place to visit. It is home.” ― Gary Snyder
5. CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES As the human population is continuously growing the consumption of natural resources is also increasing. With the increasing industrialization and urbanization of the modern human society, the use of all the resources is rising. If they are not properly used and well managed, a serious scarcity will result. Therefore we need to conserve the natural resources. This will also upset the ecological balance. Conservation is the proper management of a natural resource to prevent its exploitation, destruction or degradation. Conservation is the sum total of activities, which can derive benefits from natural resources but at the same time prevent excessive use leading to destruction or degradation.
6. Need for Conservation of Natural Resources We know that nature provides us all our basic needs but we tend to overexploit it. If we go on exploiting the nature, there will be no more resources available in future. There is an urgent need to conserve the nature. Some of the needs are : to maintain ecological balance for supporting life. to preserve different kinds of species (biodiversity). to make the resources available for present and future generation. to ensure the survival of human race.
7. Conservation of Natural Resources and Traditions of India The need for conservation of natural resources was felt by our predecessors and in India, there was a tradition of respecting and preserving the nature and natural resources. Natural resources were conserved in the form of sacred groves/forests, sacred pools and lakes, sacred species etc. In our country the conservation of natural forests is known from the time of Lord Asoka. Sacred forests are forest patches of different dimensions dedicated by the tribal to their deities and ancestral spirits. Cutting down trees, hunting and other human interferences were strictly prohibited in these forests.
8. This practice is wide spread particularly in peninsular, central and eastern India and has resulted in the protection of a large number of plants and animals. Similarly, several water bodies, e.g., Khecheopalri lake in Sikkim was declared sacred by people, thus, protecting aquati
Agricultural Pollution
This document discusses agricultural pollution caused by chemical fertilizers and pesticides. It identifies the main causes of agricultural pollution as pesticides, fertilizers, contaminated water, soil erosion, livestock, and pests/weeds. It explains that fertilizers provide necessary nutrients to soil while pesticides are used to kill pests and weeds, but overuse can degrade soil quality. Specifically, inorganic fertilizers and pesticides can contaminate groundwater, reduce soil fertility over time, and damage habitats. The document provides examples of fertilizer types and outlines some methods for reducing pollution, such as nutrient management and cover crops.
Land pollution
Land pollution is caused by various human activities including mining, industrialization, agriculture, construction, and improper waste disposal. It leads to soil pollution which decreases fertility and contaminates crops, posing health risks. Land pollution also damages the environment through overcrowded landfills, toxic runoff that pollutes water sources, and destruction of natural beauty that impacts tourism. Potential solutions include reducing waste production, increasing recycling and reuse, using biodegradable products, properly managing dedicated dumping grounds, and growing organic gardens without chemicals.
Fertilizers and pesticides
Fertilizers and pesticides are discussed. Fertilizers supply essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to support plant growth. They are produced from minerals or synthetic processes. Common nitrogen fertilizers include ammonia, urea, and sodium nitrate. Phosphate and potassium fertilizers are extracted from minerals. Fertilizer use can impact the environment through water pollution, soil acidification, and greenhouse gas emissions. Proper application and integrated pest management can help minimize these effects. Pesticides are also discussed as substances used to control pests that damage crops or humans.
Soils
The document discusses soils, including what soil is composed of (organic matter, minerals, and weathered rocks) and various methods for conserving soils, such as mulching, contour barriers, terrace farming, and shelter belts. Some threats to soil are identified as soil erosion, deforestation, overgrazing, overuse of fertilizers and pesticides, rain wash, landslides, and floods. Multiple choice questions are included to test comprehension, such as identifying that soil is composed of organic matter, minerals and weathered rocks, that mulching refers to covering bare ground with organic matter, and that shelter belts involve planting rows of trees to check wind movement.
Soil pollution
This document summarizes a presentation on soil pollution given by Dudhe Gaurav ChandraShekhar. It defines soil and pollution, then discusses the major causes of soil pollution including agricultural pesticides, solid waste disposal, mining activities, biological agents, radioactive pollutants, and heavy metals. Specific impacts of these pollutants are outlined such as declining soil fertility from overuse of inorganic nutrients or intensive tillage. Solutions proposed include adopting sustainable organic farming practices, improved industrial and urban waste management, controlled use of toxins, recycling wastes, and safe disposal of biomedical waste. The presentation stresses reducing excess use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
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Ix natural resources ppt
The document discusses several key components of Earth's biosphere:
- The biosphere is the region where the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere interact to support life. It contains biotic components like living organisms and abiotic components like air, water, and soil.
- Key biogeochemical cycles include the water, nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen cycles which transfer matter and energy between biotic and abiotic parts of the biosphere.
- The greenhouse effect involves gases like carbon dioxide trapping heat in the lower atmosphere and influencing global temperatures. Depletion of the ozone layer allows more harmful UV radiation to reach the Earth's surface.
Soil Chemical Property and Fertility
This document discusses key chemical properties and factors that influence soil fertility. It defines cation exchange capacity, soil pH, base saturation percentage, plant nutrients, soil salinity, soil sodicity, and calcium carbonate content. Soil fertility refers to a soil's ability to supply nutrients to plants. Common causes of declining soil fertility in Bangladesh include rapid organic matter degradation, intensive cropping, unbalanced fertilizer use, erosion, and low organic matter addition. Proper cultivation, manure application, crop rotation, fertilizers, and lime can help maintain soil fertility.
Conservation of natural resources
1. “What we are doing to the forests of the world is but a mirror reflection of what we are doing to ourselves and to one another.” ― MAHATMA GANDHI ―
2. “Earth provides enough to satisfy every man's needs, but not every man's greed.” ― Mahatma Gandhi
3. The term “resource” means any thing that we use from our environment to achieve our objective. For example, we require bricks, cement, iron, wood etc. to construct a building. All these items are called the resources for construction of building. A resource can be defined as „any natural or artificial substance, energy or organism, which is used by human being for its welfare. These resources are of two types: Natural Resources Artificial Resources
4. “Nature is not a place to visit. It is home.” ― Gary Snyder
5. CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES As the human population is continuously growing the consumption of natural resources is also increasing. With the increasing industrialization and urbanization of the modern human society, the use of all the resources is rising. If they are not properly used and well managed, a serious scarcity will result. Therefore we need to conserve the natural resources. This will also upset the ecological balance. Conservation is the proper management of a natural resource to prevent its exploitation, destruction or degradation. Conservation is the sum total of activities, which can derive benefits from natural resources but at the same time prevent excessive use leading to destruction or degradation.
6. Need for Conservation of Natural Resources We know that nature provides us all our basic needs but we tend to overexploit it. If we go on exploiting the nature, there will be no more resources available in future. There is an urgent need to conserve the nature. Some of the needs are : to maintain ecological balance for supporting life. to preserve different kinds of species (biodiversity). to make the resources available for present and future generation. to ensure the survival of human race.
7. Conservation of Natural Resources and Traditions of India The need for conservation of natural resources was felt by our predecessors and in India, there was a tradition of respecting and preserving the nature and natural resources. Natural resources were conserved in the form of sacred groves/forests, sacred pools and lakes, sacred species etc. In our country the conservation of natural forests is known from the time of Lord Asoka. Sacred forests are forest patches of different dimensions dedicated by the tribal to their deities and ancestral spirits. Cutting down trees, hunting and other human interferences were strictly prohibited in these forests.
8. This practice is wide spread particularly in peninsular, central and eastern India and has resulted in the protection of a large number of plants and animals. Similarly, several water bodies, e.g., Khecheopalri lake in Sikkim was declared sacred by people, thus, protecting aquati
Agricultural Pollution
This document discusses agricultural pollution caused by chemical fertilizers and pesticides. It identifies the main causes of agricultural pollution as pesticides, fertilizers, contaminated water, soil erosion, livestock, and pests/weeds. It explains that fertilizers provide necessary nutrients to soil while pesticides are used to kill pests and weeds, but overuse can degrade soil quality. Specifically, inorganic fertilizers and pesticides can contaminate groundwater, reduce soil fertility over time, and damage habitats. The document provides examples of fertilizer types and outlines some methods for reducing pollution, such as nutrient management and cover crops.
Land pollution
Land pollution is caused by various human activities including mining, industrialization, agriculture, construction, and improper waste disposal. It leads to soil pollution which decreases fertility and contaminates crops, posing health risks. Land pollution also damages the environment through overcrowded landfills, toxic runoff that pollutes water sources, and destruction of natural beauty that impacts tourism. Potential solutions include reducing waste production, increasing recycling and reuse, using biodegradable products, properly managing dedicated dumping grounds, and growing organic gardens without chemicals.
Fertilizers and pesticides
Fertilizers and pesticides are discussed. Fertilizers supply essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to support plant growth. They are produced from minerals or synthetic processes. Common nitrogen fertilizers include ammonia, urea, and sodium nitrate. Phosphate and potassium fertilizers are extracted from minerals. Fertilizer use can impact the environment through water pollution, soil acidification, and greenhouse gas emissions. Proper application and integrated pest management can help minimize these effects. Pesticides are also discussed as substances used to control pests that damage crops or humans.
Soils
The document discusses soils, including what soil is composed of (organic matter, minerals, and weathered rocks) and various methods for conserving soils, such as mulching, contour barriers, terrace farming, and shelter belts. Some threats to soil are identified as soil erosion, deforestation, overgrazing, overuse of fertilizers and pesticides, rain wash, landslides, and floods. Multiple choice questions are included to test comprehension, such as identifying that soil is composed of organic matter, minerals and weathered rocks, that mulching refers to covering bare ground with organic matter, and that shelter belts involve planting rows of trees to check wind movement.
Soil pollution
This document summarizes a presentation on soil pollution given by Dudhe Gaurav ChandraShekhar. It defines soil and pollution, then discusses the major causes of soil pollution including agricultural pesticides, solid waste disposal, mining activities, biological agents, radioactive pollutants, and heavy metals. Specific impacts of these pollutants are outlined such as declining soil fertility from overuse of inorganic nutrients or intensive tillage. Solutions proposed include adopting sustainable organic farming practices, improved industrial and urban waste management, controlled use of toxins, recycling wastes, and safe disposal of biomedical waste. The presentation stresses reducing excess use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
SOILS OF INDIA
This document discusses soils of India, including their formation, classification, and conservation. It notes that soil forms over millions of years through rock decomposition and is important for agriculture, plant growth, and animal life. Soils in India are classified based on factors like color, composition, and location. The eight main types described are forest soil, alluvial soil, desert soil, black soil, laterite soil, red/yellow soil, peaty soil, and saline soil. The document also covers soil horizons, degradation through erosion, and techniques for conservation like afforestation, terracing, and contour ploughing.
Land resources 4
The document discusses various land resources and issues related to land degradation. It defines land resources as the resources available from land, including agricultural land, underground water, and minerals. Land degradation is described as a process where human activities negatively impact the land. The key causes of land degradation mentioned are soil erosion and landslides. Soil erosion can be caused by water or wind and reduces the ability of the soil to support crop growth. Methods to conserve land resources and prevent degradation include terracing, planting wind breaks, and building sea walls.
Composition of soil and earth crust
This document discusses the composition and properties of soil. It describes soil as having three phases: solid, liquid, and gas. The solid phase contains minerals like quartz and clay minerals. Clay minerals are important due to their large surface area and ability to adsorb ions. The liquid phase is the soil solution and contains dissolved organic and inorganic components. The gas phase in soil contains lower oxygen and higher carbon dioxide than the atmosphere due to plant and microbial respiration. Organic matter in soil originates from plants and microbes and influences soil properties. Phyllosilicate clay minerals are described as having a permanent negative charge that influences cation retention and swelling behavior.
Soil As A Resource
Soil is the top layer of earth's crust consisting of organic and inorganic matter that supports plant growth and living organisms. Soil formation is influenced by factors like relief, parent rock, climate, vegetation, and time. The major soil types in India are alluvial, black, red and yellow, laterite, arid, and forest soils. Alluvial soils are the most widespread and fertile soils, deposited by Himalayan river systems in northern India. Black soils, also known as regur soils, are clay-rich and moisture-retentive, found in the Deccan trap region. Red and yellow soils develop in dry, crystalline rock areas with low rainfall. Laterite soils form in hot,
Types of pollutants
The document discusses different types of pollution including air, water, and soil pollution. It defines pollutants as harmful substances that make environments unfit for living. Specific pollutants are identified such as plastic dumping in oceans, smoke from vehicles and factories, waste from industrial activities, and chemicals from pesticides, batteries, and other sources. The effects of pollutants like grease in water turning it black and dirty are described. Students are given assignments to identify types of pollutants and illustrate different categories through a collage.
Conservation of natural resources.ppt
The document discusses the importance of conserving natural resources like soil, water, biodiversity, and forests. It notes that as population and industrialization increase, consumption of resources is also rising. If not properly managed, this could lead to scarcity. The document then provides details on various methods to conserve each type of resource, like crop rotation and mulching for soil, rainwater harvesting for water, protected areas for biodiversity, and afforestation programs for forests. It also mentions some of the legislation passed in India to promote conservation.
Soil Pollution
Soil Pollution-
Definition of Soil
Soil Pollutants
Sources
Classification
Soil Profile
Adverse Effects of Soil Pollution
OXYGEN CYCLE
Ali Hyder presented on the oxygen cycle to the Microbiology and Biotechnology department. The presentation covered definitions of key terms like biogeochemical cycles and oxygen. It explained that oxygen is produced primarily through photosynthesis by plants and some through interactions with sunlight and water vapor. Oxygen gets used up through respiration by animals and organisms, decomposition of dead matter, rusting of metals, and combustion. The oxygen cycle occurs as plants produce oxygen through photosynthesis during the day, which is then used by organisms for respiration and releases carbon dioxide, which plants then use again at night through photosynthesis, repeating the cycle.
9. Soil science.pptx
Soil is composed of minerals, organic matter, water and air. It supports plant growth by providing structure, water, air, nutrients and regulating temperatures. The three main types of soil are sandy soil, loamy soil, and clay soil. Sandy soil drains well but lacks nutrients, clay soil retains nutrients and water well but drains poorly, and loamy soil has a good balance. Plants require 17 essential nutrients which are classified as macronutrients or micronutrients based on their abundance. Deficiency symptoms vary by nutrient but include stunted growth, leaf discoloration, and reduced yields. Inorganic fertilizers are added to soils to supply nutrients and are classified as straight or complex based on the number of nutrients
Soils
This document provides an overview of soil composition and formation. It states that soil is composed of 5% water, 25% air, 45% mineral matter, and 25% organic material. Soils are formed through weathering of bedrock and incorporation of organic material via plant and animal remains. Soil profiles consist of horizontal layers (horizons) that indicate soil type and development. Key soil characteristics include color, structure, texture, organic content, pH, and water content, which influence a soil's ability to support plant growth.
SOIL POLUTION
Soil pollution is caused by both natural processes and human activities like industrial waste dumping, use of chemicals in agriculture, and waste disposal. It leads to harmful effects like reduced soil fertility, crop yields, and contamination of water sources. The major types of soil pollutants include heavy metals, pesticides, plastics and pathogens. To control soil pollution, methods like reducing chemical use, recycling wastes, reforestation, and treating dumped wastes should be adopted.
Soil as a natural resource
Soil is considered to be the “skin of the earth". Soil is capable of supporting plant life and all life on earth. Soils are complex mixtures of 5 major components. The importance of soils as natural resource are highlighted in this module.
Land and soil Resources
This document discusses land and soil resources. It covers topics such as land degradation, land conservation, types of soil, and soil conservation. Specifically, it notes that 23% of the world's usable land has been degraded through deforestation, overgrazing, and other causes. Proper land use planning and techniques like afforestation, controlling erosion, and regulating chemicals can help conserve land resources for future generations. The document also outlines the different layers that make up soil and the importance of conserving soil to retain its fertility.
"Composting 101" Presentation
This document provides an overview of the benefits of composting and how to set up a compost bin. Composting saves money for homeowners and municipalities by reducing trash costs. It also keeps food waste out of landfills, where it would otherwise release methane, a potent greenhouse gas. The composting process uses microorganisms to break down food scraps and yard waste into a nutrient-rich soil amendment. The document outlines what materials are suitable for composting and how to construct a bin with the proper ratios of greens and browns to support the decomposition process.
Soil and its brief - class 10 geography
This is a presentation on
1 types of soil .
2 soil erosion
3 soil conservation
4 types of soil erosion
5 soil - brief
Soil Notes
Soil is composed of mineral particles, organic matter, water and air. It supports plant growth by providing nutrients and anchoring plants. Soil formation involves weathering of bedrock and develops distinct layers over time. Soil properties like texture, structure, porosity and permeability impact water and nutrient retention. Erosion by water and wind degrades soils and impacts agriculture. Conservation techniques like contour plowing, cover cropping and reduced tillage help mitigate erosion.
Soil forming processes
The Formation of a particular type of soil depends upon the physico-chemical properties of the parent rock, intensity and duration of weathering, climatic and other parameters. This module highlights these aspects for a basic understanding.
CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF SOIL DEGRADATION
Soil degradation is the decline in soil quality from its original fertile state due to improper land use. It is caused by both natural processes and human activities. Key causes of human-induced soil degradation include water and wind erosion, deforestation, overgrazing, mining, urbanization, improper agricultural practices, and industrialization. This leads to issues like soil infertility, loss of arable land, reduced water quality, and negative impacts on biodiversity. Globally, soil degradation affects 1.5 billion people and is responsible for an estimated 84% of land degradation. It threatens food security and livelihoods around the world.
Water Resources (Basic Geography)
Water resources include surface water sources like rivers and lakes as well as groundwater sources located underground. Surface water is replenished by precipitation and flows through river systems, while groundwater is located in aquifers below the water table. People use water resources for household needs, agriculture which accounts for 69% of water usage globally, industry, recreation, and environmental purposes. Water pollution can occur from point sources like waste water treatment plants or nonpoint sources like stormwater runoff, harming water quality.
Physical Properties of Soils
Soils are characterised by several physical properties. The important ones are: (1) Soil separates and texture,
(2) Structure of soil, (3) Weight and soil density, (4) Porosity of soil, (5) Permeability of soil, (6) Soil colour, (7) Temperature of soil, and (8) Soil Plasticity, Compressibility and Erodibility. Some of these are discussed in this module.
BENEFITS OF SOIL ORGANIC MATTER
Organic matter provides numerous chemical, physical, and biological benefits to soil. Chemically, it acts as a reservoir of nutrients, contributes to the soil's cation exchange capacity, and forms chelates that make nutrients more available to plants. Physically, organic matter improves soil structure, increases the soil's water holding capacity, and prevents erosion. Biologically, it supports soil microorganisms that drive nutrient cycling and helps maintain overall soil quality.
IMPORTANCE OF OM.pptx
Organic matter provides numerous chemical, physical, and biological benefits to soil. Chemically, it acts as a reservoir of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, contributes to the soil's cation exchange capacity, and forms chelates that make micronutrients more available to plants. Physically, organic matter improves soil structure, increases the soil's water holding capacity, reduces erosion, and lessens compaction. Biologically, it feeds soil microbes that drive nutrient cycling and supports a diverse array of soil organisms. Organic matter is essential for maintaining healthy, productive soil.
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SOILS OF INDIA
This document discusses soils of India, including their formation, classification, and conservation. It notes that soil forms over millions of years through rock decomposition and is important for agriculture, plant growth, and animal life. Soils in India are classified based on factors like color, composition, and location. The eight main types described are forest soil, alluvial soil, desert soil, black soil, laterite soil, red/yellow soil, peaty soil, and saline soil. The document also covers soil horizons, degradation through erosion, and techniques for conservation like afforestation, terracing, and contour ploughing.
Land resources 4
The document discusses various land resources and issues related to land degradation. It defines land resources as the resources available from land, including agricultural land, underground water, and minerals. Land degradation is described as a process where human activities negatively impact the land. The key causes of land degradation mentioned are soil erosion and landslides. Soil erosion can be caused by water or wind and reduces the ability of the soil to support crop growth. Methods to conserve land resources and prevent degradation include terracing, planting wind breaks, and building sea walls.
Composition of soil and earth crust
This document discusses the composition and properties of soil. It describes soil as having three phases: solid, liquid, and gas. The solid phase contains minerals like quartz and clay minerals. Clay minerals are important due to their large surface area and ability to adsorb ions. The liquid phase is the soil solution and contains dissolved organic and inorganic components. The gas phase in soil contains lower oxygen and higher carbon dioxide than the atmosphere due to plant and microbial respiration. Organic matter in soil originates from plants and microbes and influences soil properties. Phyllosilicate clay minerals are described as having a permanent negative charge that influences cation retention and swelling behavior.
Soil As A Resource
Soil is the top layer of earth's crust consisting of organic and inorganic matter that supports plant growth and living organisms. Soil formation is influenced by factors like relief, parent rock, climate, vegetation, and time. The major soil types in India are alluvial, black, red and yellow, laterite, arid, and forest soils. Alluvial soils are the most widespread and fertile soils, deposited by Himalayan river systems in northern India. Black soils, also known as regur soils, are clay-rich and moisture-retentive, found in the Deccan trap region. Red and yellow soils develop in dry, crystalline rock areas with low rainfall. Laterite soils form in hot,
Types of pollutants
The document discusses different types of pollution including air, water, and soil pollution. It defines pollutants as harmful substances that make environments unfit for living. Specific pollutants are identified such as plastic dumping in oceans, smoke from vehicles and factories, waste from industrial activities, and chemicals from pesticides, batteries, and other sources. The effects of pollutants like grease in water turning it black and dirty are described. Students are given assignments to identify types of pollutants and illustrate different categories through a collage.
Conservation of natural resources.ppt
The document discusses the importance of conserving natural resources like soil, water, biodiversity, and forests. It notes that as population and industrialization increase, consumption of resources is also rising. If not properly managed, this could lead to scarcity. The document then provides details on various methods to conserve each type of resource, like crop rotation and mulching for soil, rainwater harvesting for water, protected areas for biodiversity, and afforestation programs for forests. It also mentions some of the legislation passed in India to promote conservation.
Soil Pollution
Soil Pollution-
Definition of Soil
Soil Pollutants
Sources
Classification
Soil Profile
Adverse Effects of Soil Pollution
OXYGEN CYCLE
Ali Hyder presented on the oxygen cycle to the Microbiology and Biotechnology department. The presentation covered definitions of key terms like biogeochemical cycles and oxygen. It explained that oxygen is produced primarily through photosynthesis by plants and some through interactions with sunlight and water vapor. Oxygen gets used up through respiration by animals and organisms, decomposition of dead matter, rusting of metals, and combustion. The oxygen cycle occurs as plants produce oxygen through photosynthesis during the day, which is then used by organisms for respiration and releases carbon dioxide, which plants then use again at night through photosynthesis, repeating the cycle.
9. Soil science.pptx
Soil is composed of minerals, organic matter, water and air. It supports plant growth by providing structure, water, air, nutrients and regulating temperatures. The three main types of soil are sandy soil, loamy soil, and clay soil. Sandy soil drains well but lacks nutrients, clay soil retains nutrients and water well but drains poorly, and loamy soil has a good balance. Plants require 17 essential nutrients which are classified as macronutrients or micronutrients based on their abundance. Deficiency symptoms vary by nutrient but include stunted growth, leaf discoloration, and reduced yields. Inorganic fertilizers are added to soils to supply nutrients and are classified as straight or complex based on the number of nutrients
Soils
This document provides an overview of soil composition and formation. It states that soil is composed of 5% water, 25% air, 45% mineral matter, and 25% organic material. Soils are formed through weathering of bedrock and incorporation of organic material via plant and animal remains. Soil profiles consist of horizontal layers (horizons) that indicate soil type and development. Key soil characteristics include color, structure, texture, organic content, pH, and water content, which influence a soil's ability to support plant growth.
SOIL POLUTION
Soil pollution is caused by both natural processes and human activities like industrial waste dumping, use of chemicals in agriculture, and waste disposal. It leads to harmful effects like reduced soil fertility, crop yields, and contamination of water sources. The major types of soil pollutants include heavy metals, pesticides, plastics and pathogens. To control soil pollution, methods like reducing chemical use, recycling wastes, reforestation, and treating dumped wastes should be adopted.
Soil as a natural resource
Soil is considered to be the “skin of the earth". Soil is capable of supporting plant life and all life on earth. Soils are complex mixtures of 5 major components. The importance of soils as natural resource are highlighted in this module.
Land and soil Resources
This document discusses land and soil resources. It covers topics such as land degradation, land conservation, types of soil, and soil conservation. Specifically, it notes that 23% of the world's usable land has been degraded through deforestation, overgrazing, and other causes. Proper land use planning and techniques like afforestation, controlling erosion, and regulating chemicals can help conserve land resources for future generations. The document also outlines the different layers that make up soil and the importance of conserving soil to retain its fertility.
"Composting 101" Presentation
This document provides an overview of the benefits of composting and how to set up a compost bin. Composting saves money for homeowners and municipalities by reducing trash costs. It also keeps food waste out of landfills, where it would otherwise release methane, a potent greenhouse gas. The composting process uses microorganisms to break down food scraps and yard waste into a nutrient-rich soil amendment. The document outlines what materials are suitable for composting and how to construct a bin with the proper ratios of greens and browns to support the decomposition process.
Soil and its brief - class 10 geography
This is a presentation on
1 types of soil .
2 soil erosion
3 soil conservation
4 types of soil erosion
5 soil - brief
Soil Notes
Soil is composed of mineral particles, organic matter, water and air. It supports plant growth by providing nutrients and anchoring plants. Soil formation involves weathering of bedrock and develops distinct layers over time. Soil properties like texture, structure, porosity and permeability impact water and nutrient retention. Erosion by water and wind degrades soils and impacts agriculture. Conservation techniques like contour plowing, cover cropping and reduced tillage help mitigate erosion.
Soil forming processes
The Formation of a particular type of soil depends upon the physico-chemical properties of the parent rock, intensity and duration of weathering, climatic and other parameters. This module highlights these aspects for a basic understanding.
CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF SOIL DEGRADATION
Soil degradation is the decline in soil quality from its original fertile state due to improper land use. It is caused by both natural processes and human activities. Key causes of human-induced soil degradation include water and wind erosion, deforestation, overgrazing, mining, urbanization, improper agricultural practices, and industrialization. This leads to issues like soil infertility, loss of arable land, reduced water quality, and negative impacts on biodiversity. Globally, soil degradation affects 1.5 billion people and is responsible for an estimated 84% of land degradation. It threatens food security and livelihoods around the world.
Water Resources (Basic Geography)
Water resources include surface water sources like rivers and lakes as well as groundwater sources located underground. Surface water is replenished by precipitation and flows through river systems, while groundwater is located in aquifers below the water table. People use water resources for household needs, agriculture which accounts for 69% of water usage globally, industry, recreation, and environmental purposes. Water pollution can occur from point sources like waste water treatment plants or nonpoint sources like stormwater runoff, harming water quality.
Physical Properties of Soils
Soils are characterised by several physical properties. The important ones are: (1) Soil separates and texture,
(2) Structure of soil, (3) Weight and soil density, (4) Porosity of soil, (5) Permeability of soil, (6) Soil colour, (7) Temperature of soil, and (8) Soil Plasticity, Compressibility and Erodibility. Some of these are discussed in this module.
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BENEFITS OF SOIL ORGANIC MATTER
Organic matter provides numerous chemical, physical, and biological benefits to soil. Chemically, it acts as a reservoir of nutrients, contributes to the soil's cation exchange capacity, and forms chelates that make nutrients more available to plants. Physically, organic matter improves soil structure, increases the soil's water holding capacity, and prevents erosion. Biologically, it supports soil microorganisms that drive nutrient cycling and helps maintain overall soil quality.
IMPORTANCE OF OM.pptx
Organic matter provides numerous chemical, physical, and biological benefits to soil. Chemically, it acts as a reservoir of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, contributes to the soil's cation exchange capacity, and forms chelates that make micronutrients more available to plants. Physically, organic matter improves soil structure, increases the soil's water holding capacity, reduces erosion, and lessens compaction. Biologically, it feeds soil microbes that drive nutrient cycling and supports a diverse array of soil organisms. Organic matter is essential for maintaining healthy, productive soil.
Benefits of soil organic By Allah Dad Khan
Soil organic matter provides chemical, physical, and biological benefits to soil. Chemically, it acts as a reservoir of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, contributes to the soil's cation exchange capacity, and forms chelates that make micronutrients available to plants. Physically, it improves the soil's structure, water holding capacity, and resistance to erosion, crusting, and compaction. Biologically, it supports vast numbers of soil microorganisms whose nutrient cycling and other functions are vital to soil fertility.
Role of organic matter in maintenance of soil fertility
This document discusses the importance of soil organic matter. It states that soil organic matter affects chemical and physical soil properties and overall health. It is made up of living and dead biomass and humus. Soil organic matter content typically ranges from 1-6% and provides benefits like improved structure, water retention, and nutrient availability. Maintaining or increasing soil organic matter through practices like reduced tillage, cover crops, and reducing erosion can improve soil quality and sustainability.
Chapt10 lecture
The document provides an overview of conventional and sustainable farming practices. It discusses several key topics:
- Soil characteristics and the components that make up soil ecosystems
- Common causes of soil erosion like water and wind, and the issues of desertification
- The role of fertilizers and pesticides in modern agriculture and their environmental impacts
- Alternative approaches like organic farming, integrated pest management, and soil conservation techniques
- The environmental impacts of agriculture and ways consumers can support more sustainable practices
Soil resources
The document summarizes key information about soil resources. It defines soil and discusses soil-forming factors such as parent material, climate, topography and organisms. It also describes soil composition, nutrients, horizons, texture, characteristics, types of fertilizers and their pros and cons. Methods to prevent soil erosion, salinization, desertification and reclaim degraded land are also summarized.
Green chm-ch10
The document discusses the important role of the geosphere, or solid earth, in supporting plant growth and food production through soil. It describes the physical nature and composition of soil, as well as the key factors that influence soil quality like organic matter, water, and nutrients. Modern agricultural practices have increased food yields but also caused environmental damage that green chemistry aims to address through more sustainable approaches.
Ch 10 ed
The document discusses various farming practices and their environmental impacts. It covers conventional practices like tilling, monocropping, and chemical usage that can degrade soils and pollute waterways over time. Alternatively, sustainable practices like crop rotation, cover crops, permaculture, and organic farming help conserve and rebuild soil quality while reducing pollution. The summary concludes by noting consumers can support more sustainable agriculture through diet and purchasing choices.
saketh SOIL DAY ppt.pptx
World Soil Day is celebrated annually on December 5th to raise awareness about the importance of healthy soil. It was established in 2002 by the International Union of Soil Sciences and endorsed by the UN General Assembly in 2013. There are different types of soil like sandy soil, silt soil, clay soil, and loamy soil. Soil pollution from industrial waste, deforestation, and overuse of fertilizers and pesticides threatens soil quality and human health. Organic farming relies on natural nutrient cycling and pest management rather than chemicals. Earthworms improve soil fertility by recycling organic matter into humus. Plastic pollution damages the environment for hundreds of years, so alternatives to plastic bags are needed.
Advantages of organic matter
This document discusses the advantages and disadvantages of organic matter in soil. It outlines three main benefits: chemical, physical, and biological. The chemical benefits include nutrient supply from organic matter breakdown, contribution to cation exchange capacity, and chelation of micronutrients. The physical benefits are water holding capacity, improved soil structure and aggregation, increased soil quality, and reduced surface crusting. The biological benefits come from increased soil biota like microorganisms that aid in nutrient cycling and bioremediation of pollutants.
NRM_3.pptx
The document discusses soil from various perspectives. It defines soil as a natural body composed of mineral and organic constituents that has been subjected to genetic and environmental factors over time. Soil is described as having four major components - mineral material and organic matter (solid), water (liquid), and air (gases). The key functions of soil are also summarized, including as a medium for plant growth, regulating temperature and water, filtering water, and providing a habitat.
Soil pollution
The document discusses soil formation and degradation. It states that soil is formed over long periods from the weathering of rock by various physical, chemical, and biological processes. Climate and time influence soil development, with warmer, wetter climates producing soil more rapidly. Mature soil consists of distinct horizontal layers called horizons. The document outlines some key causes of soil degradation, including erosion from wind and water; loss of nutrients due to harvesting without replenishing fertilizers; and salinization from irrigation in arid areas. Prevention of soil erosion involves techniques such as planting vegetation, using mulch, improving drainage, and reducing over-watering.
Identifying PH and Plant Growth
This document discusses factors that affect soil productivity, including pH, organic matter, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and nutrient balance. It explains that colloids give soil its negative charge and allow it to attract and hold positively charged particles (cations) like nutrients. CEC measures the total cations a soil can retain. Higher clay and organic matter lead to higher CEC, allowing soils to retain more nutrients. The document also notes that organic matter improves soil properties, provides nutrients, and influences pH levels important for plant growth. Proper nutrient balance and adequate levels of elements like nitrogen are also key to supporting optimum plant growth.
soil
Soil takes a long time to form, around 500-1000 years to form an inch of soil. Soil formation occurs in stages, starting with rocks being broken down by forces like wind and water into particles. In stage one, these particles form a mineral soil but cannot support life as they lack nitrogen. In stage two, lichens add nitrogen to the soil through nitrogen fixation. Mosses, bacteria and fungi also add nutrients and water. In stage three, larger plants that support roots can grow. Eventually, the soil supports thick vegetation in stage four. Reforestation, crop rotation, cover crops, and windbreaks can help conserve soil and prevent erosion.
What is soil
This document discusses soil pollution, including what soil is, how it forms, different types of soil profiles, and ways that soil can become polluted. Soil pollution is defined as the accumulation of toxic compounds, chemicals, salts or radioactive materials that harm plant growth and health. Soil can be polluted through seepage from landfills, industrial waste discharge, contaminated water percolation, and excess fertilizer or pesticide application. Common soil pollutants include petroleum, heavy metals, pesticides and solvents. The effects of soil pollution include harming plant nutrition and growth as well as ecological imbalances and health problems. Conservation methods to prevent soil pollution include reducing chemical fertilizer and pesticide use, re
Organic manures characteristics By Allah Dad Khan
Organic matter is a key component of cultivated soils and influences soil properties. It is complex and heterogeneous, consisting of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, lignin, and other compounds. Major sources include livestock waste, farmyard manure, green manures, and plant residues. Organic matter breaks down over time through biological oxidation to produce organic manures like farmyard manure and farm slurry. Maintaining high soil organic matter provides benefits like improved soil structure, nutrient retention, and increased biological activity. Agricultural practices can impact soil organic matter levels through processes like tillage, cropping rotations, and fertilization.
Soil management
This document discusses the key properties and components of soil. It notes that soil acts as a key resource for crop production by supporting physical, chemical, and biological processes. Soils can be classified based on their particle size and amount of organic matter. Different soil types like sandy, loamy, and clay soils are described along with their characteristics. Organic matter, soil fertility, drainage, pH, and microbes are also discussed as important factors that influence soil quality and plant growth. Maintaining healthy soil through proper management is emphasized.
Conservation
Natural resources are classified as renewable and non-renewable. Renewable resources like water and soil can be used sustainably while non-renewable resources like coal are depleted over time. Some key natural resources are forests, water, minerals, food, land, and energy. Forests provide timber, fuel, and help regulate climate and soil fertility. Water is essential for life but faces threats from pollution, overuse, and natural disasters. Mineral extraction disturbs the environment and causes problems like acid mine drainage. Food resources rely on sustainable agriculture but current practices like the green revolution use pesticides that harm soils and ecosystems. Conservation of natural resources requires practices like organic farming, reducing pollution, and sustainable management of forests, lands,
Kind of Soil and Soil Quality Presentation
The document discusses soil and its importance. Soil provides arable land for agriculture, regulates water and filters pollutants, and facilitates nutrient cycling. It also provides foundation and support. However, 33% of global soil is degraded through erosion, pollution, and overexploitation. Key drivers of degradation include intensive agriculture, urbanization, and deforestation. Conservation efforts include planting trees, no-dig gardening, and reducing soil compaction.
Soil - Types, Profile and Conservation - NCERT Solution Class 7 Science
Soil Types, Profile and Conservation The soil is a mixture of minerals, organic matter, and organisms But broadly speaking, clay can indicate any loose residue In addition, several types of soils are distributed worldwide and are generally classified as follows
Similar to project report on soil (20)
Role of organic matter in maintenance of soil fertility
Role of organic matter in maintenance of soil fertility
Soil - Types, Profile and Conservation - NCERT Solution Class 7 Science
Soil - Types, Profile and Conservation - NCERT Solution Class 7 Science
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Morgan Freeman Net Worth: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Legendary Actor’s W...
Morgan Freeman, One of Hollywood's most recognizable and revered actors. Has enjoyed a prolific career spanning several decades. Known for his distinctive voice, commanding presence, and versatile acting skills. Freeman has left an indelible mark on the entertainment industry. But, Freeman's financial success is a topic of great interest beyond his artistic achievements. This article delves into the intricacies of Morgan Freeman net worth. Exploring the various avenues through which he has amassed his fortune.
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Introduction to Morgan Freeman Net Worth
Morgan Freeman net worth is a testament to his enduring career and diverse portfolio of income streams. As of 2024, Freeman's estimated net worth is a staggering $250 million. This impressive figure reflects his earnings from acting and his ventures in directing, producing, and other business endeavors. Understanding the factors contributing to Morgan Freeman net worth provides a window into the financial success of one of Hollywood's most esteemed figures.
Early Life and Career Beginnings
Childhood and Early Influences
Morgan Freeman was born on June 1, 1937, in Memphis, Tennessee. Raised in a modest household, Freeman's early life marked by economic challenges. Despite these hardships, Freeman was passionate about acting from a young age. His early exposure to the arts and innate talent set the stage for his future career.
Initial Struggles and Breakthroughs
Freeman's path to stardom was with obstacles. He spent several years honing his craft in theater, television, and minor film roles. His big break came with the 1987 film Street Smart. where his performance earned him critical acclaim and an Academy Award nomination. This role marked a turning point. paving the way for future opportunities and contributing to Morgan Freeman net worth.
Rise to Stardom and Major Film Roles
Breakthrough Performances
Freeman's career trajectory took a decisive turn with standout performances in films such as Driving Miss Daisy (1989), Glory (1989), and The Shawshank Redemption (1994). These roles showcased his acting prowess and solidified his status as a leading man in Hollywood. Each film was a commercial success, contributing to Morgan Freeman net worth.
Consistent Box Office Hits
The 1990s and 2000s were particularly fruitful for Freeman. He appeared in a series of successful films, including Seven (1995), Deep Impact (1998), Bruce Almighty (2003). and The Dark Knight Trilogy (2005-2012). His delivering stellar performances in high-grossing films have influenced Morgan Freeman net worth accumulation.
Diversification of Income Sources
Voice Acting and Narration
Freeman's distinctive voice has become one of his most recognizable attributes. He has lent his voice to many documentaries, commercials, and animated films. His work as a narrator, in March of the Penguins (2005) and Through the Wormhole (2010-2017). has acclaimed and rewarding. These projects have boosted Morgan Freem
一比一原版美国迈阿密大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国迈阿密大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理美国迈阿密大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理美国迈阿密大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理美国迈阿密大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理美国迈阿密大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
GFW Office Hours: How to Use Planet Imagery on Global Forest Watch_June 11, 2024
Earlier this year, we hosted a webinar on Deforestation Exposed: Using High Resolution Satellite Imagery to Investigate Forest Clearing.
If you missed this webinar or have any questions about Norway’s International Climate & Forests Initiative (NICFI) Satellite Data Program and Planet’s high-resolution mosaics, please join our expert-led office hours for an overview of how to use Planet’s satellite imagery on GFW, including how to access and analyze the data.
Floristic diversity in a unique ecosystem of Burkina Faso: The case of the Ko...
Floristic diversity in a unique ecosystem of Burkina Faso: The case of the Ko...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this study is to provide a better knowledge of the flora of a classified forest relic and its capacity to preserve biodiversity. A forest inventory on 28 plots for woody species and 11 plots for herbaceous species was carried out in the Kou Classified Forest (KCF). The results show that the flora of the KCF is rich in 207 species belonging to 62 families and 165 genera. It includes 121 woody species and 85 herbaceous species. The most represented family is the Fabaceae 38 taxa. The diversity indices show that the woody and herbaceous flora is diverse, with respectively 13.61 and 7.85 for Margalef’s absolute species richness, 3.36 and 3.80 for Shannon-Weaver’s diversity index (H’), 0.93 and 0.97 for Simpson’s dominance (D’); 0.74 and 0.92 for Piélou’s equitability index (E). A total of 36 special-status species and 87.86% rare species (rarity index >80%) were recorded. Structural parameters such as basal area (15.73 ± 2.86 m2/ha), density (456 ± 51 ft/ha), average herbaceous cover (22% ± 4%) and Weibull’s form factor (C=0.7) show good ecological health and stability of the vegetation with a high regeneration potential of 1280 seedlings/ha and a regeneration rate of 236.37%. This ecosystem is of major importance in the conservation of phytodiversity in Burkina Faso.
一比一原版美国加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理美国加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理美国加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理美国加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理美国加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Classification of Clove sizes as planting material to the bulb yield of Garli...
Classification of Clove sizes as planting material to the bulb yield of Garli...Open Access Research Paper
Garlic is one of the highly valued crops in the Philippines. However, low production yield is the main constraint, specifically in the native varieties that could not satisfy the demand. Among the limiting factors are the use of unsuitable clove size as planting materials. The results revealed that clove sizes significantly influenced the growth of garlic. Large clove size and extra-large clove size obtained average plant vigor with ratings of 5.83 and 6.33, respectively. Significant differences were also found in both fresh and dry bulb weights, with the largest clove size yielding the heaviest weights at 19.36g and 16.67g, respectively. Moreover, large and extra-large clove sizes produced the highest number of cloves per bulb with an average of 19.87 and 19.33 respectively. However, no significant differences were observed in yield per plant and yield per hectare. Consequently, large clove sizes employed as planting material increased the vigor, bulb weights, and the number of cloves with no significant effect on the yield. The study showed that planting large clove sizes (2.0-2.50g) is more promising as planting materials of native varieties like Ilocos white.
Organic Nutrient Resources and its biofortification
This lecture deals about various source of organic manure and its nutrient content
Mass Production of Trichogramma sp..pptx
Trichogramma spp. is an efficient egg parasitoids that potentially assist to manage the insect-pests from the field condition by parasiting the host eggs. To mass culture this egg parasitoids effectively, we need to culture another stored grain pest- Rice Meal Moth (Corcyra Cephalonica). After rearing this pest, the eggs of Corcyra will carry the potential Trichogramma spp., which is an Hymenopteran Wasp. The detailed Methodologies of rearing both Corcyra Cephalonica and Trichogramma spp. have described on this ppt.
Travis Hills of MN Promotes Practices That Help Farms and Ecosystems Thrive, ...
Travis Hills of MN implements cutting-edge technology to enhance water efficiency by recycling clean water for irrigation. He advocates for responsible water management practices, reducing freshwater dependency in agricultural settings. Travis' initiatives support sustainable farming practices and ecosystem health, aligning with environmental sustainability goals.
一比一原版美国贝翰文大学毕业证（BU学位证）如何办理
原件一模一样【微信：WP101A】【美国贝翰文大学毕业证（BU学位证）成绩单】【微信：WP101A】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：WP101A】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：WP101A】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：WP101A】
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
办理美国贝翰文大学毕业证（BU学位证）学位证【微信：WP101A 】外观非常精致，由特殊纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理美国贝翰文大学毕业证（BU学位证）学位证【微信：WP101A 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理美国贝翰文大学毕业证（BU学位证）学位证【微信：WP101A 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理美国贝翰文大学毕业证（BU学位证）学位证【微信：WP101A 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Call Girls Bangalore 9024918724 Independent Call Girl Service Bangalore
Call Girls Bangalore 9024918724 Independent Call Girl Service Bangalore
一比一原版(unuk毕业证书)英国诺丁汉大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(unuk毕业证书)英国诺丁汉大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(unuk毕业证书)英国诺丁汉大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(unuk毕业证书)英国诺丁汉大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(unuk毕业证书)英国诺丁汉大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(unuk毕业证书)英国诺丁汉大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Welcoming Wolves Back Home and the Effects of Manifest Destiny
Explore ideas based on manifest destiny, why we don't own the land, and how ranchers can learn to live with wolves.
一比一原版美国加州大学欧文分校毕业证（uci学位证）如何办理
原件一模一样【微信：WP101A】【美国加州大学欧文分校毕业证（uci学位证）成绩单】【微信：WP101A】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：WP101A】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：WP101A】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：WP101A】
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
办理美国加州大学欧文分校毕业证（uci学位证）学位证【微信：WP101A 】外观非常精致，由特殊纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理美国加州大学欧文分校毕业证（uci学位证）学位证【微信：WP101A 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理美国加州大学欧文分校毕业证（uci学位证）学位证【微信：WP101A 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理美国加州大学欧文分校毕业证（uci学位证）学位证【微信：WP101A 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
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- 2. SOIL
- 5. The composition of soil differs for different types of soils. It depends upon the type of rock from which the soil is formed. The constituents of soil are :- 1. Water 2. Air 3. Organic matter of Humus 4. Living Organisms 5. Inorganic matter and nutrients 6. Minerals
- 7. Physical weathering breaks rocks into small mineral particles.
- 8. Chemical weathering dissolves and changes minerals at the Earth’s surface.
- 9. Biological weathering decomposes organic material from plants and animals mixes with accumulated soil minerals.
- 11. Depending on the amounts of different particles, soil can be classified into three groups a.Sandy Soil b.Clayey Soil
- 13. Soil is Classified as six Types 1. Black Soil 2. Red soil 3. Laterite Soil 4. Desert Soil 5. Mountain Soil 6. Alluvial Soil
- 17. • Soil acts as a filter for underground water, filtering out pollutants • Approximately 10% of the world’s carbon dioxide emissions are stored in soil • It provides all the nutrients required for successful plant growth. • There are more microorganisms in a handful of soil than there are people on earth • It takes 500 years to produce just under an inch of topsoil, this is the most productive layer of soil. • It greatly reduces flood risk by storing up to 9200 tonnes of water per acre. In total that’s about 0.01% of the Earth’s total water. • Soil is a living system
- 24. Solutions for Soil Pollution:- 1. Make people aware about the concept of Reduce, Recycle and Reuse. 2. Reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers in agricultural activities. 3. Avoid buying packages items as they will lead to garbage and end up in landfill site. 4. Ensure that you do not litter on the ground and do proper disposal of garbage. 5. Buy biodegradable products. 6. Do Organic gardening and eat organic food that will be grown without the use of pesticides. 7. Create dumping ground away from residential areas.