A New Socio-economic Status Scale: urgent Need of Hour-Almost all community- based studies focus on socio-economic stratification, which is the key parameter for proper understanding the affordability of the community of health services. But nowadays in the era of changing social prestige parameters with debt from financing agencies should be considered in scaling socio-economic condition. So there is an urgent need to have socio-economic scaling reinvent considering new areas of socio-economic status. Present study was aimed to compare the different socio-economic status scales prevalent with Gaur’s socio-economic scale. Variables of 240 Antenatal cases were recorded along with the variables as per B.G. Prasad’s, Kupuswami’s and Gaur’s SES classification. Proportion of cases falling in various category of SES status as per all these SES Scaling was assessed and compared. It was found that as per B.G. Prasad SES classification there was 79.58% in class I, which is unbelievable. Whereas as per Gaur’s SES scaling there were 0.83% in Class I which is quite reasonable. Likewise, as per Kuppuswami SES Scale there were 46.67% in Class I, which is also not appropriate for ANCs attending at Government setting. Proportion of ANCs in various Classes as per B.G. Prasad SES and Kuppuswami SES Scale with Gaur’s SES scale was with significant (P<0.001) difference. Socio-economic scaling need to consider other variable like Housing Condition, Living Status, Percentage of Income Expenditure and Debt to asset Ratio (as in Gaur’s SES Scaling) along with Income, Education and Occupation.
A Study on Relationship between Achievement Motivation and Academic Achieveme...ijtsrd
The aim of this longitudinal study was to Relationship between Achievement Motivation and Academic Achievement in English among High School Students. A sample of 300 students participated in the study. Results of structural equation modeling showed that mastery goals approach and avoidance were indirect predictors of both behavioral and cognitive engagement through seeking help from teachers. Performance goals avoidance, but not approach orientation were associated with cognitive engagement through help seeking behaviors. Overall, these results suggest that achievement goals are key drivers of changes in academic engagement in early high school and that their contribution is explained by seeking help from teachers. Practical implications, limitations, and future research directions are discussed. Mr. CP. Senthil Kumar | Dr. T. Sangeetha ""A Study on Relationship between Achievement Motivation and Academic Achievement in English among High School Students"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25141.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/25141/a-study-on-relationship-between-achievement-motivation-and-academic-achievement-in-english-among-high-school-students/mr-cp-senthil-kumar
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This document discusses two diseases caused by nutritional deficiencies: Marasmus and Kwashiorkor. Marasmus is caused by deficiency of protein and energy and occurs in children under 1 year old. It is more common where breastfeeding stops early. The child appears emaciated with wasting of muscles evident. Kwashiorkor is caused by protein deficiency alone and occurs in children 1-5 years old. It is more common in rural areas with short gaps between pregnancies. Swelling of the body is seen due to fluid retention, and the skin changes color and becomes scaly.
A Study On Psychological Variables On Women Sports Participation Levels In Un...IOSR Journals
Abstract: This research is to examine whether the psychological variable on women have any impact on
women’s sports participation between Anna and Pondicherry Universities at different levels. The subject were
(was) randomly selected from Anna University in Tamil Nadu State (300 Players) and Pondicherry University
(Central University) in Puducherry State (300 Players), India. The selected subjects were with a brief
questionnaire, to find out their level of sports participation, anxiety, aggression and stress. Data obtained were
subjected to find out statistical significance among the means using 3 (levels – Zonal, Inter – Zonal and
University participations) X 2 (University – Anna and Pondicherry) Factorial analysis. The result proved that
there were significant differences in selected psychological factors of the different level of women sports
players. There was no significant difference in stress at different levels. There was no significant difference
between the Anna and Pondicherry in anxiety, aggression and stress of the women sports players. It was
concluded that anxiety, aggression, and stress play a vital role in the participation level of women players.
Key Worlds: Different Level of Players, Women Sports Participation, University, Anxiety, Aggression and
Stress
Coping Strategies among Youth of Professional Collegesijtsrd
The document summarizes a study on coping strategies among medical and engineering students in Kolhapur, India. The study found that medical students have higher coping abilities than engineering students. Gender, family income, and family type did not have a significant relationship with coping strategies. Only academic stream (medical vs. engineering) had a significant influence on coping strategies. The study assessed coping strategies using the COPE inventory scale and found that positive reinterpretation was the highest used strategy, while substance use was the lowest. The study concluded there is a need for stress management programs and counseling support for all students.
Abstract— Elderly population is increasing due to demographic shift in favor of geriatric population. This age group is susceptible for many acute and chronic health problems which may lead to limitation daily activities of life. Study of acute and chronic health problems with limitation daily activities of life of this population is required to frame comprehensive policies to make ageing a comfortable experience. So this cross-sectional period prevalence study was carried out from September 2009 to August 2010 on 1620 elderly residing in Municipal corporation area of Jaipur city with the aim to study episodes of acute health problems within last one month and limitation daily activities of life within last years of this population of elderly population. Study population consist of 1620 elderly with M:F ratio 0.95. Mean age of elderly was 66.08 years with slight female predominance i.e. 1048 females for 1000 males in Jaipur city. It can be concluded from 41.6% of elderly were having difficulty in performing activity of daily living and this difficulty was found more in females that males and in older ages. It was also revealed that 44.37 of elderly had one or more episodes of acute illness in last one month. These number of episodes of acute illness in last one month was found more in males and in older age groups.
This document summarizes a study that assessed the stability of 20 wheat genotypes grown in 40 environments in Pakistan using nonparametric methods. The data exhibited severe heterogeneity and violated assumptions of normality and homogeneity of variances required for parametric analyses. Nonparametric stability methods were applied that are robust to these assumption violations. The modified rank-sum method identified genotypes G7, G3, G15, G5 and G12 as most stable and high yielding, while G14 and G19 were least stable. Nonparametric methods provided a justified alternative for analyzing genotype-environment interactions in this heteroscedastic and non-normal data.
This document summarizes a study that examined emotional labor in university lecturers. The study found that university lecturers reported significantly higher levels of emotional labor than norms from other occupations. Age and length of service were also found to be significant factors. Qualitative findings identified increased workloads, eroding autonomy, uncertainty about the future, and decreased job satisfaction as main themes. The study proposed a conceptual model called the Higher Education Emotional Labor Model to describe emotional labor in higher education. It concluded that university management should recognize high emotional labor levels in lecturers.
A Study on Relationship between Achievement Motivation and Academic Achieveme...ijtsrd
The aim of this longitudinal study was to Relationship between Achievement Motivation and Academic Achievement in English among High School Students. A sample of 300 students participated in the study. Results of structural equation modeling showed that mastery goals approach and avoidance were indirect predictors of both behavioral and cognitive engagement through seeking help from teachers. Performance goals avoidance, but not approach orientation were associated with cognitive engagement through help seeking behaviors. Overall, these results suggest that achievement goals are key drivers of changes in academic engagement in early high school and that their contribution is explained by seeking help from teachers. Practical implications, limitations, and future research directions are discussed. Mr. CP. Senthil Kumar | Dr. T. Sangeetha ""A Study on Relationship between Achievement Motivation and Academic Achievement in English among High School Students"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25141.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/25141/a-study-on-relationship-between-achievement-motivation-and-academic-achievement-in-english-among-high-school-students/mr-cp-senthil-kumar
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This document discusses two diseases caused by nutritional deficiencies: Marasmus and Kwashiorkor. Marasmus is caused by deficiency of protein and energy and occurs in children under 1 year old. It is more common where breastfeeding stops early. The child appears emaciated with wasting of muscles evident. Kwashiorkor is caused by protein deficiency alone and occurs in children 1-5 years old. It is more common in rural areas with short gaps between pregnancies. Swelling of the body is seen due to fluid retention, and the skin changes color and becomes scaly.
A Study On Psychological Variables On Women Sports Participation Levels In Un...IOSR Journals
Abstract: This research is to examine whether the psychological variable on women have any impact on
women’s sports participation between Anna and Pondicherry Universities at different levels. The subject were
(was) randomly selected from Anna University in Tamil Nadu State (300 Players) and Pondicherry University
(Central University) in Puducherry State (300 Players), India. The selected subjects were with a brief
questionnaire, to find out their level of sports participation, anxiety, aggression and stress. Data obtained were
subjected to find out statistical significance among the means using 3 (levels – Zonal, Inter – Zonal and
University participations) X 2 (University – Anna and Pondicherry) Factorial analysis. The result proved that
there were significant differences in selected psychological factors of the different level of women sports
players. There was no significant difference in stress at different levels. There was no significant difference
between the Anna and Pondicherry in anxiety, aggression and stress of the women sports players. It was
concluded that anxiety, aggression, and stress play a vital role in the participation level of women players.
Key Worlds: Different Level of Players, Women Sports Participation, University, Anxiety, Aggression and
Stress
Coping Strategies among Youth of Professional Collegesijtsrd
The document summarizes a study on coping strategies among medical and engineering students in Kolhapur, India. The study found that medical students have higher coping abilities than engineering students. Gender, family income, and family type did not have a significant relationship with coping strategies. Only academic stream (medical vs. engineering) had a significant influence on coping strategies. The study assessed coping strategies using the COPE inventory scale and found that positive reinterpretation was the highest used strategy, while substance use was the lowest. The study concluded there is a need for stress management programs and counseling support for all students.
Abstract— Elderly population is increasing due to demographic shift in favor of geriatric population. This age group is susceptible for many acute and chronic health problems which may lead to limitation daily activities of life. Study of acute and chronic health problems with limitation daily activities of life of this population is required to frame comprehensive policies to make ageing a comfortable experience. So this cross-sectional period prevalence study was carried out from September 2009 to August 2010 on 1620 elderly residing in Municipal corporation area of Jaipur city with the aim to study episodes of acute health problems within last one month and limitation daily activities of life within last years of this population of elderly population. Study population consist of 1620 elderly with M:F ratio 0.95. Mean age of elderly was 66.08 years with slight female predominance i.e. 1048 females for 1000 males in Jaipur city. It can be concluded from 41.6% of elderly were having difficulty in performing activity of daily living and this difficulty was found more in females that males and in older ages. It was also revealed that 44.37 of elderly had one or more episodes of acute illness in last one month. These number of episodes of acute illness in last one month was found more in males and in older age groups.
This document summarizes a study that assessed the stability of 20 wheat genotypes grown in 40 environments in Pakistan using nonparametric methods. The data exhibited severe heterogeneity and violated assumptions of normality and homogeneity of variances required for parametric analyses. Nonparametric stability methods were applied that are robust to these assumption violations. The modified rank-sum method identified genotypes G7, G3, G15, G5 and G12 as most stable and high yielding, while G14 and G19 were least stable. Nonparametric methods provided a justified alternative for analyzing genotype-environment interactions in this heteroscedastic and non-normal data.
This document summarizes a study that examined emotional labor in university lecturers. The study found that university lecturers reported significantly higher levels of emotional labor than norms from other occupations. Age and length of service were also found to be significant factors. Qualitative findings identified increased workloads, eroding autonomy, uncertainty about the future, and decreased job satisfaction as main themes. The study proposed a conceptual model called the Higher Education Emotional Labor Model to describe emotional labor in higher education. It concluded that university management should recognize high emotional labor levels in lecturers.
Marginal Regression for a Bi-variate Response with Diabetes Mellitus Studytheijes
In this paper, we have developed an “A Bivariate response” model to determine for „A Diabetic Mellitus‟ Study affects large number of people of all social conditions throughout the world. Continuous to grow despite of existing advances in the past few years in virtually every fled of diabetes research and in-protect care for improved treatment. This is sometimes accompanied by symptoms of serve thirst. Profuse urination, weight loss and stopper. We tested by SPSS software by taking 200 samples and using Logistic Regression to estimate the relationship between the response probability whether a diabetic patient had B.P. or not.
1. The document analyzes the impact of locus of control and sex on stress levels of male and female teachers.
2. It finds that teachers with an internal locus of control experienced significantly less stress than those with an external locus of control, suggesting locus of control affects teacher stress.
3. Female teachers reported significantly higher stress levels than male teachers, indicating sex is also a factor influencing teacher stress.
4. However, there was no significant interaction found between a teacher's locus of control and their sex, meaning a teacher's stress level is not compounded or mitigated based on a combined effect of these variables.
This document summarizes and analyzes previous research on the relationship between education, health, and employment in Pakistan. It discusses six studies that examined the impact of factors like gender, education levels, health status, and health insurance on labor force participation and employment outcomes. The current study aims to further analyze the long-term and short-term effects of education, health expenditures, and other variables on employment in Pakistan using time series data from 1972 to 2010 and cointegration analysis methods like Johansen cointegration tests and vector error correction models. It highlights the importance of increasing education spending, enrollment rates, and health sector funding to promote employment in Pakistan.
—In many cultures in India, womanhood is defined through motherhood and infertile women usually carry the blame for the couple inability to conceive. A childless woman is stigmatized and sometimes not allowed to participate in various auspicious ceremonies, particularly those involving childbirth. The present study was undertaken in S.M.S. Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan to find out the factors contributing to infertility and the health seeking behavior of infertile women. A hospital based observational study was carried out in year 2017 on eligible women attending OPD of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Mahila Chikitsalaya, S.M.S. Medical College Jaipur. A total 1000 eligible women were recruited using systematic random sampling and interviewed using a predesigned and pretested questionnaire. A total of 119 women (11.9%) were found to be infertile. Age of women, caste, residence, education status of women, occupation, family size and socioeconomic status were found to be significantly associated with infertility (P<0.05). Lower age of women, OBC caste, urban residence, less family size, lesser education status of women, housewives and middle socioeconomic status were found to have significantly more infertile females than their counterparts. Age of women, type of family and religion were not found to be associated with infertility (P >0.05). Improving awareness about infertility and its management could help reduce the burden and its social implications.
The study examined constraints faced by 150 respondents in adopting recommended agricultural practices through Agricultural Polyclinics in Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The top two constraints reported were lack of financial support from the polyclinics and lack of training or demonstrations on high-tech agriculture methods. Over half of respondents also reported constraints like unavailability of vermicompost/vermiculture, scarcity of irrigation, and inadequate soil/water testing by polyclinics. The study provides insight into challenges faced by farmers in adopting new technologies promoted by agricultural extension programs.
This document contains the resume of V.CHRISTOPHER AMALRAJ, who has 12 years of experience as an Assistant Professor in Biostatistics. He holds a Ph.D. in Statistics from SRM University and has published several papers in his areas of research interest which include biostatistics, spatial statistics, and epidemiology. He has over 11 years of experience teaching biostatistics and research methodology to medical and paramedical students at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. He is proficient in statistical software packages like SPSS, SAS, R and Epi-Info.
Abstract—Epidemiological study of Rivers State University of Science and Technology Port Harcourt, Nigeria was carried out to identify the morbidity pattern in the University community in order to establish the current health status and trends. This study utilized secondary morbidity data sourced from Health Services Department. Data on staff mortality were obtained from the Personnel/Establishment Division. Methods employed for data collection were health records survey and data collection sheets. Morbidity information required were date, sex, age, department, card number and diagnosis of each case. Information required for each mortality case was date, sex, age, department, salary level and the cause of death. Of all cases of morbidity, communicable diseases comprised 17.5%; non-communicable diseases 24.1%, generalized disease symptoms 55.2% and others 3.2%. The study revealed that the leading causes of morbidity in the University were fever/headache/cold (36.9%), hypertension (13.6%), generalized body pain (7.5%), abdominal pain/vomiting (6.7%) and diabetes (4.9%). Hypertension emerged the second major cause of morbidity among the staff and males had higher rate of morbidity compared to females. It was also concluded that although mortality was increasing with time but there was no sex wise significant difference in mortality trend. It was recommended among others that Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension being silent killers should be monitored regularly within the University community. Also the current practice of manual data entry should be replaced with computerized data system for better health records management.
Abstract— Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses a great risk to burn patients with potential to cause significant morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of MRSA and its susceptibility, in burn wound infection/colonization in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India. A retrospective study was conducted among patients admitted in burn ward of our hospital, between January to December 2012. All the patients irrespective of age, sex, duration of hospital stay, percentage and degree of burn were included in our study. Wound swabs from 1294 patients hospitalized in burn ward were analysed for bacteriological examination. Swabs were inoculated on Blood agar, MacConkey agar and Brain heart infusion broth. Isolates were examined for colony characteristics, Gram staining and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by modified Stokes disc diffusion method. Detection of MRSA was done by cefoxitin (30g) disc diffusion method. Among the Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) isolates, 56.7% (80/141) were found to be MRSA while 43.3% (61/141) were Methicillin Susceptible S.aureus (MSSA). All the MRSA isolates were resistant to penicillin, cephalexin and cefazolin. Resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, amikacin, rifampicin, chloramphenicol was found to be 74%, 97.4%, 96%, 100%, 97.4%, 84.6%, 11.5%, 10.3%. All MRSA isolates were found to be sensitive to vancomycin and teicoplanin while 1.3% were resistant to linezolid. Although survival rates for burn patients have improved substantially over the years, nosocomial infections still remain a major challenge in burn care. This concludes that there is high prevalence of nosocomial infections specially the presence of multidrug resistant bacteria like Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among burn patients suggest continuous surveillance of burn wound infections and development and stringent implementation of antibiotic policy.
Mairi Aitken is seeking new employment opportunities. She has over 10 years of experience in hospitality roles including as a restaurant and bar supervisor, food and beverage assistant, and barmaid. Her experience spans positions in London, Sydney, New Zealand, and North Yorkshire. She has strong customer service skills and the ability to work well independently or as part of a team.
Association of Treatment Outcome of Tuberculosis with type of Category of Tuberculosis-Tuberculosis is the third major cause of adult mortality i.e. 15-59 years of age group on which the nation’s economy depended on. In treatment of tuberculosis, failure of treatment and defaulters of treatment are the main hurdles. So this study was carried out with the aim to find out association of treatment outcome with category of case and diagnosed in various four quarters of year. For the study purpose 160 case sheets of tuberculosis patients attended at District Tuberculosis Centre, Jaipur were taken, by identify 40 cases randomly from each of four quarter. Chi-square test was used to find out association. It was found in this study that maximum cases were of category II followed by I and II. Cure rate was found 44.38% with maximum in category III (60.42%). Defaulter rate was found 32.5% with maximum in category II (35.48%). Failure rate was found 9.38% with maximum in category I(14%). And Case Fatality Rate was found 32.5% with maximum in category II(20.97%).This variation in treatment outcome was found significantly associated for Cure rate and CFR not for Defaulter and Failure rate.
Papillary Hidradenoma is a rare benign tumor of apocrine glands. Very limited number of case reports are available in the literature detailing the cytological features of papillary hidradenoma. Such a rare case specimen came in notice here at Pathology Department of SMS Medical College, Jaipur (Raj.) India. So, one such a rare case of papillary hidradenoma was explored with its cytological findings. A 30 year old female presented with a vulval cyst. Fluid from this cyst was sent for cytology with a clinical diagnosis of Bartholin cyst. The cytology suggested it to be a benign adnexal tumour by the presence of Biphasic pattern of cell arrangement which was further confirmed histologically. So whenever an middle aged female presents with a nodular lesion in the anogenital area, hidradenoma papilliferum should be kept in mind along with other conditions.
The document shows a breakdown of students across gender and subject areas, with 4 females and 4 males total, and the subjects being science and liberal arts. Science has 3 females and 4 males enrolled, while liberal arts has 2 females and 3 males.
Abstract—Myiasis is a rare disease by developing larvae (Maggots) of a variety of fly species within the arthropod order Diptera. Recognition and Management of Myiasis are demanding. Herein we present a 7-months-old Saudi girl presented with multiple skin lesions over her body, clinical diagnosis of skin abscess was made initially. Incision revealed multiple maggots coming from the incision wounds, the larva was extracted and the clean dressing was done. Patient showing complete recovered skin infection. Cutaneous Myiasis is a devastating presentation of a variety of fly species that should be considered in the appropriate clinical setting and recent traveling to the suspicious area.
Abstract— Season seems to have its role in wound infection which is the second commonest nosocomial infection and most troublesome disorder of wound healing. This study was carried out on 100 post-operative cases of Surgical Unit 1st of General Surgery Department of Sawai Man Singh Hospital, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India in years 2014. This study aimed to find out the seasonal trend in Post-operative wound infections (PSI). After interview of these, swab from post-operative wound was taken and sent for culture and sensitivity test in Microbiology. Results were inferred by Chi-square test. In this study, post-operative wound infection rate was found 21%. In majority of cases, causative agent found in post-operative infected wound was Staphylococci (90.48%) followed with Streptococci, E. Coli, Klebsella and Pseudomonas. Maximum cases were found in April followed by March, January and none was found in other months but this variation was not found significant.
Abstract— Bronchial Asthma is a public health problem in childhood. Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is a very common co-morbidity with Bronchial Asthma. So this study was conducted on 250 Primary School Children to find prevalence of Bronchial asthma and Allergic Rhinitis and their association. It was observed from this study that 17.2% of children were having Bronchial asthma and 20.4% were found to have allergic Rhinitis. Co morbidity of Bronchial Asthma with Allergic Rhinitis was observed in 11.6 % of these cases. It was also observed that Bronchial Asthma was observed significantly more in males than females and children of walled city than outer city. So it was concluded form this study that chances of occurring Allergic Rhinitis is significantly more with Bronchial Asthma than the chances of Bronchial Asthma with Allergic Rhinitis
This document summarizes a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in Kashmir, India that examined hepatitis B knowledge and vaccination status among the local population aged 18 and older. The study found that only 10.2% of participants had heard of hepatitis B prior to the study. Of those aware, 37.6% knew modes of transmission but knowledge of prevention methods was lower. Just 2% of participants had received the hepatitis B vaccine, with only 27% of those completing all three doses. Given these low levels of knowledge and vaccination, the study concludes there is a need for public health education campaigns in Kashmir to increase awareness and prevention of hepatitis B.
Abstract—
Purpose: To evaluate the morphological changes of the Meibomian glands in patients with evaporative “dry eye” compared to normal subjects by in vivo laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). To correlate these changes to the clinical observations and tear functions.
Methods: The study was based on trans-tarsal images of 30 normal and 30 diseased lids (patients with subjective complaints and objective symptoms of evaporative “dry eye”). Each participant was examined by in vivo LSCM (HRT3 Rostock corneal module). The results were compared to histological findings of normal or pathologically changed Meibomian glands.
Results: Patients with evaporative “dry eye” presented with destructive changes of the Meibomian glands as follows: occlusion of the lumen, impaired morphology of the acines, lack of normal structure and infiltration with inflammatory cells. Reported ocular surface and tear function abnormalities were correlated to the Meibomian glands dysfunction (MGD). In all cases the lid hygiene and anti-inflammatory treatment demonstrated tendency to restoration of the structure.
Cоnclusion: In vivo LSCM can effectively demonstrate the morphological changes of the Meibomian glands in patients with evaporative dry eye symptoms. This noninvasive technology is useful as a supplementary diagnostic tool for in vivo assessment of the histopathology of many ocular surface disorders and monitoring of the therapeutic effect in patients with MGD. Glandular acinar density and acinar unit diameter seemed to be promising new parameters of Meibomian glands in vivo confocal microscopy. The examination has the potential to change the evaporative dry eye treatment approach
Abstract—Dermatitis artefacta is a self-inflicted dermatologic injury with underlying primary psychiatric condition. Precipitating factors ranges from simple anxiety to interpersonal conflicts and several personality disorders including obsessive compulsive disorder, depression and psychotic disturbances. The diagnosis of this entity is often missed. Herein, we are reporting a case of dermatitis artefacta with description of its various manifestations.
Marginal Regression for a Bi-variate Response with Diabetes Mellitus Studytheijes
In this paper, we have developed an “A Bivariate response” model to determine for „A Diabetic Mellitus‟ Study affects large number of people of all social conditions throughout the world. Continuous to grow despite of existing advances in the past few years in virtually every fled of diabetes research and in-protect care for improved treatment. This is sometimes accompanied by symptoms of serve thirst. Profuse urination, weight loss and stopper. We tested by SPSS software by taking 200 samples and using Logistic Regression to estimate the relationship between the response probability whether a diabetic patient had B.P. or not.
1. The document analyzes the impact of locus of control and sex on stress levels of male and female teachers.
2. It finds that teachers with an internal locus of control experienced significantly less stress than those with an external locus of control, suggesting locus of control affects teacher stress.
3. Female teachers reported significantly higher stress levels than male teachers, indicating sex is also a factor influencing teacher stress.
4. However, there was no significant interaction found between a teacher's locus of control and their sex, meaning a teacher's stress level is not compounded or mitigated based on a combined effect of these variables.
This document summarizes and analyzes previous research on the relationship between education, health, and employment in Pakistan. It discusses six studies that examined the impact of factors like gender, education levels, health status, and health insurance on labor force participation and employment outcomes. The current study aims to further analyze the long-term and short-term effects of education, health expenditures, and other variables on employment in Pakistan using time series data from 1972 to 2010 and cointegration analysis methods like Johansen cointegration tests and vector error correction models. It highlights the importance of increasing education spending, enrollment rates, and health sector funding to promote employment in Pakistan.
—In many cultures in India, womanhood is defined through motherhood and infertile women usually carry the blame for the couple inability to conceive. A childless woman is stigmatized and sometimes not allowed to participate in various auspicious ceremonies, particularly those involving childbirth. The present study was undertaken in S.M.S. Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan to find out the factors contributing to infertility and the health seeking behavior of infertile women. A hospital based observational study was carried out in year 2017 on eligible women attending OPD of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Mahila Chikitsalaya, S.M.S. Medical College Jaipur. A total 1000 eligible women were recruited using systematic random sampling and interviewed using a predesigned and pretested questionnaire. A total of 119 women (11.9%) were found to be infertile. Age of women, caste, residence, education status of women, occupation, family size and socioeconomic status were found to be significantly associated with infertility (P<0.05). Lower age of women, OBC caste, urban residence, less family size, lesser education status of women, housewives and middle socioeconomic status were found to have significantly more infertile females than their counterparts. Age of women, type of family and religion were not found to be associated with infertility (P >0.05). Improving awareness about infertility and its management could help reduce the burden and its social implications.
The study examined constraints faced by 150 respondents in adopting recommended agricultural practices through Agricultural Polyclinics in Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The top two constraints reported were lack of financial support from the polyclinics and lack of training or demonstrations on high-tech agriculture methods. Over half of respondents also reported constraints like unavailability of vermicompost/vermiculture, scarcity of irrigation, and inadequate soil/water testing by polyclinics. The study provides insight into challenges faced by farmers in adopting new technologies promoted by agricultural extension programs.
This document contains the resume of V.CHRISTOPHER AMALRAJ, who has 12 years of experience as an Assistant Professor in Biostatistics. He holds a Ph.D. in Statistics from SRM University and has published several papers in his areas of research interest which include biostatistics, spatial statistics, and epidemiology. He has over 11 years of experience teaching biostatistics and research methodology to medical and paramedical students at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. He is proficient in statistical software packages like SPSS, SAS, R and Epi-Info.
Abstract—Epidemiological study of Rivers State University of Science and Technology Port Harcourt, Nigeria was carried out to identify the morbidity pattern in the University community in order to establish the current health status and trends. This study utilized secondary morbidity data sourced from Health Services Department. Data on staff mortality were obtained from the Personnel/Establishment Division. Methods employed for data collection were health records survey and data collection sheets. Morbidity information required were date, sex, age, department, card number and diagnosis of each case. Information required for each mortality case was date, sex, age, department, salary level and the cause of death. Of all cases of morbidity, communicable diseases comprised 17.5%; non-communicable diseases 24.1%, generalized disease symptoms 55.2% and others 3.2%. The study revealed that the leading causes of morbidity in the University were fever/headache/cold (36.9%), hypertension (13.6%), generalized body pain (7.5%), abdominal pain/vomiting (6.7%) and diabetes (4.9%). Hypertension emerged the second major cause of morbidity among the staff and males had higher rate of morbidity compared to females. It was also concluded that although mortality was increasing with time but there was no sex wise significant difference in mortality trend. It was recommended among others that Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension being silent killers should be monitored regularly within the University community. Also the current practice of manual data entry should be replaced with computerized data system for better health records management.
Abstract— Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses a great risk to burn patients with potential to cause significant morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of MRSA and its susceptibility, in burn wound infection/colonization in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India. A retrospective study was conducted among patients admitted in burn ward of our hospital, between January to December 2012. All the patients irrespective of age, sex, duration of hospital stay, percentage and degree of burn were included in our study. Wound swabs from 1294 patients hospitalized in burn ward were analysed for bacteriological examination. Swabs were inoculated on Blood agar, MacConkey agar and Brain heart infusion broth. Isolates were examined for colony characteristics, Gram staining and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by modified Stokes disc diffusion method. Detection of MRSA was done by cefoxitin (30g) disc diffusion method. Among the Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) isolates, 56.7% (80/141) were found to be MRSA while 43.3% (61/141) were Methicillin Susceptible S.aureus (MSSA). All the MRSA isolates were resistant to penicillin, cephalexin and cefazolin. Resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, amikacin, rifampicin, chloramphenicol was found to be 74%, 97.4%, 96%, 100%, 97.4%, 84.6%, 11.5%, 10.3%. All MRSA isolates were found to be sensitive to vancomycin and teicoplanin while 1.3% were resistant to linezolid. Although survival rates for burn patients have improved substantially over the years, nosocomial infections still remain a major challenge in burn care. This concludes that there is high prevalence of nosocomial infections specially the presence of multidrug resistant bacteria like Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among burn patients suggest continuous surveillance of burn wound infections and development and stringent implementation of antibiotic policy.
Mairi Aitken is seeking new employment opportunities. She has over 10 years of experience in hospitality roles including as a restaurant and bar supervisor, food and beverage assistant, and barmaid. Her experience spans positions in London, Sydney, New Zealand, and North Yorkshire. She has strong customer service skills and the ability to work well independently or as part of a team.
Association of Treatment Outcome of Tuberculosis with type of Category of Tuberculosis-Tuberculosis is the third major cause of adult mortality i.e. 15-59 years of age group on which the nation’s economy depended on. In treatment of tuberculosis, failure of treatment and defaulters of treatment are the main hurdles. So this study was carried out with the aim to find out association of treatment outcome with category of case and diagnosed in various four quarters of year. For the study purpose 160 case sheets of tuberculosis patients attended at District Tuberculosis Centre, Jaipur were taken, by identify 40 cases randomly from each of four quarter. Chi-square test was used to find out association. It was found in this study that maximum cases were of category II followed by I and II. Cure rate was found 44.38% with maximum in category III (60.42%). Defaulter rate was found 32.5% with maximum in category II (35.48%). Failure rate was found 9.38% with maximum in category I(14%). And Case Fatality Rate was found 32.5% with maximum in category II(20.97%).This variation in treatment outcome was found significantly associated for Cure rate and CFR not for Defaulter and Failure rate.
Papillary Hidradenoma is a rare benign tumor of apocrine glands. Very limited number of case reports are available in the literature detailing the cytological features of papillary hidradenoma. Such a rare case specimen came in notice here at Pathology Department of SMS Medical College, Jaipur (Raj.) India. So, one such a rare case of papillary hidradenoma was explored with its cytological findings. A 30 year old female presented with a vulval cyst. Fluid from this cyst was sent for cytology with a clinical diagnosis of Bartholin cyst. The cytology suggested it to be a benign adnexal tumour by the presence of Biphasic pattern of cell arrangement which was further confirmed histologically. So whenever an middle aged female presents with a nodular lesion in the anogenital area, hidradenoma papilliferum should be kept in mind along with other conditions.
The document shows a breakdown of students across gender and subject areas, with 4 females and 4 males total, and the subjects being science and liberal arts. Science has 3 females and 4 males enrolled, while liberal arts has 2 females and 3 males.
Abstract—Myiasis is a rare disease by developing larvae (Maggots) of a variety of fly species within the arthropod order Diptera. Recognition and Management of Myiasis are demanding. Herein we present a 7-months-old Saudi girl presented with multiple skin lesions over her body, clinical diagnosis of skin abscess was made initially. Incision revealed multiple maggots coming from the incision wounds, the larva was extracted and the clean dressing was done. Patient showing complete recovered skin infection. Cutaneous Myiasis is a devastating presentation of a variety of fly species that should be considered in the appropriate clinical setting and recent traveling to the suspicious area.
Abstract— Season seems to have its role in wound infection which is the second commonest nosocomial infection and most troublesome disorder of wound healing. This study was carried out on 100 post-operative cases of Surgical Unit 1st of General Surgery Department of Sawai Man Singh Hospital, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India in years 2014. This study aimed to find out the seasonal trend in Post-operative wound infections (PSI). After interview of these, swab from post-operative wound was taken and sent for culture and sensitivity test in Microbiology. Results were inferred by Chi-square test. In this study, post-operative wound infection rate was found 21%. In majority of cases, causative agent found in post-operative infected wound was Staphylococci (90.48%) followed with Streptococci, E. Coli, Klebsella and Pseudomonas. Maximum cases were found in April followed by March, January and none was found in other months but this variation was not found significant.
Abstract— Bronchial Asthma is a public health problem in childhood. Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is a very common co-morbidity with Bronchial Asthma. So this study was conducted on 250 Primary School Children to find prevalence of Bronchial asthma and Allergic Rhinitis and their association. It was observed from this study that 17.2% of children were having Bronchial asthma and 20.4% were found to have allergic Rhinitis. Co morbidity of Bronchial Asthma with Allergic Rhinitis was observed in 11.6 % of these cases. It was also observed that Bronchial Asthma was observed significantly more in males than females and children of walled city than outer city. So it was concluded form this study that chances of occurring Allergic Rhinitis is significantly more with Bronchial Asthma than the chances of Bronchial Asthma with Allergic Rhinitis
This document summarizes a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in Kashmir, India that examined hepatitis B knowledge and vaccination status among the local population aged 18 and older. The study found that only 10.2% of participants had heard of hepatitis B prior to the study. Of those aware, 37.6% knew modes of transmission but knowledge of prevention methods was lower. Just 2% of participants had received the hepatitis B vaccine, with only 27% of those completing all three doses. Given these low levels of knowledge and vaccination, the study concludes there is a need for public health education campaigns in Kashmir to increase awareness and prevention of hepatitis B.
Abstract—
Purpose: To evaluate the morphological changes of the Meibomian glands in patients with evaporative “dry eye” compared to normal subjects by in vivo laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). To correlate these changes to the clinical observations and tear functions.
Methods: The study was based on trans-tarsal images of 30 normal and 30 diseased lids (patients with subjective complaints and objective symptoms of evaporative “dry eye”). Each participant was examined by in vivo LSCM (HRT3 Rostock corneal module). The results were compared to histological findings of normal or pathologically changed Meibomian glands.
Results: Patients with evaporative “dry eye” presented with destructive changes of the Meibomian glands as follows: occlusion of the lumen, impaired morphology of the acines, lack of normal structure and infiltration with inflammatory cells. Reported ocular surface and tear function abnormalities were correlated to the Meibomian glands dysfunction (MGD). In all cases the lid hygiene and anti-inflammatory treatment demonstrated tendency to restoration of the structure.
Cоnclusion: In vivo LSCM can effectively demonstrate the morphological changes of the Meibomian glands in patients with evaporative dry eye symptoms. This noninvasive technology is useful as a supplementary diagnostic tool for in vivo assessment of the histopathology of many ocular surface disorders and monitoring of the therapeutic effect in patients with MGD. Glandular acinar density and acinar unit diameter seemed to be promising new parameters of Meibomian glands in vivo confocal microscopy. The examination has the potential to change the evaporative dry eye treatment approach
Abstract—Dermatitis artefacta is a self-inflicted dermatologic injury with underlying primary psychiatric condition. Precipitating factors ranges from simple anxiety to interpersonal conflicts and several personality disorders including obsessive compulsive disorder, depression and psychotic disturbances. The diagnosis of this entity is often missed. Herein, we are reporting a case of dermatitis artefacta with description of its various manifestations.
Abstract— Occupational exposure to formaldehyde (FA) has been related to adverse outcomes. However, a short period of exposure has never been assessed in terms of evaluating DNA. This study conducted on 39 medical students exposed to FA in a university laboratory of human anatomy and aimed to analyze the relationship between FA exposure and DNA damage. The buccal micronucleus cytome assay (BMCyt) was used to evaluate the students at four time points: before FA exposure, after four months of FA exposure, after eight months of FA exposure and after three months without FA exposure (remission period). Pyknotic cells, karyolitic cells, karyorrhetic cells, condensed chromatin, binucleated cells, basal cells differentiated cells, micronucleated cells and nuclear bridges were enumerated. This study shows that FA exposure caused genomic instability in all periods and the remission period was not sufficient to reverse all damage. Thus, prolonged occupational exposure to FA not only causes DNA damage but a shorter exposure period can have the same effect.
Abstract—Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that affects people of all ages. It may manifest as severe attacks, which can require urgent health care. It causes limitations in daily activities, loss of school and work days, lung function impairment, reduced quality of life, and an adverse socioeconomic burden. There is no cure of asthma, once it is diagnosed it can be managed by a good treatment plan, so that patient can live a better quality of life with the disease. This present study was planned to compare the effect of traditional treatment alone and in combination with Root Heal Therapy on asthma cases. A Quincy experiment was conducted on 60 patients of Asthma, who were taking treatment from a physician working in Jaipuriya Hospital, Jaipur. Out of these 60 asthama patients who were receiving traditional treatment, 30 patients were given this RHT along with traditional treatment. Baseline status of asthma and Asthma Quality of life Questionnaire (AQLQ) was assessed. These cases were followed for 18 months, again they were assessed as per AQLQ. Changes in status of asthma in both the group over this period were compared with Chi-square test and Unpaired 't' test. It was found that significantly more cases were benefited with this RHT in the form of number of spells of asthma, duration of illness due to asthma, mean days of activity loss and proportion of cases needed hospitalization during last one year. Pulmonary Function test were also better in experimental group than control group. Although mean number of eosinofills decrease was also found higher in experimental group but it was not found significant. It is concluded that Quality of life of these asthma cases were significantly improved on physical, emotional, social and occupational domains of life in cases with RHT than the cases only on traditional treatment.
Clinical Safety and Side Effects of Intra Dermal regimen of Tissue culture Anti-rabies Vaccine-Rabies is 100% fatal but preventable disease. WHO recommends Tissue culture Anti-rabies Vaccines for post exposure treatment but this prophylaxis becomes expensive. So for reducing the 1/6th cost of this prophylaxis intradermal ARV regime was also recommended. But again there is a question mark for balance between cost effectiveness and safty so this cross sectional study was carried out in year 2013 on 654 recipients of Purified Chick Embriyo Cell Vaccine (PCECV) anti-rabis vaccine (ARV) at Anti Rabies Clinic (ARC) of a tertiary-care teaching hospital (SMS) at Jaipur, Rajasthan. Side effects were observed during the follow up visits on days 3, 7 and 28. Though all the recipients complained of local side effects at site of inoculation but these symptoms were relieved by simple administration of paracetamol and ceterizine orally. The side effects (local symptoms) noted on First dose were local itch (4%), local pain (3.8%), low grade fever (2.1%) and the local signs noted are local induration (22.3%), local erythema (1.2%). Same pattern of sign and symptoms were observed in D3 and D7 dose of injection but in decreased frequency. None of the cases had anaphylaxis or regional lymphadenopathy. Thus, this cost effective way of treating the animal bite cases using PCECV in Intra Dermal Rabies Vaccination (IDRV) is recommended to deal with the burden of animal bite cases for the prevention of Rabies in India.
Abstract— Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic and progressive condition with a hereditary predisposition which is further induced by unhealthy lifestyle. It is a silent killer with cardiovascular complications being most common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with T2DM.
Objective: To find out association of socio demographic and clinical parameters of diabetes type 2 with hypertension and dyslipidemia among Diabetes Mellitus type 2 cases aged 18 to 70 years. Methodology: A cross sectional hospital based study was conducted on 272 type 2 DM patients attending Department of Medicine in a secondary care referral hospital after taking consent.
Results: Hypertension was present in 192 (70.59%) and dyslipidemia was present in 93 (34.19%) of type 2 diabetes patients. Age, family income, presence of family history, duration of illness, type of treatment, consumption of alcohol , BMI, Hba1c level were found to be associated significantly with both hypertension and dyslipidemia in type 2 DM patients.
Socio economic differential dimensions on health and educationA comparative s...inventionjournals
Abstract : The aim of this paper was to find out the association between socio economic status and health of
the individuals residing in Delhi. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in the month of May 2014 in
five areas namely Trilokpuri, Sultanpuri, Seelampur, Seemapuri and Mangolpuri of Delhi. A total sample of 85
participants was conveniently selected from Medical mobile unit (MMU) of HelpAge India A semi structured
questionnaire was developed and pilot study was conducted to validate the tool. A written consent from the
respondents was taken. Kuppuswamy scale was used to calculate the socio economic status. Then the data was
analyzed using SPSS and MS excel. Results are represented as frequency, percentage and Chi-square test. The
study concluded that socio economic status and health as well as socio economic status and education has a
statistically significant association (p<0.05).
— NUHM was launched in 1 May 2013 to improve the health status of the urban population particularly slum dwellers and other vulnerable urban section by facilitating their access to quality health care. And ASHAs are a 'bridge' or an interface between the community and health service outlets. NHM set some standard for working of ASHAs. So this study was conducted to assess the status of performance indicator for ASHA in area of Jaipur city. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 172 ASHAs working in Jaipur city. It was observed in this study that more than 80% was achieved in percentage of families counselled, ANC adequately covered, Institutional deliveries and completely immunized for age in 12-23 months age children among ASHA performance indicators. Newborn visit within 1 week of delivery, JSY claims made and newborn who were weighed by ASHAs were achieved of 70-80%. And less than 50% achievement was regarding percentage of children with diarrhoea received ORS and fever cases who received Chloroquine within first week. It can be concluded from this study that best ASHA performance indicator achieved was of percentage of institutional deliveries which is 82.53%, followed by regarding ANC adequately covered with at least 4 visits, Immunization of 12-23 months age, families counselled, newborn visit within 1 week of delivery, JSY claim made, newborn who were weighed, deliveries escorted, children with diarrhoea received ORS and fever cases who received Chloroquine within first week
This document summarizes a study that used classical and Bayesian structural equation modeling to analyze factors influencing an individual's health index. The study used data from a health survey of over 5,000 individuals in Malaysia. It identified socio-demographic factors, lifestyle factors, and mental health as latent variables potentially influencing the health index. Both classical and Bayesian SEM were used to model relationships between these latent variables and manifest variables measuring them, like employment, exercise, and stress levels. Both approaches found socio-demographic status and lifestyle were significantly related to health index, but mental health was not. The Bayesian approach allowed incorporating prior information into the analysis.
Attitudes toward interprofessional education and collaborative practices in M...SubmissionResearchpa
From the perspective of activity theory, it can be argued that the major challenge in relation to implementing interprofessional education (IPE) could be embraced as contradictions that may lead to change. Patients have complex health needs and typically require insight from more than one discipline to address issues regarding their health status (Lumague et al. 2006). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that institutions engaged in health professional education and training consider implementing IPE in both undergraduate and postgraduate programs (WHO, 2010). The purpose of this study was to identify the needs of IPECP for health care professionals, faculty members, and students. Methods: The survey instrument contained four scales to evaluate faculty attitudes toward IPE and teamwork, adapted from the methods of Curran et al. (2007). Each scale asked respondents to rate their attitudes toward statements on a 5-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree; 2=disagree; 3=neutral; 4=agree; 5=strongly agree). The initial factor extractions were performed by means of principal components analysis. To define the model structure more clearly, an exploratory factor analysis using varimax rotation was conducted. The level of significance was p<.0001 for all tests. Results: As shown in Table 2, the Kaiser–Meyer-Olkin index was 0.902, indicating sampling adequacy, and the Bartlett Sphericity Chi-Square index was 2246.5 (p <0.0001). Cronbach’s alpha for the 14 items was 0.731, revealing a high rate of internal consistency. The modified Attitude toward health care team scores (ATHCTS) questionnaire was categorized into four factors: “Quality of care,” “Team efficiency,” “Patient-centered care,” and “Negative factors.” Conclusion: Findings suggest that the positive attitude of health care professionals, faculty members and students towards IPE indicates the need for IPE training by Azjargal Baatar, Sumberzul Nyamjav and Oyuntsetseg Sandag 2020. Attitudes toward interprofessional education and collaborative practices in Mongolia. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 8 (Aug. 2020), 48-52. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i8.536 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/536/512 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/536
The document discusses a study on the quality of work life among academicians in select engineering colleges in Coimbatore, India. It aims to measure the determinants of quality of work life and provide suggestions to improve it. A survey was conducted among 632 academicians using a questionnaire focusing on six dimensions of quality of work life. The results found that over half the respondents were below 30 years old and most had postgraduate degrees. Most were male, married, and assistant professors earning below Rs. 40,000 per month. The study analyzed the demographics and perceptions around factors like job satisfaction, working conditions, work-life balance, career prospects, training, and recognition to understand quality of work life.
In India, Reproductive Tract Infection (RTI) including Sexually transmitted Diseases (STDs) produce a huge disease burden. Nursing staff plays a major role in prevention of STI/RTIs. So this study was conducted aimed to know the knowledge about STIs/RTIs of nursing personnel of a tertiary care hospital of Rajasthan. 100 nursing professionals were supervised for practice and interrogated for attitude and knowledge as per a semi- structured schedule. It was found that overall mean score of nurses was 56% and only 52% had scores passing marks (>50%). Although this knowledge about STI/RTI was not found to be associated religion, caste, type of family and socio-economic status but it was found to be associated with sex, marital status and education of nurses. It was also found in this study that gap of training decreases the knowledge and number of training increases the knowledge. It was found to be associated with department where the nurses were working. So all the nurses irrespective of place of posting should be given refresher trainings at regular intervals.
An Application of Multivariate Analysis on Socio Economic Indicators in Gujaratijtsrd
The use of statistical measurement tools to research human behavior in a social environment is known as social statistics. Statistics and statistical analysis has become a key feature of social science. In this study researcher study Socio Economics indicators like Education, Health and Employment in Gujarat, he also used Multivariate Analysis as a statistical tools. In this research it will be found that the most of the Sub Indicators are positively impact on Multivariate Analysis model. Dr. Mahesh Vaghela "An Application of Multivariate Analysis on Socio Economic Indicators in Gujarat" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42534.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comother-scientific-research-area/applied-mathamatics/42534/an-application-of-multivariate-analysis-on-socio-economic-indicators-in-gujarat/dr-mahesh-vaghela
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This study examined the psychiatric morbidity profile of 1,620 elderly people residing in Jaipur, India. The researchers found that over half (54.32%) of the elderly population had at least one psychiatric illness. Depression was the most common psychiatric problem, affecting 40.93% of participants. Other frequent issues included sleep disorders, anxiety, and psychosis. Females had significantly higher rates of depression, sleep disorders, psychosis, and phobias compared to males. The results suggest that the elderly population requires increased attention and support from policymakers to address their high burden of psychiatric illnesses.
Role Performance and Relationship between the Selected Characteristics of the...inventionjournals
Farm school serve as a mechanism for farmer to farmer extension at every block or tehsil. Role performance of the respondents towards ATMA has shown its prescribed role and their relative success or failure. A study was undertaken to know role performance and relationship between the selected characteristics and role performance towards farm school. The study was conducted in eight farm schools of Sri Ganganager District of Rajasthan with a sample of 160 farmers working on farm school. The findings inferred that majority (68.75%) of the respondents of Farm School fall in the category of moderate performance of role followed by 25.00 and 06.25 per cent of them fall in the poor and good role performance categories respectively. The result clearly indicates that the farmers were highly influenced by the farm school of ATMA project running in their area.
SATISFACTION AND EXPECTATION SCALE FOR OLDER ADULTSshamsi akbar
This document describes the development and standardization of a scale to assess satisfaction and expectations of older adults living in old age homes. The researchers developed an initial draft of the scale with 5 domains and 33 questions. After input from experts, the final scale included 26 quantitative questions across 5 domains (physical structure, services provided, lifestyle, financial, social relationships) and 3 qualitative questions. The scale was administered to 27 older adults living in an old age home in India. Statistical analysis found the scale had good test-retest reliability and validity for assessing satisfaction and expectations of older adults in old age homes.
This document summarizes a study on household food security in rural Bangladesh. The study had two main goals: (1) evaluating food security conditions using a new comprehensive Food Security Index, and (2) analyzing the effects of microcredit schemes on food security. To evaluate food security, the study created an Improved Food Consumption Score (IFCS) using food categories weighted for nutritional value. A Multidimensional Food Security Index was also created using indicators for the dimensions of utilization, availability, and access. To analyze the effects of microcredit, the study investigated how microfinance programs impact food security and livelihoods.
A Study to Assess the Attitudes of Nonhealth Professional towards Nursing Pro...ijtsrd
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDYAccording to the researchers in the university of Michigan, the aim of the nursing community worldwide is for its professionals to ensure quality care for all, while maintaining their credentials, code of ethics, standards and competencies their education. There are a number of educational paths to becoming a professional nurse, which vary greatly worldwide, but all involve extensive study of nursing theory and practice and training in clinical skills.OBJECTIVESTo assess the attitudes of non health professionals towards nursing profession.To co relate the finding with the selected demographic variables of age, gender and educational qualification. Farzand Ali | Pro. Mrs. Kavitha N | Mr. Ramkrishna Degani "A Study to Assess the Attitudes of Nonhealth Professional towards Nursing Profession in Pacific University Campus of Gwaliour City" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46323.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/46323/a-study-to-assess-the-attitudes-of-nonhealth-professional-towards-nursing-profession-in-pacific-university-campus-of-gwaliour-city/farzand-ali
Indian j endocrmetab157166-2333933_062859mandar haval
1) The document discusses growth charts and references for assessing physical growth of Indian children. It summarizes the WHO 2006 growth standards for children under 5, the 2007 affluent Indian growth charts, and concerns about overdiagnosis of undernutrition using WHO standards in developing countries like India.
2) The 2007 affluent Indian growth charts, based on data from 18,666 children collected in 2007-2008, show increases in height and alarming rises in obesity compared to previous 1989 Indian references.
3) For clinical use and research, the WHO 2006 standards are recommended for children under 5, while the 2007 affluent Indian charts are recommended for children 5-18 for assessing height, weight and BMI.
Effectiveness of an Instructional Program on Female Secondary Schools Teacher...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care.
Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice
One of the areas which creates satisfaction in individuals is their work life. Lack of job satisfaction causes negative feelings within an individual. Low job satisfaction can have negative effects such as resigning or absenteeism from work, arriving late at work and working slowly. For this reason, it is important to investigate job satisfaction levels and the factors affecting this in midwives giving health services. This work was carried out with the aim of detemining the relationship between the levels of job satisfaction in midwives and some socio-demographic characteristics of the job satisfaction levels. Within the framework of this descriptive study, 106 midwives who worked within the Sivas province and agreed to participate in this study were studied. Data were collected using ‘Socio-Demographic Questionnaire for Midwives’ and ‘Scale of Job Satifaction in Nursing’. The data collected from the research were analysed using the Kruskal Wallis, Student t and Mann-Whitney U tests within the SPSS 10.0 computer program. The average general job satisfaction points of the midwives was 47.08 ± 15.52. The average job satisfaction levels in midwives who chose the occupation themselves, wanted to be in the profession and found that midwifery suited them were found to be high at a significant level (p<0.05).>0.05). It was established that the organisation they work at, length of working life, whether they had worked continuously or had a break from work, weekly working hours, way of working and amount of individuals to whom care was given did not affect their job satisfaction point averages (p>0.05). It was also determined that the general job satisfaction point average levels were not affected by whether they had children or not, the number of children they had and the age of the youngest child (p>0.05). In contrast, the job satisfaction levels of midwives who worked in hospitals in terms of the possibility of development and working conditions were significantly higher than midwives who worked at health centres (p<0.05). Job satisfaction levels in midwives who chose the occupation themselves, wanted to be in the profession and found that midwifery suited them were high. Midwives who worked in hospitals who had the possibility of development and different working conditions had greater job satisfaction than midwives who worked at health centres. The remaining socio-demographic charateristics did not affect job satisfaction in the midwives.
A two-way ANOVA and binary logistic regression were conducted to analyze factors influencing knowledge of calorie and BMI among students and staff of the Faculty of Health Sciences, UKM. The two-way ANOVA found no significant interaction between race and school but both school and race had a main effect on knowledge scores. Post-hoc tests found significant differences between diagnostic and healthcare schools, and rehabilitation and healthcare schools. The logistic regression found that only education level significantly predicted knowledge, with graduates having 15 times higher odds of higher knowledge than undergraduates. No other factors like gender, race, family history or BMI significantly predicted knowledge.
This document analyzes trends in surgical faculty attrition rates at a large academic medical center over a 15-year period from 1996 to 2011. It finds that:
1) Attrition trends were significantly different for faculty cohorts from 2001-2006 and 2006-2011 compared to overall trends, with the 2006-2011 cohort having much higher attrition.
2) Minorities, associate professors, and full professors contributed most to higher attrition in the 2006-2011 period.
3) Faculty leaving in 2006-2011 were more likely to transition to non-academic practice compared to previous periods.
4) The results suggest a need for academic medical centers to implement continuous retention strategies to compete for surgical talent given economic and demographic
Problems and Challenges of Scheduled Caste Community of Dibrugarh Town with S...inventionjournals
This document summarizes a study on the socio-economic conditions of Scheduled Caste communities in Dibrugarh Town, Assam, India. The study found that most respondents scored low on socio-economic status scales. Only a small percentage had high levels of education or high monthly incomes. There were significant differences between males and females, and between urban and rural respondents, in terms of their socio-economic conditions. The study concluded that improving educational opportunities could help develop the socio-economic status of these communities.
This document summarizes a study examining the nutritional status of 233 children attending government schools in urban Pokhara, Nepal. The study found that 20.0% of children aged 5-10 years and 18.7% of children aged 10-16 years were stunted. For children aged 5-10 years, 14.3% were underweight and 2.9% were thin. For children aged 10-16 years, 6.1% were thin. Using a composite index of anthropometric failure, the study found that 22.9% of children aged 5-10 years and 22.2% of children aged 10-16 years showed some form of undernutrition. The majority of undernourished children in both age
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
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TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Versio
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
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1. International Multispecialty Journal of Health (IMJH) [Vol-1, Issue-1, March.- 2015]
Page | 6
A New Socio-economic Status Scale: urgent Need of Hour
Dr. Afifa Zafer1
, Dr. Anamika Tomar 2
Dr. Kamlesh Nagarwal3
and Dr. R.K. Manohar 4
1,4
Professor Department of PSM, SMS Medical College, Jaipur (Rajsthan) India
2,3
Post graduate students Department of PSM, SMS Medical College, Jaipur (Rajsthan) India
Abstract— Almost all community- based studies focus on socio-economic stratification, which is the
key parameter for proper understanding the affordability of the community of health services. But
nowadays in the era of changing social prestige parameters with debt from financing agencies should
be considered in scaling socio-economic condition. So there is an urgent need to have socio-economic
scaling reinvent considering new areas of socio-economic status. Present study was aimed to compare
the different socio-economic status scales prevalent with Gaur’s socio-economic scale. Variables of 240
Antenatal cases were recorded along with the variables as per B.G. Prasad’s, Kupuswami’s and Gaur’s
SES classification. Proportion of cases falling in various category of SES status as per all these SES
Scaling was assessed and compared. It was found that as per B.G. Prasad SES classification there was
79.58% in class I, which is unbelievable. Whereas as per Gaur’s SES scaling there were 0.83% in Class
I which is quite reasonable. Likewise, as per Kuppuswami SES Scale there were 46.67% in Class I,
which is also not appropriate for ANCs attending at Government setting. Proportion of ANCs in various
Classes as per B.G. Prasad SES and Kuppuswami SES Scale with Gaur’s SES scale was with significant
(P<0.001) difference. Socio-economic scaling need to consider other variable like Housing Condition,
Living Status, Percentage of Income Expenditure and Debt to asset Ratio (as in Gaur’s SES Scaling)
along with Income, Education and Occupation.
Keywords— Socio-economic status scales, B.G.Prasad SES classification, Kuppuswami SES Scale,
Gaur’s socio-economic scale.
1. Introduction
Socioeconomic status (SES) is a measure of an individual's or family’s economic and social position in
relation to others, based on various variables responsible for that like income, education, occupation,
family effluence, physical assets, social position, social participation, caste, muscle power, political
influence, etc.1
Majority of researchers agree that income, education and occupation together best
represent SES, while some others feel that changes in family structure, family effluence etc should also
be considered. 2
Wealth is also considered a determinant of SES, which is a set of economic reserves or assets,
presents a source of security providing a measure of a household's ability to meet emergencies, absorb
economic shocks, or provide the means to live comfortably. Wealth reflects intergenerational transitions
as well as accumulation of income and savings. 3,4
The socioeconomic status (SES) is an important determinant of health and nutritional status as
well as of mortality and morbidity. Socioeconomic status also influences actual utilization of various
available health facilities. There have been several attempts time to time to develop different scales to
measure the socioeconomic status.
SES scales were developed mainly by psychologists especially in the western world. 5,6,7
In
Indian studies, Prasad’s classification of 19618
based on per capita monthly income and later modified
in 1970 has been extensively used. 9
Another SES classification namely Kuppuswami scale10
is widely
used to measure the socio-economic status of an individual in urban communities, which is based on
three variables namely education, occupation and income. Letter on modification of Kuppuswami
2. International Multispecialty Journal of Health (IMJH) [Vol-1, Issue-1, March.- 2015]
Page | 7
scale11
were done, where the education and occupation of head of the family and income per capita per
month was used. Mishra et al12
have suggested an economic revision of Kuppuswami.s scale.
But many authors10-17
feels that income is not appropriate as a single indicator of social class
because it varies considerably within occupations also. However, high education does not necessarily
lead to high income and high occupational standing. In addition, there are regional differences in
educational attainment. Likewise in present scenario other SES indicators like physical assets, savings,
debts etc must also be taken into consideration while assessing SES.
2. Methodology
This study hospital bases study was carried out on 240 local (Jaipurites) Antenatal cases attending in
month of September 2014 at ANC outdoor of Mahila Hospital, Sanganer Jaipur. Personal Identification
variables of these cases were recorded along with the variables like family size and occupation of head
of family. Income of every individual cumulating total income of family per month with expenditure per
month was also recorded. Housing and living status of family of every identified ANC was observed
and inquired as per Gaur’s SES18
scaling at their houses. Total value in rupees was calculated of total
assets they have and total debts taken by family. (Anuxeres)
Socio-economic status of these identified ANCs was calculated as per B.G. Prasad’s,
Kuppuswami’s and Gaur’s SES classification. (Anuxres) Proportion of cases falling in various
categories of SES status as per B.G. Prasad SES classification and Kuppuswami SES Scaling were
assessed. These proportions were compared with SES classification as per Gaur’s SES classification.
Results were inferred by Chi-square test.
3. Results
Present study observed that as per B.G. Prasad SES classification out of total 240 ANCs majority were
falling in class I i.e. 191 (79.58%) followed by in Class II and III, where it was 32 (13.33%) and 17
(7.08%) respectively. As per B.G. Prasad’s SES there were no ANC of Class IV and Class V. (Table 1)
Table 1
Comparison of SES of ANCs as per B.G. Prasad’s SES and Gaur’s SES Scaling
S. No. SES Class B.G. Prasad’s SES Scale Gaur’s SES Scale
No. % No. %
1 Class I 191 79.58 2 0.83
2 Class II 32 13.33 18 7.5
3 Class III 17 7.08 99 41.25
4 Class IV 0 0 93 38.75
5 Class V 0 0 28 11.67
6 Total ANCs 240 100 240 100
Chi-square = 367.968 with 4 degrees of freedom; P <0.001 HS
3. International Multispecialty Journal of Health (IMJH) [Vol-1, Issue-1, March.- 2015]
Page | 8
When SES of these ANCs was calculated as per Kuppuswami SES majority were falling in class
I i.e. 112 (46.67%) followed by in Class II, III and IV, where it was 83 (34.58%), 36 (15%) and 9
(3.75%) respectively. As per Kuppuswami SES there were no ANC of Class V. (Table 2)
This study observed that if socio-economic status of these sampled ANCs were calculated as per
Gaur’s SES scale it was found that majority were falling in class III i.e. 99 (41.25%) followed by in
Class IV, V, IV, and lowest number fall in Class I i.e. 93 (38.75%), 28 (11.67%), 18 (7.5%) and 2
(0.83%) respectively (Table 1 & 2). This distribution was observed near to normal distribution.
Present study revealed that if B.G. Prasad SES classification these ANCs was compares with
Gaur’s SES scaling it was found that proportion of ANCs in various Classes as per B.G. Prasad SES and
Gaur’s SES scale was having was significant (P<0.001) difference. (Table 1)
Present study also revealed that if Kuppuswami SES Scale these ANCs was compares with
Gaur’s SES scaling it was found that proportion of ANCs in various Classes as per Kuppuswami SES
Scale and Gaur’s SES scale was having was significant (P<0.001) difference. (Table 2)
Table 2
Comparison of SES of ANCs as per Kuppuswami’s SES and Gaur’s SES Scaling
S. No. SES Class Kuppuswami’s SES Scale Gaur’s SES Scale
No. % No. %
1 Class I 112 46.67 2 0.83
2 Class II 83 34.58 18 7.5
3 Class III 36 15 99 41.25
4 Class IV 9 3.75 93 38.75
5 Class V 0 0 28 11.67
6 Total ANCs 240 100 240 100
Chi-square = 274.549 with 4 degrees of freedom; P <0.001 HS
When all the three SES were compared as per distribution of ANCs in various SES classes, it was found
that Gaur’s SES scaling was near to normal distribution whereas others i.e. B.G. Prasad’s and
Kuppuswami’s SES Scale were far away from normal distribution (Fig 1 & Fig 2)
4. International Multispecialty Journal of Health (IMJH) [Vol-1, Issue-1, March.- 2015]
Page | 9
4. Discussion:
Present study observed that out of total 240 Antenatal cases attending at ANC outdoor of Mahila
Hospital, Sanganer Jaipur, majority of ANCs were falling in Class I as per B.G. Prasad SES and
Kuppuswami SES classification i.e. 191 (79.58%) and 112 (46.67%) respectively. Whereas as per
Gaur’s SES scale it was found that majority were falling in Class III i.e. 99 (41.25%).
Like wise there were no ANC in Class IV and V as per B.G. Prasad SES classification and no
ANC in Class V as per Kuppuswami SES classification. Whereas, these studied ANCs were distributed
in all five SES classes according to Gaur’s SES classification.
As these ANCs were from the ANCs attending at Mahila Chikitsalay which is attached to SMS
Medical College is a government set up Mahila Hospital. ANCs attended at this government set up were
not seems to belongs to Class I in such a majority i.e. 79.58% and 46.67% as it was observed by B.G.
Prasad and Kuppuswami’s SES classification respectively. This study also observed that there was no
ANC in Class V as per B.G. Prasad and Kuppuswami’s SES classification. (Fig 1)
Jaipur is capital of Rajasthan catering a large number of private good hospitals and nursing
homes including Fortis, Santokaba, Cocoon etc. So there is less chances of Class I class ANCs to attend
this Facility. This explanation is further supported by report of Ministry of Health and welfare19
. In this
Fig. 1: Percentage of ANCs as per various SES Scales
5. International Multispecialty Journal of Health (IMJH) [Vol-1, Issue-1, March.- 2015]
Page | 10
report also there are 27.5% below poverty line in India19
. Even Agrawal etall15
also reported 14% in
Class V in their studies. In a study conducted on 1155 families of Rajasthan Gaur19
also reported that
152 (13.16%) families belong to Class V.
Whereas as per Gaur’s SES classification Class I ANCs were only 2(0.83%) and Class V ANCs
were 11.67% with the fact that majority belongs to Class III i.e. 99 (41.25%). Distribution as per this
scale is near to normal distribution (Fig 2) and is quite in resonance with other authors.15,16,19
The other fact may be that B.G. Prasad SES Classification depent on per capita income only
whereas other indications like education, occupation, wealth, affluence level, housing condition etc were
not considered. Most of the authors10-17
feels that income is not appropriate as a single indicator of
social class because it varies considerably within occupations and is often inconsistent with educational
requirements. For example, a sanitation worker will often earn more than a teacher, although the teacher
has more education and would be considered to have higher status. Similarly, the perceived status of
income is not monotonically related to income amount. The fact that income is relatively unstable over
time can pose another difficulty.
Likewise Kuppuswami SES classification is based on income, occupation and education so its
better than B.G. Prasad SES Classification for assessing SES in urban population but then also other
SES indicators remain untouched. In the era of economic inflation and finance facility availability the
other indicator like Expenditure and Debt to Asset ratio are also have their weightage. When the health
of individual is concerned then living status and housing condition also become important especially for
urban population.
Another fact is that B.G. Prasad SES and Kuppuswami SES Classification was developed in
early 60’s, although they are revised time to time but in present era it does not seems to be in resonance
with present situation.
If income per capita of highest score class is compared as per B.G. Prasad SES8
, Kuppuswami
SES10
and Gaur’s SES18
Classification, it is Rs 4680 and above (as per AICPI April 2012), Rs 30,375
and 30,000 and above respectively which again revealed that P Prasad’s SES is far away to even
average value of national per capita income as per Ministry of health report 19
which is Rs 33283 (2007-
8). Kuppuswami’s SES and Gaur’s SES classification are almost similar in income assessment but here
in Kuppuswami’s SES only three SES indicators i.e. income, education and occupation and that to of
head of the family’s is taken in consideration. It may be difficult for researchers in field settings to
arrive at accurate identification of the HOF. If the eldest member of the family is identified as HOF
which is quite common for Indian families, the chances of low score in education, occupation and in
income may obtained as there has been a remarkable opening up of the Indian economy in the past
years.
The SES of the family may also be affected in a large part by how successful a person is in
his/her job, which may be whatever. An example may be an unskilled worker doing a simple occupation
may have lot of social standing. Another thing is that only regular monthly or annual income may not
be a true reflection of the family's economic standing. There are may be one-time monetary gain or loss
which may affect SES of family. On the above the past economic conditions of the family can impact
their present and future well-being too. So the physical assets possessed by the family are not assessed
as by these two prevalent SES scales.
Likewise there is no accountability regarding their savings and expenditure which also affect the
social status. In the present scenario where the finance facilities are available for even any household
items along with to buy property, vehicle etc, and amount of debts taken should also be taken into
consideration for assessing SES.
6. International Multispecialty Journal of Health (IMJH) [Vol-1, Issue-1, March.- 2015]
Page | 11
CONCLUSIONS
Most prevalent SES scales i.e. B.G. Prasad SES and Kuppuswami SES scales have question mark on
its relevance in present scenario of changing economy. Their relevance is questionable not only for
urban population but for rural population also because the gap between urban and rural is being
narrower with the time as far as the economy is concerned.
So there is a urgent need to find some other alternative better SES scale relevant to present scenario
rather than using 3-4 decades older SES scales. Gaur’s SES status is one which quite in resonance with
present situation and is having good applicability and reliability.16
REFERENCES
1. National Center for Educational Statistics. 31 March 2008. http://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/glossary/s.asp
2. Milne, A., & Plourde, L. A. (2006). Factors of a Low-SES Household: What Aids Academic Achievement?
3. American Psychological Association, Task Force on Socioeconomic Status. Report of the APA Task Force on
Socioeconomic Status. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association,
2007.http://www2.apa.org/pi/SES_task_force_report.pdf
4. MacArthur Research Network on SES and Health. 31 March 2008.
http://www.macses.ucsf.edu/Research/Social%20Environment/chapters.html
5. Cattell R. The concept of social status. J Soc Psychol 1942;
6. Warner WL, Meeken M, Eells K. Social class in America. A manual of procedures for measurent of social
status. Harper Torchbooks. The Academy Library. Harper and Brothers Publishers. New York. 1960, 1-44.
7. Hollingshead AB and Redlich FC. Social class and mental illness. New John Wiley and Sons Inc London.
1958,158.
8. Prasad BG. Social Classification of Indian families. J Indian Medical Assoc. 1961; 37:250-1.
9. Prasad BG. Changes proposed in Social classification of Indian families. J Indian Med Assoc 1970; 55:198-9.
10. Kuppuswami B. Mannual of socio economic scale (urban). Mansayan 32, Netaji Subhash Marg, Delhi. 1981.
11. Gupta MC and Mahajan BK. Text book of Preventive and Social Medicine. Jaypee Brothers, Delhi. 2nd
Edition 1995. 134-5.
12. Mishra D, Singh HP. Kuppuswami.s socioeconomic status scale: A Revision. Indian J Pediatr 2003; 70:273-
4.
13. Haug MR. Measurement in social stratification. Annu Rev Sociol 1977;3:51-77.
14. S.C. Tiwari, Aditya Kumar & Ambrish Kumar.Development & standardization of a scale to measure socio-
economic status in urban & rural communities in India Indian J Med Res 122, October 2005, pp 309-314
15. O.P. Aggarwal, S.K. Bhasin, A.K. Sharma, P. Chhabra, K. Aggarwal, O.P. Rajoura. A New Instrument
(Scale) for Measuring the Socioeconomic Status of a Family : Preliminary Study. Indian Journal of
Community Medicine Vol. 30, No. 4, October-December, 2005
16. Gaur Kusum Lata. Socio-Economic Status Measurement Scale: Thirst Area with
changing concept for Socio-Economic Status. ijird. September, 2013; 2 (9):139-145
17. Rahul Sharma, Narinder K. Saini. A Critical Appraisal of Kuppuswamy's Socioeconomic Status Scale in the
Present Scenario. J Family Med Prim Care. 2014 Jan; 3(1):3-4.
18. Gaur Kusum Lata, S.C. Soni and Rajeev Yadav. Community Medicine practical Guide and Logbook. 1st
Edition CBS Publication New Delhi 2013
19. Slected Socio‐‐Economic Statistics India, 2011 October 2011 Government of India Ministry of Statistics and
Programme Implementation Central Statistics Office Social Statistics Division RK Puram, New Delhi
www.mospi.gov.in
http://mospi.nic.in/mospi_new/upload/sel_socio_eco_stats_ind_2001_28oct11.pdf