The document describes the evolution of software development methodologies over time, from the 1950s to the 2000s. It discusses several models including code and fix, waterfall model, spiral model, V-model, and agile methods. The waterfall model was introduced in the 1970s and emphasized sequential development through requirements, design, implementation, testing, integration, and maintenance phases. The spiral model was developed in the 1980s to address limitations of the waterfall model through an iterative, risk-driven approach. The V-model emerged in the 1990s and depicted the relationships between project phases and testing activities.
These PPT presentation help to understand waterfall model in SDLC. The Waterfall model is the earliest SDLC approach that was used for software development. There are five steps in the waterfall model.
Waterfall Model PPT in Software EngineeringRaju Sheoran
What is Waterfall Model? History of waterfall model, Advantages, Disadvantages and much more realted to waterfall model.
The waterfall model is the basic and simple software development life cycle model. But idealistic. Earlier the waterfall model was very popular but these days it is not used while software development. And the model was divided into phases and all the phases are organized in linear order. This model was first introduced by Dr. Winston in 1970.
This model is very popular and very important because all the models in software development life cycle models are based on it. So, we can call it, It is the base of all software development life cycle models or it is known as Classical Waterfall Model.
These PPT presentation help to understand waterfall model in SDLC. The Waterfall model is the earliest SDLC approach that was used for software development. There are five steps in the waterfall model.
Waterfall Model PPT in Software EngineeringRaju Sheoran
What is Waterfall Model? History of waterfall model, Advantages, Disadvantages and much more realted to waterfall model.
The waterfall model is the basic and simple software development life cycle model. But idealistic. Earlier the waterfall model was very popular but these days it is not used while software development. And the model was divided into phases and all the phases are organized in linear order. This model was first introduced by Dr. Winston in 1970.
This model is very popular and very important because all the models in software development life cycle models are based on it. So, we can call it, It is the base of all software development life cycle models or it is known as Classical Waterfall Model.
Iterative model.
Spiral model
RAD(Rapid application development)
model.
Iterative model.
Spiral model
RAD(Rapid application development)
model.
A Water Fall Model is easy to flow.
It can be implemented for any size of project.
Every stage has to be done separately at the right time so you cannot jump stages.
Documentation is produced at every stage of a waterfall model allowing people to understand what has been done.
Testing is done at every stage.
This model was not the first model to discuss iterative development.
As originally envisioned, the iterations were typically 6 months to 2 years long.
Each phase starts with a design goal and ends with the client (who may be internal) reviewing the progress thus far.
Analysis and engineering efforts are applied at each phase of the project, with an eye toward the end goal of the project.
This model was not the first model to discuss iterative development.
As originally envisioned, the iterations were typically 6 months to 2 years long.
Each phase starts with a design goal and ends with the client (who may be internal) reviewing the progress thus far.
Analysis and engineering efforts are applied at each phase of the project, with an eye toward the end goal of the project.
This model was not the first model to discuss iterative development.
As originally envisioned, the iterations were typically 6 months to 2 years long.
Each phase starts with a design goal and ends with the client (who may be internal) reviewing the progress thus far.
Analysis and engineering efforts are applied at each phase of the project, with an eye toward the end goal of the project.
This approach carries less risk than a traditional Waterfall approach but is still far more risky and less efficient than a more Agile approaches.
In Iterative model, iterative process starts with a simple implementation of a small set of the software requirements and iteratively enhances the evolving versions until the complete system is implemented and ready to be deployed.
Iterative model.
Spiral model
RAD(Rapid application development)
model.
The first formal description of the waterfall model is often cited as a 1970 article by Winston W. Royce
Royce did not use the term "waterfall" in this article.
Royce presented this model as an example of a flawed, non-working model.
Software engineering a practitioners approach 8th edition pressman solutions ...Drusilla918
Full clear download( no error formatting) at: https://goo.gl/XmRyGP
software engineering a practitioner's approach 8th edition pdf free download
software engineering a practitioner's approach 8th edition ppt
software engineering a practitioner's approach 6th edition pdf
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software engineering a practitioner's approach 9th edition
software engineering a practitioner's approach 9th edition pdf
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roger s. pressman
Iterative model.
Spiral model
RAD(Rapid application development)
model.
Iterative model.
Spiral model
RAD(Rapid application development)
model.
A Water Fall Model is easy to flow.
It can be implemented for any size of project.
Every stage has to be done separately at the right time so you cannot jump stages.
Documentation is produced at every stage of a waterfall model allowing people to understand what has been done.
Testing is done at every stage.
This model was not the first model to discuss iterative development.
As originally envisioned, the iterations were typically 6 months to 2 years long.
Each phase starts with a design goal and ends with the client (who may be internal) reviewing the progress thus far.
Analysis and engineering efforts are applied at each phase of the project, with an eye toward the end goal of the project.
This model was not the first model to discuss iterative development.
As originally envisioned, the iterations were typically 6 months to 2 years long.
Each phase starts with a design goal and ends with the client (who may be internal) reviewing the progress thus far.
Analysis and engineering efforts are applied at each phase of the project, with an eye toward the end goal of the project.
This model was not the first model to discuss iterative development.
As originally envisioned, the iterations were typically 6 months to 2 years long.
Each phase starts with a design goal and ends with the client (who may be internal) reviewing the progress thus far.
Analysis and engineering efforts are applied at each phase of the project, with an eye toward the end goal of the project.
This approach carries less risk than a traditional Waterfall approach but is still far more risky and less efficient than a more Agile approaches.
In Iterative model, iterative process starts with a simple implementation of a small set of the software requirements and iteratively enhances the evolving versions until the complete system is implemented and ready to be deployed.
Iterative model.
Spiral model
RAD(Rapid application development)
model.
The first formal description of the waterfall model is often cited as a 1970 article by Winston W. Royce
Royce did not use the term "waterfall" in this article.
Royce presented this model as an example of a flawed, non-working model.
Software engineering a practitioners approach 8th edition pressman solutions ...Drusilla918
Full clear download( no error formatting) at: https://goo.gl/XmRyGP
software engineering a practitioner's approach 8th edition pdf free download
software engineering a practitioner's approach 8th edition ppt
software engineering a practitioner's approach 6th edition pdf
software engineering pressman 9th edition pdf
software engineering a practitioner's approach 9th edition
software engineering a practitioner's approach 9th edition pdf
software engineering a practitioner's approach 7th edition solution manual pdf
roger s. pressman
List of Software Development Model and MethodsRiant Soft
RiantSoft a Software Development Company derived the most useful and different types of Software Development Model for the users who want to know the development process. RiantSoft is specialized in custom software development with latest cutting edge technologies.
This presentation provides useful and beneficial information related to software development companies. It defines Software development methodology and elaborates various methodologies adopted by software application development companies, web application development companies, custom software development services in India.
Courtesy: Shreyans Agrawal (ifour.shreyans.agrawal@gmail.com)
http://www.ifour-consultancy.com
http://www.ifourtechnolab.com
Evaluating Teaching: SECTIONS.
Check out:
Bates, A. W., & Poole, G. (2003). Effective Teaching with Technology in Higher Education: Foundations for Success. Jossey-Bass, An Imprint of Wiley. 10475 Crosspoint Blvd, Indianapolis, IN 46256.
Evaluating Teaching: Anstey and Watson Rubric
Check out:
Lauren M. Anstey & Gavan P.L. Watson. (2018), Rubric for eLearning Tool Evaluation. Centre for Teaching and Learning, Western University,
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-n c-sa/4.0/
Designing Teaching: ASSURE
Check out:
Heinich, R., Molenda, M., & Russell, J. D., (1993). Instructional Media and The New
Technologies of Instruction. New York: Macmillan
Designing Teaching: Laurilliard's Learning TypesDamian T. Gordon
Designing Teaching: Laurilliard's Learning Types
Check out:
Laurillard, D., 2013. Teaching as a design science: Building pedagogical patterns for learning and technology. Routledge.
Designing Teaching: Elaboration Theory
Check out:
Reigeluth, C. & Stein, F. (1983). The elaboration theory of instruction. In C. Reigeluth (ed.), Instructional Design Theories and Models. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.
Scandal! Teasers June 2024 on etv Forum.co.zaIsaac More
Monday, 3 June 2024
Episode 47
A friend is compelled to expose a manipulative scheme to prevent another from making a grave mistake. In a frantic bid to save Jojo, Phakamile agrees to a meeting that unbeknownst to her, will seal her fate.
Tuesday, 4 June 2024
Episode 48
A mother, with her son's best interests at heart, finds him unready to heed her advice. Motshabi finds herself in an unmanageable situation, sinking fast like in quicksand.
Wednesday, 5 June 2024
Episode 49
A woman fabricates a diabolical lie to cover up an indiscretion. Overwhelmed by guilt, she makes a spontaneous confession that could be devastating to another heart.
Thursday, 6 June 2024
Episode 50
Linda unwittingly discloses damning information. Nhlamulo and Vuvu try to guide their friend towards the right decision.
Friday, 7 June 2024
Episode 51
Jojo's life continues to spiral out of control. Dintle weaves a web of lies to conceal that she is not as successful as everyone believes.
Monday, 10 June 2024
Episode 52
A heated confrontation between lovers leads to a devastating admission of guilt. Dintle's desperation takes a new turn, leaving her with dwindling options.
Tuesday, 11 June 2024
Episode 53
Unable to resort to violence, Taps issues a verbal threat, leaving Mdala unsettled. A sister must explain her life choices to regain her brother's trust.
Wednesday, 12 June 2024
Episode 54
Winnie makes a very troubling discovery. Taps follows through on his threat, leaving a woman reeling. Layla, oblivious to the truth, offers an incentive.
Thursday, 13 June 2024
Episode 55
A nosy relative arrives just in time to thwart a man's fatal decision. Dintle manipulates Khanyi to tug at Mo's heartstrings and get what she wants.
Friday, 14 June 2024
Episode 56
Tlhogi is shocked by Mdala's reaction following the revelation of their indiscretion. Jojo is in disbelief when the punishment for his crime is revealed.
Monday, 17 June 2024
Episode 57
A woman reprimands another to stay in her lane, leading to a damning revelation. A man decides to leave his broken life behind.
Tuesday, 18 June 2024
Episode 58
Nhlamulo learns that due to his actions, his worst fears have come true. Caiphus' extravagant promises to suppliers get him into trouble with Ndu.
Wednesday, 19 June 2024
Episode 59
A woman manages to kill two birds with one stone. Business doom looms over Chillax. A sobering incident makes a woman realize how far she's fallen.
Thursday, 20 June 2024
Episode 60
Taps' offer to help Nhlamulo comes with hidden motives. Caiphus' new ideas for Chillax have MaHilda excited. A blast from the past recognizes Dintle, not for her newfound fame.
Friday, 21 June 2024
Episode 61
Taps is hungry for revenge and finds a rope to hang Mdala with. Chillax's new job opportunity elicits mixed reactions from the public. Roommates' initial meeting starts off on the wrong foot.
Monday, 24 June 2024
Episode 62
Taps seizes new information and recruits someone on the inside. Mary's new job
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philos...Rodney Thomas Jr
#SSAPhilosophy #DjangoUnchained #DjangoFreeman #ExistentialPhilosophy #Freedom #Identity #Justice #Courage #Rebellion #Transformation
Welcome to SSA Philosophy, your ultimate destination for diving deep into the profound philosophies of iconic characters from video games, movies, and TV shows. In this episode, we explore the powerful journey and existential philosophy of Django Freeman from Quentin Tarantino’s masterful film, "Django Unchained," in our video titled, "From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philosophy of Django Freeman!"
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained – The Philosophy of Django Freeman!
Join me as we delve into the existential philosophy of Django Freeman, uncovering the profound lessons and timeless wisdom his character offers. Through his story, we find inspiration in the power of choice, the quest for justice, and the courage to defy oppression. Django Freeman’s philosophy is a testament to the human spirit’s unyielding drive for freedom and justice.
Don’t forget to like, comment, and subscribe to SSA Philosophy for more in-depth explorations of the philosophies behind your favorite characters. Hit the notification bell to stay updated on our latest videos. Let’s discover the principles that shape these icons and the profound lessons they offer.
Django Freeman’s story is one of the most compelling narratives of transformation and empowerment in cinema. A former slave turned relentless bounty hunter, Django’s journey is not just a physical liberation but an existential quest for identity, justice, and retribution. This video delves into the core philosophical elements that define Django’s character and the profound choices he makes throughout his journey.
Link to video: https://youtu.be/GszqrXk38qk
Meet Dinah Mattingly – Larry Bird’s Partner in Life and Loveget joys
Get an intimate look at Dinah Mattingly’s life alongside NBA icon Larry Bird. From their humble beginnings to their life today, discover the love and partnership that have defined their relationship.
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In the vast landscape of cinema, stories have been told, retold, and reimagined in countless ways. At the heart of this narrative evolution lies the concept of a "remake". A successful remake allows us to revisit cherished tales through a fresh lens, often reflecting a different era's perspective or harnessing the power of advanced technology. Yet, the question remains, what makes a remake successful? Today, we will delve deeper into this subject, identifying the key ingredients that contribute to the success of a remake.
Maximizing Your Streaming Experience with XCIPTV- Tips for 2024.pdfXtreame HDTV
In today’s digital age, streaming services have become an integral part of our entertainment lives. Among the myriad of options available, XCIPTV stands out as a premier choice for those seeking seamless, high-quality streaming. This comprehensive guide will delve into the features, benefits, and user experience of XCIPTV, illustrating why it is a top contender in the IPTV industry.
From the Editor's Desk: 115th Father's day Celebration - When we see Father's day in Hindu context, Nanda Baba is the most vivid figure which comes to the mind. Nanda Baba who was the foster father of Lord Krishna is known to provide love, care and affection to Lord Krishna and Balarama along with his wife Yashoda; Letter’s to the Editor: Mother's Day - Mother is a precious life for their children. Mother is life breath for her children. Mother's lap is the world happiness whose debt can never be paid.
240529_Teleprotection Global Market Report 2024.pdfMadhura TBRC
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teleprotection market size is expected to see
exponential growth in the next few years. It will grow
to $70.77 billion in 2028 at a compound annual
growth rate (CAGR) of 26.0%.
Tom Selleck Net Worth: A Comprehensive Analysisgreendigital
Over several decades, Tom Selleck, a name synonymous with charisma. From his iconic role as Thomas Magnum in the television series "Magnum, P.I." to his enduring presence in "Blue Bloods," Selleck has captivated audiences with his versatility and charm. As a result, "Tom Selleck net worth" has become a topic of great interest among fans. and financial enthusiasts alike. This article delves deep into Tom Selleck's wealth, exploring his career, assets, endorsements. and business ventures that contribute to his impressive economic standing.
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Early Life and Career Beginnings
The Foundation of Tom Selleck's Wealth
Born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, Tom Selleck grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. His journey towards building a large net worth began with humble origins. , Selleck pursued a business administration degree at the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. But, his interest shifted towards acting. leading him to study at the Hills Playhouse under Milton Katselas.
Minor roles in television and films marked Selleck's early career. He appeared in commercials and took on small parts in T.V. series such as "The Dating Game" and "Lancer." These initial steps, although modest. laid the groundwork for his future success and the growth of Tom Selleck net worth. Breakthrough with "Magnum, P.I."
The Role that Defined Tom Selleck's Career
Tom Selleck's breakthrough came with the role of Thomas Magnum in the CBS television series "Magnum, P.I." (1980-1988). This role made him a household name and boosted his net worth. The series' popularity resulted in Selleck earning large salaries. leading to financial stability and increased recognition in Hollywood.
"Magnum P.I." garnered high ratings and critical acclaim during its run. Selleck's portrayal of the charming and resourceful private investigator resonated with audiences. making him one of the most beloved television actors of the 1980s. The success of "Magnum P.I." played a pivotal role in shaping Tom Selleck net worth, establishing him as a major star.
Film Career and Diversification
Expanding Tom Selleck's Financial Portfolio
While "Magnum, P.I." was a cornerstone of Selleck's career, he did not limit himself to television. He ventured into films, further enhancing Tom Selleck net worth. His filmography includes notable movies such as "Three Men and a Baby" (1987). which became the highest-grossing film of the year, and its sequel, "Three Men and a Little Lady" (1990). These box office successes contributed to his wealth.
Selleck's versatility allowed him to transition between genres. from comedies like "Mr. Baseball" (1992) to westerns such as "Quigley Down Under" (1990). This diversification showcased his acting range. and provided many income streams, reinforcing Tom Selleck net worth.
Television Resurgence with "Blue Bloods"
Sustaining Wealth through Consistent Success
In 2010, Tom Selleck began starring as Frank Reagan i
Create a Seamless Viewing Experience with Your Own Custom OTT Player.pdfGenny Knight
As the popularity of online streaming continues to rise, the significance of providing outstanding viewing experiences cannot be emphasized enough. Tailored OTT players present a robust solution for service providers aiming to enhance their offerings and engage audiences in a competitive market. Through embracing customization, companies can craft immersive, individualized experiences that effectively hold viewers' attention, entertain them, and encourage repeat usage.
Experience the thrill of Progressive Puzzle Adventures, like Scavenger Hunt Games and Escape Room Activities combined Solve Treasure Hunt Puzzles online.
Skeem Saam in June 2024 available on ForumIsaac More
Monday, June 3, 2024 - Episode 241: Sergeant Rathebe nabs a top scammer in Turfloop. Meikie is furious at her uncle's reaction to the truth about Ntswaki.
Tuesday, June 4, 2024 - Episode 242: Babeile uncovers the truth behind Rathebe’s latest actions. Leeto's announcement shocks his employees, and Ntswaki’s ordeal haunts her family.
Wednesday, June 5, 2024 - Episode 243: Rathebe blocks Babeile from investigating further. Melita warns Eunice to stay clear of Mr. Kgomo.
Thursday, June 6, 2024 - Episode 244: Tbose surrenders to the police while an intruder meddles in his affairs. Rathebe's secret mission faces a setback.
Friday, June 7, 2024 - Episode 245: Rathebe’s antics reach Kganyago. Tbose dodges a bullet, but a nightmare looms. Mr. Kgomo accuses Melita of witchcraft.
Monday, June 10, 2024 - Episode 246: Ntswaki struggles on her first day back at school. Babeile is stunned by Rathebe’s romance with Bullet Mabuza.
Tuesday, June 11, 2024 - Episode 247: An unexpected turn halts Rathebe’s investigation. The press discovers Mr. Kgomo’s affair with a young employee.
Wednesday, June 12, 2024 - Episode 248: Rathebe chases a criminal, resorting to gunfire. Turf High is rife with tension and transfer threats.
Thursday, June 13, 2024 - Episode 249: Rathebe traps Kganyago. John warns Toby to stop harassing Ntswaki.
Friday, June 14, 2024 - Episode 250: Babeile is cleared to investigate Rathebe. Melita gains Mr. Kgomo’s trust, and Jacobeth devises a financial solution.
Monday, June 17, 2024 - Episode 251: Rathebe feels the pressure as Babeile closes in. Mr. Kgomo and Eunice clash. Jacobeth risks her safety in pursuit of Kganyago.
Tuesday, June 18, 2024 - Episode 252: Bullet Mabuza retaliates against Jacobeth. Pitsi inadvertently reveals his parents’ plans. Nkosi is shocked by Khwezi’s decision on LJ’s future.
Wednesday, June 19, 2024 - Episode 253: Jacobeth is ensnared in deceit. Evelyn is stressed over Toby’s case, and Letetswe reveals shocking academic results.
Thursday, June 20, 2024 - Episode 254: Elizabeth learns Jacobeth is in Mpumalanga. Kganyago's past is exposed, and Lehasa discovers his son is in KZN.
Friday, June 21, 2024 - Episode 255: Elizabeth confirms Jacobeth’s dubious activities in Mpumalanga. Rathebe lies about her relationship with Bullet, and Jacobeth faces theft accusations.
Monday, June 24, 2024 - Episode 256: Rathebe spies on Kganyago. Lehasa plans to retrieve his son from KZN, fearing what awaits.
Tuesday, June 25, 2024 - Episode 257: MaNtuli fears for Kwaito’s safety in Mpumalanga. Mr. Kgomo and Melita reconcile.
Wednesday, June 26, 2024 - Episode 258: Kganyago makes a bold escape. Elizabeth receives a shocking message from Kwaito. Mrs. Khoza defends her husband against scam accusations.
Thursday, June 27, 2024 - Episode 259: Babeile's skillful arrest changes the game. Tbose and Kwaito face a hostage crisis.
Friday, June 28, 2024 - Episode 260: Two women face the reality of being scammed. Turf is rocked by breaking
Panchayat Season 3 - Official Trailer.pdfSuleman Rana
The dearest series "Panchayat" is set to make a victorious return with its third season, and the fervor is discernible. The authority trailer, delivered on May 28, guarantees one more enamoring venture through the country heartland of India.
Jitendra Kumar keeps on sparkling as Abhishek Tripathi, the city-reared engineer who ends up functioning as the secretary of the Panchayat office in the curious town of Phulera. His nuanced depiction of a young fellow exploring the difficulties of country life while endeavoring to adjust to his new environmental factors has earned far and wide recognition.
Neena Gupta and Raghubir Yadav return as Manju Devi and Brij Bhushan Dubey, separately. Their dynamic science and immaculate acting rejuvenate the hardships of town administration. Gupta's depiction of the town Pradhan with an ever-evolving outlook, matched with Yadav's carefully prepared exhibition, adds profundity and credibility to the story.
New Difficulties and Experiences
The trailer indicates new difficulties anticipating the characters, as Abhishek keeps on wrestling with his part in the town and his yearnings for a superior future. The series has reliably offset humor with social editorial, and Season 3 looks ready to dig much more profound into the intricacies of rustic organization and self-awareness.
Watchers can hope to see a greater amount of the enchanting and particular residents who have become fan top picks. Their connections and the one of a kind cut of-life situations give a reviving and interesting portrayal of provincial India, featuring the two its appeal and its difficulties.
A Mix of Humor and Heart
One of the signs of "Panchayat" is its capacity to mix humor with sincere narrating. The trailer features minutes that guarantee to convey giggles, as well as scenes that pull at the heartstrings. This equilibrium has been a critical calculate the show's prosperity, resounding with crowds across different socioeconomics.
Creation Greatness
The creation quality remaining parts first rate, with the beautiful setting of Phulera town filling in as a scenery that upgrades the narrating. The meticulousness in portraying provincial life, joined with sharp composition and solid exhibitions, guarantees that "Panchayat" keeps on hanging out in the packed web series scene.
Expectation and Delivery
As the delivery date draws near, expectation for "Panchayat" Season 3 is at a record-breaking high. The authority trailer has previously created critical buzz, with fans enthusiastically anticipating the continuation of Abhishek Tripathi's excursion and the new undertakings that lie ahead in Phulera.
All in all, the authority trailer for "Panchayat" Season 3 recommends that watchers are in for another drawing in and engaging ride. Yet again with its charming characters, convincing story, and ideal mix of humor and show, the new season is set to enamor crowds. Write in your schedules and prepare to get back to the endearing universe of "Panchayat."
As a film director, I have always been awestruck by the magic of animation. Animation, a medium once considered solely for the amusement of children, has undergone a significant transformation over the years. Its evolution from a rudimentary form of entertainment to a sophisticated form of storytelling has stirred my creativity and expanded my vision, offering limitless possibilities in the realm of cinematic storytelling.
Young Tom Selleck: A Journey Through His Early Years and Rise to Stardomgreendigital
Introduction
When one thinks of Hollywood legends, Tom Selleck is a name that comes to mind. Known for his charming smile, rugged good looks. and the iconic mustache that has become synonymous with his persona. Tom Selleck has had a prolific career spanning decades. But, the journey of young Tom Selleck, from his early years to becoming a household name. is a story filled with determination, talent, and a touch of luck. This article delves into young Tom Selleck's life, background, early struggles. and pivotal moments that led to his rise in Hollywood.
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Early Life and Background
Family Roots and Childhood
Thomas William Selleck was born in Detroit, Michigan, on January 29, 1945. He was the second of four children in a close-knit family. His father, Robert Dean Selleck, was a real estate investor and executive. while his mother, Martha Selleck, was a homemaker. The Selleck family relocated to Sherman Oaks, California. when Tom was a child, setting the stage for his future in the entertainment industry.
Education and Early Interests
Growing up, young Tom Selleck was an active and athletic child. He attended Grant High School in Van Nuys, California. where he excelled in sports, particularly basketball. His tall and athletic build made him a standout player, and he earned a basketball scholarship to the University of Southern California (U.S.C.). While at U.S.C., Selleck studied business administration. but his interests shifted toward acting.
Discovery of Acting Passion
Tom Selleck's journey into acting was serendipitous. During his time at U.S.C., a drama coach encouraged him to try acting. This nudge led him to join the Hills Playhouse, where he began honing his craft. Transitioning from an aspiring athlete to an actor took time. but young Tom Selleck became drawn to the performance world.
Early Career Struggles
Breaking Into the Industry
The path to stardom was a challenging one for young Tom Selleck. Like many aspiring actors, he faced many rejections and struggled to find steady work. A series of minor roles and guest appearances on television shows marked his early career. In 1965, he debuted on the syndicated show "The Dating Game." which gave him some exposure but did not lead to immediate success.
The Commercial Breakthrough
During the late 1960s and early 1970s, Selleck began appearing in television commercials. His rugged good looks and charismatic presence made him a popular brand choice. He starred in advertisements for Pepsi-Cola, Revlon, and Close-Up toothpaste. These commercials provided financial stability and helped him gain visibility in the industry.
Struggling Actor in Hollywood
Despite his success in commercials. breaking into large acting roles remained a challenge for young Tom Selleck. He auditioned and took on small parts in T.V. shows and movies. Some of his early television appearances included roles in popular series like Lancer, The F.B.I., and Bracken's World. But, it would take a
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7. Design-Code-Test-Maintain
• Design:
– Specify requirement diagrammatically
• Code:
– Write the code
• Test:
– Check if it is working
• Maintain:
– Keep it up-to-date
11. Reference
• Royce, W.W., 1970, "Managing the
Development of Large Software Systems",
Proceedings of IEEE WESCON 26 (August),
pp.1–9.
12. Winston W. Royce
• Born in 1929.
• Died in 1995.
• An American computer scientist,
director at Lockheed Software
Technology Center in Austin,
Texas, and one of the leaders in
software development in the
second half of the 20th century.
• He was the first person to
describe the “Waterfall model”
for software development,
although Royce did not use the
term "waterfall" in that article,
nor advocated the waterfall
model as a working methodology.
13. Introduction
• “I am going to describe my personal views about
managing large software developments.
• I have had various assignments during the past nine
years, mostly concerned with the development of
software packages for spacecraft mission planning,
commanding and post-flight analysis.
• In these assignments I have experienced different
degrees of success with respect to arriving at an
operational state, on-time, and within costs.
• I have become prejudiced by my experiences and I am
going to relate some of these prejudices in this
presentation.”
14. Small Developments
• For a small development, you only need the
following steps
– Typically done for programs for internal use
19. Large Developments
• Program Design: Use programming
techniques to design software and hardware
within the constraints and objectives set in
the earlier stages.
26. Iterative Relationship between
Successive Development Phases
• Each step progresses and the design is further
detailed, there is an iteration with the
preceding and succeeding steps but rarely
with the more remote steps in the sequence.
• The virtue of all of this is that as the design
proceeds the change process is scoped down
to manageable limits.
28. Unfortunately the design iterations are
never confined to the successive steps
• The testing phase which occurs at the end of the
development cycle is the first event for which
timing, storage, input/output transfers, etc., are
experienced as distinguished from analyzed.
• These phenomena are not precisely analyzable.
• Yet if these phenomena fail to satisfy the various
external constraints, then invariably a major
redesign is required.
30. Five Steps
1. Program Design comes first
2. Document the Design
3. Do it twice
4. Plan, Control and Monitor Testing
5. Involve the Customer
31. 1. Program Design comes first
• A preliminary program design phase has been
inserted between the Software Requirements
Generation phase and the Analysis phase.
33. 1. Program Design comes first
• The following steps are required:
1) Begin the design process with program
designers, not analysts or programmers.
2) Design, define and allocate the data
processing modes.
3) Write an overview document that is
understandable, informative and current.
34. 2. Document the Design
• “How much documentation?"
• “Quite a lot"
• More than most programmers, analysts, or
program designers are willing to do if left to
their own devices.
• The first rule of managing software
development is ruthless enforcement of
documentation requirements.
36. 3. Do It Twice
• Create a pilot study
• If the computer program in question is being
developed for the first time, arrange matters
so that the version finally delivered to the
customer for operational deployment is
actually the second version insofar as critical
design/operations areas are concerned.
38. 4. Plan, Control and Monitor Testing
• Without question the biggest user of project
resources, whether it be manpower, computer
time, or management judgment, is the test
phase. It is the phase of greatest risk in terms
of dollars and schedule.
40. 4. Plan, Control and Monitor Testing
1) Many parts of the test process are best handled
by test specialists who did not necessarily
contribute to the original design.
2) Most errors are of an obvious nature that can be
easily spotted by visual inspection.
3) Test every logic path in the computer program at
least once with some kind of numerical check.
4) After the simple errors (which are in the majority,
and which obscure the big mistakes) are
removed, then it is time to turn over the software
to the test area for checkout purposes.
41. 5. Involve the Customer
• For some reason what a software design is
going to do is subject to wide interpretation
even after previous agreement.
• It is important to involve the customer in a
formal way so that he has committed himself
at earlier points before final delivery.
• To give the contractor free rein between
requirement definition and operation is
inviting trouble.
45. A Spiral Model of Software
Development and Enhancement
by
Barry Boehm
46. Reference
• Boehm, B., 1986, "A Spiral Model of Software
Development and Enhancement", ACM
SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, 11(4)
(August), pp.14-24.
47. Barry Boehm
• Born in 1935.
• An American software
engineer, TRW Emeritus
Professor of Software
Engineering at the
Computer Science
Department of the
University of Southern
California.
• Known for his many
contributions to software
engineering.
48. “Stop the life cycle—I want to get off!”
“Life-cycle Concept Considered Harmful.”
“ The waterfall model is dead.”
“No, it isn’t, but it should be.”
Introduction
• “These statements exemplify the current debate about software life-cycle process
models. The topic has recently received a great deal of attention.
• The Defense Science Board Task Force Report on Military Software issued in 1987
highlighted the concern that traditional software process models were discouraging
more effective approaches to software development such as prototyping and software
reuse. The Computer Society has sponsored tutorials and workshops on software
process models that have helped clarify many of the issues and stimulated advances in
the field (see “Further Reading”).
• The spiral model presented in this article is one candidate for improving the software
process model situation. The major distinguishing feature of the spiral model is that it
creates a risk-driven approach to the software process rather than a primarily
document-driven or code-driven process. It incorporates many of the strengths of other
models and resolves many of their difficulties.
• This article opens with a short description of software process models and the issues
they address. Subsequent sections outline the process steps involved in the spiral
model; illustrate the application of the spiral model to a software project, using the
TRW Software Productivity Project as an example; summarize the primary advantages
and implications involved in using the spiral model and the primary difficulties in using
it at its current incomplete level of elaboration; and present resulting conclusions.”
49. Background
• The primary functions of a software process
model are to determine the order of the
stages involved in software development and
evolution and to establish the transition
criteria for progressing from one stage to the
next.
50. Background
• Thus the key questions that a process model
must consider are:
1) What shall we do next?
2) How long shall we continue to do it?
51. Background
• Problems with the Waterfall Model
• It emphasises fully elaborated documents as a
completion criteria for the stages. This may
not be always desirable, for example, for end-
user applications a large amount of
documentation is not necessarily desirable or
needed.
52. The Spiral Model
• The spiral model of the software process has
been evolving for several years, based on
experience with various refinements of the
waterfall model as applied to large
government software projects.
53.
54. The Spiral Model
• The radial dimension represents the cumulative
cost incurred in accomplishing the steps to date;
the angular dimension represents the progress
made in completing each cycle of the spiral.
• The model reflects the underlying concept that
each cycle involves a progression that addresses
the same sequence of steps, for each portion of
the product and for each of its levels of
elaboration, from an overall concept of operation
document down to the coding of each individual
program.
58. The Spiral Model
• A typical cycle of the spiral. Each cycle of the
spiral begins with the identification of
– the objectives of the portion of the product being
elaborated (performance, functionality, ability to
accommodate change, etc.);
– the alternative means of implementing this
portion of the product (design A , design
B, reuse, buy, etc.); and
– the constraints imposed on the application of the
alternatives (cost, schedule, inter-face, etc.).
62. The Spiral Model
• The next step is to evaluate the alternatives relative to
the objectives and constraints.
• Frequently, this process will identify areas of
uncertainty that are significant sources of project risk.
• If so, the next step should involve the formulation of a
cost-effective strategy for resolving the sources of risk.
• This may involve prototyping, simulation,
benchmarking, reference checking, administering user
questionnaires, analytic modelling, or combinations of
these and other risk resolution techniques.
66. The Spiral Model
• Once the risks are evaluated, the next step is
determined by the relative remaining risks.
• If performance or user-interface risks strongly
dominate program development or internal
interface-control risks, the next step may be an
evolutionary development one: a minimal effort
to specify the overall nature of the product, a
plan for the next level of prototyping, and the
development of a more detailed prototype to
continue to resolve the major risk issues.
70. The Spiral Model
• If this prototype is operationally useful and robust enough to serve
as a low-risk base for future product evolution, the subsequent risk-
driven steps would be the evolving series of evolutionary
prototypes going toward the right of the figure.
• In this case, the option of writing specifications would be addressed
but not exercised. Thus, risk considerations can lead to a project
implementing only a subset of all the potential steps in the model.
• On the other hand, if previous prototyping efforts have already
resolved all of the performance or user-interface risks, and program
development or interface-control risks dominate, the next step
follows the basic waterfall approach (concept of operation, soft-
ware requirements, preliminary design, etc.), modified as
appropriate to incorporate incremental development.
• Each level of software specification in the figure is then followed by
a validation step and the preparation of plans for the succeeding
cycle.
74. The Relationship of System
Engineering to the Project Cycle
by
Kevin Forsberg and Harold Mooz
75. Reference
• Forsberg, K., Mooz, H., 1991, "The
Relationship of System Engineering to the
Project Cycle", Chattanooga, Tennessee:
Proceedings of the National Council for
Systems Engineering (NCOSE) Conference, pp.
57–65.
76. Abstract
• “A new way of portraying the technical aspect of the
project cycle clarifies the role and responsibility of
system engineering to a project. This new three
dimensional graphic illustrates the end-to-end
involvement of system engineering in the project
cycle, clarifies the relationship of system engineering
and design engineering, and encourages the
implementation of concurrent engineering.”
77. Introduction
• The Waterfall Model
has a deficiency in that
it implies that the work
downstream cannot
begin until the
upstream major reviews
have occurred.
78. Introduction
• The Spiral Model is
better since it ensures
prototyping occurs
earlier, but the role of
software engineering in
the overall process is
unclear.
79. The “Vee” Model
• Start with the user needs on the upper
right, and ending with a user-validated system
on the upper right.
80.
81. Detailed Discussion of
the “Vee” Model
• Start with the user needs on the upper right,
and ending with a user-validated system on
the upper right.
82. Detailed Discussion of
the “Vee” Model
• As project development progresses, a series of six baselines are
established to systematically manage cohesive system development:
– The first is the “User Requirements Baseline” established by the System
Requirement Document approved and put under Configuration Management
prior to the System Requirements Review.
– The second is the “Concept Baseline” established by the Concept Definition
section of the Integrated Program Summary document at the System
Requirements Review.
– The third is the “System Performance Baseline” (or Development Baseline)
established by the System Performance Specification at the System Design
Review.
– The fourth is the “‘Design-To’ Baseline” (or Allocated Baseline) established at
the series of Preliminary Design Reviews.
– The fifth is the “‘Build-To’ Baseline” (or preliminary Product Baseline)
established at the series of Critical Design Reviews.
– The sixth is the “‘As-Built’ Baseline” (or Production Baseline) established at the
series of Formal Qualification Reviews (FQRs). Each of the baselines is put
under formal Configuration Management at the time they are approved.
83. Detailed Discussion of
the “Vee” Model
• Incremental Development
• If the User Requirements are too vague to permit
final definition at Preliminary Design Review, one
approach is to develop the project in
predetermined incremental releases.
• The first release is focused on meeting a
minimum set of User Requirements, with
subsequent releases providing added
functionality and performance. This is a common
approach in software development.
84. Detailed Discussion of
the “Vee” Model
• Concurrent Engineering
• If high iteration with User Requirements is
required after the System Design Review (SDR), it
is probable that the project has passed early
Control Gates prematurely, and it is not
sufficiently defined.
• One cause of premature advance is that the
appropriate technical experts were not involved
at early stages, resulting in acceptance of
requirements and design concepts which cannot
be built, inspected, and/or maintained.
89. James Martin
• Born in 1933.
• Born in Ashby,
Leicestershire
• a British Information
Technology consultant
and author, who was
nominated for a Pulitzer
prize for his book, The
Wired Society: A
Challenge for Tomorrow
(1977).
90. Rapid Application Development
• Rapid Application Development
– 1. Joint Requirements Planning (JRP)
– 2. Joint Application Design (JAD)
– 3. Construction
• Heavy use of tools: code generators
• Time-boxed; many prototypes
– 4. Cutover
• Good for systems with extensive user input available
93. Rapid Application Development
• RAD is a way to deliver systems very fast
– The longer a project, the greater its likelihood of failure
• It is a lightweight approach
• Uses proven technology effectively
• Make the solution fit within the capabilities of the tools
(hammer?)
• RAD is not Quick and Dirty with a thin veneer of discipline
• RAD operates where the 80 / 20 rule applies
• RAD can’t be used in all situations
95. Manifesto for Agile Software
Development
by
Kent Beck James Grenning Robert C. Martin
Mike Beedle Jim Highsmith Steve Mellor
Arie van Bennekum Andrew Hunt Ken Schwaber
Alistair Cockburn Ron Jeffries Jeff Sutherland
Ward Cunningham Jon Kern Dave Thomas
Martin Fowler Brian Marick
96. Reference
• Beck, K. et al., 2001, "Manifesto for Agile
Software Development“, Agile Alliance.
97. Background
• In February 2001, 17 software developers met at
the Snowbird, Utah resort, to discuss lightweight
development methods.
• They published the Manifesto for Agile Software
Development to define the approach now known
as agile software development.
• Some of the manifesto's authors formed the Agile
Alliance, a non-profit organization that promotes
software development according to the
manifesto's principles.
98. Manifesto for Agile Software Development
We are uncovering better ways of developing
software by doing it and helping others do it.
Through this work we have come to value:
Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
Working software over comprehensive documentation
Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
Responding to change over following a plan
That is, while there is value in the items on
the right, we value the items on the left more.
99. Agile Methods
• Well-known agile software development methods
include:
– Agile Modelling
– Agile Unified Process (AUP)
– Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM)
– Essential Unified Process (EssUP)
– Extreme Programming (XP)
– Feature Driven Development (FDD)
– Open Unified Process (OpenUP)
– Scrum
– Velocity tracking