Social Unrest During the 1920s
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During the 1920s, the United States experienced social unrest due to strikes, the Red Scare, and anti-immigrant sentiment. The Red Scare led to raids targeting radicals and communists, while new quotas severely restricted immigration. Additionally, the Ku Klux Klan grew in popularity, Prohibition led to organized crime, and the Scopes Trial exposed religious intolerance. Despite women gaining the right to vote, traditional gender roles remained enforced. The Harlem Renaissance emerged as an artistic movement among African Americans.
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The document provides information on several topics from the 1920s including the automobile culture, consumerism, popular culture, organized crime during Prohibition, the Scopes trial, the Harlem Renaissance, immigration restrictions, the Great Migration, and the resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan. Key developments included Henry Ford's assembly line lowering car costs and fueling mass consumption, the rise of national media and celebrities, increased racial tensions, and efforts to crack down on radicals and limit immigration. The period saw major social, economic, and cultural changes that shaped American society.
Chapter 12: Slavery and Sectionalism: The Political Crisis of 1848-1861
The document summarizes political events in the United States from 1848 to 1861, as sectional tensions over the issue of slavery led the nation into crisis. It discusses the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, the Dred Scott decision of 1857, John Brown's raid in 1859, and the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860. These events heightened divisions between the North and South and ultimately led 11 Southern states to secede from the Union and form the Confederate States of America in early 1861.
U.s. history test prep
This document provides an overview of key topics in U.S. history covered by Mrs. Moore's class, including the foundations of American political and social thought, industrialization, the world wars, and post-WWII domestic issues. It then discusses several foundational periods and events in early American history, such as religion in early America, the Enlightenment, the American political system established by the Constitution, and the Civil War. Finally, it covers several influential social and economic movements such as Reconstruction, the Industrial Revolution, Progressivism, and Americanization of immigrants in the late 19th/early 20th century.
499 lyons07immigration
This document provides an overview of U.S. immigration policy from 1790 to the present. It discusses how stereotypes and fears influenced the development of exclusionary policies over time, from the Alien and Sedition Acts to the National Origins System and Bracero Program. While immigration was initially encouraged, the gold rush and increased Catholic immigration led to restrictive laws like the Chinese Exclusion Act. The document concludes by noting how the immigration debate continues today regarding issues like amnesty, border security, and proposed legislation.
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HISTORY YEAR 10: RELIGIOUS AND RACIAL INTOLERANCE IN AMERICA
HISTORY YEAR 10: RELIGIOUS AND RACIAL INTOLERANCE IN AMERICA
The End of Reconstruction and the Rise of Jim Crow Laws
The End of Reconstruction and the Rise of Jim Crow Laws
Chapter 12: Slavery and Sectionalism: The Political Crisis of 1848-1861
Chapter 12: Slavery and Sectionalism: The Political Crisis of 1848-1861
More from reghistory
(13) crisis and resurgence (1969 2000)
Richard Nixon expanded presidential power during his presidency, reaching the peak of the "imperial presidency". However, the Watergate scandal uncovered Nixon's involvement in a cover-up, leading to his resignation. Gerald Ford succeeded Nixon but struggled with a weak economy including stagflation and rising gas prices due to OPEC embargoes. Jimmy Carter was elected in 1976 but also faced economic woes. He brokered the Camp David Accords between Egypt and Israel but struggled to gain the release of American hostages in Iran, hurting his re-election bid.
(11) the sixties
The document provides information on key events during the Kennedy and Johnson presidencies from 1960-1969. It discusses JFK's New Frontier domestic agenda and role in escalating the Space Race. It also summarizes JFK's foreign policy challenges, including the failed Bay of Pigs invasion and Cuban Missile Crisis. The document outlines LBJ's Great Society programs and escalation of US involvement in the Vietnam War. It notes the social movements of this era, including the women's liberation movement and civil rights struggles.
(12) the civil rights movement
The document summarizes key events and developments in the Civil Rights movement in the United States, including important Supreme Court cases (Plessy v Ferguson, Brown v Board of Education), civil rights legislation (Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1964, Voting Rights Act of 1965), and influential figures and events (Jackie Robinson breaking the color barrier in baseball, Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott led by MLK, MLK's "I Have a Dream" speech). Key amendments to the Constitution and executive orders aimed to abolish slavery and provide equal protection under the law.
(10) the cold war
The document provides an overview of the Cold War between the United States and Soviet Union. It describes how the two former allies became rivals after World War II due to their opposing ideological systems of democracy and communism. This rivalry led to a war of words, threats, and proxy conflicts in other parts of the world as each side tried to prevent the other from gaining more influence, known as the Cold War.
(5) america builds an empire
Theodore Roosevelt believed in regulating big business as president from 1901-1909. He used the Sherman Antitrust Act to break up trusts he felt acted against the public interest, becoming known as the "Trust-busting President." The Spanish-American War marked the end of Spain's colonial empire and the beginning of the U.S. as a world power, giving it control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. This expanded American influence in both the Caribbean and Pacific. The U.S. sought to maintain economic and strategic interests in the newly acquired territories and in East Asia through policies like the Open Door Policy and building the Panama Canal.
(9) world war ii
The document provides background information on several key events leading up to and during World War II. It discusses the rise of dictators like Hitler, Mussolini, and Stalin in the 1930s. It also outlines America's initial isolationist policies after WWI and its gradual movement towards supporting the Allies through measures like Lend-Lease and sanctions against Japan. The document summarizes major military campaigns in both the European and Pacific theaters, including D-Day, the Battle of the Bulge, and the island hopping strategy against Japan. It also addresses the Holocaust and internment of Japanese Americans during the war.
(4) the progressive era
The Progressive Era saw reform attempts to address problems caused by industrialization in the late 1800s/early 1900s. Progressive reformers and presidents Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson introduced reforms at the national level. During this time, muckraking journalists also investigated social problems and corruption, bringing issues to public attention. The Populist and Progressive movements both pushed for reforms to business and government practices.
(8) great depression and the new deal
The document provides information about the causes and effects of the Great Depression in the United States from 1929-1940. It discusses several causes, including overproduction, speculation in the stock market, buying stocks on margin, shaky banking practices, and tariffs on international trade. It describes the stock market crash of 1929 and its effects, including bank failures, businesses closing, unemployment rising, and people losing their homes and farms. Other effects discussed are the Dust Bowl, Mexican Repatriation, and President Hoover's unsuccessful efforts to address the Depression before Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected and established New Deal programs to provide relief, recovery, and reform.
(6) world war i
The document summarizes the key causes of World War 1: nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and the alliance system. It also discusses the initial neutrality of the US before its entry into the war in 1917 due to events like the sinking of the Lusitania passenger ship and the Zimmerman Telegram. After joining the Allies, the US mobilized its economy and military under President Wilson. Though Wilson advocated for post-war peace through the League of Nations, the US ultimately adopted a policy of isolationism and rejected the Treaty of Versailles.
(3) society in transition
The rapid growth of cities in the late 19th century was caused by several factors: improved farm equipment increased agricultural productivity and reduced the need for farm labor, pushing people to migrate to cities for work; large numbers of immigrants provided a steady supply of urban industrial labor; and after the Civil War, many former slaves migrated north seeking work in cities to escape discrimination in the South. These factors led to overcrowding and other urban problems as cities struggled to accommodate the large influx of new residents.
(7) the roaring twenties
The document provides an overview of several key events and trends in the United States during the 1920s. It describes the post-World War I recession, Red Scare, Palmer Raids, and Sacco and Vanzetti trial. It then summarizes the presidencies of Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover, their support of business and laissez-faire policies. Major factors in 1920s prosperity included the rise of the automobile industry, new mass production technologies, and the age of mass consumption fueled by advertising and consumer credit. However, prosperity was uneven and some groups like farmers and workers faced difficulties. The Temperance movement also led to Prohibition in 1919.
(1) background to american history
The document provides background information on the causes of the American Revolution. It discusses how the British placed taxes on the colonists to help repay war debts without representation. This led the colonists to protest with slogans like "No Taxation Without Representation". By 1775, tensions escalated and the first battles of the revolution occurred at Lexington and Concord. The document then provides brief summaries of George Washington's role as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army, leaders of the revolution like John Trumbull Jr. and John Peter Muhlenberg, influences on the Declaration of Independence like John Locke's ideas of natural rights, and key aspects of the Declaration and signers.
(2) industrialization and the gilded age
After the Civil War, industrialization in America accelerated due to new inventions and processes like the Bessemer Process for steel production. Entrepreneurs like Rockefeller and Carnegie established large corporations and monopolies in industries like oil and steel. While this growth boosted the economy, workers often faced long hours, low pay, and dangerous conditions. They organized unions to demand better treatment, but faced opposition from owners and the government who favored business interests.
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War began as an anti-colonial independence movement led by Ho Chi Minh against French rule. After World War 2, the French tried to reassert control over Vietnam but faced resistance from Ho Chi Minh's Viet Minh forces. The United States intervened on France's side and continued supporting South Vietnam after the 1954 Geneva Accords split the country in two. US involvement escalated throughout the 1960s, but the 1968 Tet Offensive was a turning point that turned US public opinion against the war. Although the US withdrew in 1973, the war continued between North and South Vietnam until the South surrendered in 1975.
The Civil Rights Revolution
The document summarizes key events and developments in the American civil rights movement from the 1950s through the 1960s. It describes the Montgomery Bus Boycott sparked by Rosa Parks' arrest in 1955, which raised Martin Luther King Jr. to prominence. It also discusses efforts to desegregate schools, sit-ins by student groups, Freedom Rides to challenge segregated public transit, and the pivotal 1963 Birmingham campaign. Major civil rights laws, like the 1964 Civil Rights Act and 1965 Voting Rights Act, were achieved through these nonviolent protests and activism.
The 1960s The Charm and the Challenges
John F. Kennedy was elected president in 1960 and outlined a vision of a "New Frontier" that included establishing the Peace Corps, accelerating the space program, and proposing new programs for healthcare and education. Kennedy believed his most urgent task was redefining nuclear strategy and increased spending on conventional forces. His administration dealt with crises over Berlin and nuclear missiles in Cuba. Kennedy was assassinated in 1963. Lyndon B. Johnson continued Kennedy's agenda and launched his "Great Society" program to expand the federal government's role in education, healthcare, poverty, and urban development.
Redefining Equality
The document summarizes the shift in the Civil Rights Movement from nonviolence to Black Power in the mid-1960s, as advocated by Stokely Carmichael of SNCC. It also discusses the urban race riots of the 1960s, including in Watts, Chicago, Detroit, and Newark, which were responses to poverty, prejudice, and police mistreatment. The rise of Black Power and black pride movements like the Black Panthers aimed to achieve self-determination and political gains for African Americans. The federal government then took steps to confront racism through the Civil Rights Act of 1968 and policies of affirmative action.
An Era of Social Change 1960s
This document summarizes social movements and changes that occurred in the 1960s. It discusses the growth of Latino populations in the US and organizations formed to fight for Latino civil rights, such as United Farm Workers. It also discusses the Native American rights movement and organizations like the American Indian Movement that protested to demand treaty lands and rights. Additionally, it outlines the development of the Asian American and gay rights movements during this period. The women's rights movement is summarized, including the formation of NOW and legalization of abortion due to Roe v. Wade. It concludes by discussing the conservative response to these social changes through the rise of the New Right.
1960s Counterculture Movement
The 1960s counterculture movement known as hippies valued freedom, nature, peace, and spirituality. They sought alternative ways of living, often living communally without possessions in parks and forests. Hippies distanced themselves from mainstream culture through colorful, flowing clothing and long hair. San Francisco became the birthplace of the movement in the Haight-Ashbury district, where psychedelic rock concerts and "be-ins" were held. Woodstock in 1969 drew over 250,000 hippies and became a profound religious experience for many through shared resources and illegal drug use.
Segregation in the Post World War II Period
The document summarizes segregation and racial discrimination faced by African Americans in the post-World War II period in the United States. It describes how segregation was practiced in schools, housing, marriage, workplaces, and politics through both de jure and de facto means. It also discusses early efforts to challenge segregation through organizations like CORE and NAACP, as well as important court cases that began dismantling Jim Crow laws in the 1930s-1940s. The landmark Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court case in 1954 overturned the separate but equal doctrine and outlawed racial segregation in public schools.
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Social Unrest During the 1920s
- 2. Strikes: • 1919- more than 3000 strikes; most failed • Caused by end of wartime wage agreements • Created a legacy of public fear and anger • Union membership declined • Employers offered better benefits to workers
- 3. Red Scare: • Fear of the spread of communism into the U.S. • 1919-campaign against radicalism (Palmer Raids) - A. Mitchell Palmer (U.S. Attorney General) -J. Edgar Hoover (head of General Intelligence Division of Justice Department) -The Palmer Raids were attempts by the United States Department of Justice to arrest and deport radical leftists, especially anarchists, from the United States. (more than 500 foreign citizens were deported)
- 4. Red Scare continued… • 1920- creation of American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) to challenge constitutionality of laws and actions of government
- 5. As a Result of the Red Scare • Many people were unjustly accused of being communists • Hundreds of alien “radicals” were deported • Many states passed laws making it illegal to advocate violence
- 6. Anti-immigrant Sentiment • To slow immigration, two acts were passed by Congress: -Emergency Quota Act of 1921: added 2 new features to American immigration law: (numerical limits on immigration from Europe and the use of a quota system for establishing those limits) The Act restricted the number of immigrants admitted from any country annually to 3% of the number of residents from that same country living in the United States -National Origins Act of 1924: the law was aimed at further restricting the Southern and Eastern Europeans who were immigrating in large numbers starting in the 1890s, as well as prohibiting the immigration of Middle Easterners, East Asians and Asian Indians. (lowered the 3% to 2%)
- 7. Sacco and Vanzetti Case • 1920-1921 (evidence of hostile attitudes toward immigrants) • They were anarchists who were convicted of murdering two men during a 1920 armed robbery in South Braintree, Massachusetts. • After a controversial trial and a series of appeals, the two Italian immigrants were executed on August 23, 1927. • There is a highly politicized dispute over their guilt or innocence, as well as whether or not the trials were fair. Bartolomeo Vanzetti (left) and Nicola Sacco in handcuffs
- 8. Traditionalists Fight Over Change in America • Revival of Ku Klux Klan: -gained strength across the U.S. -broadened its attacks to include not only African Americans, but also Jews, Catholics, and foreigners -membership rose to 5 million men by 1925 -greed and hypocrisy of Klan leaders led to its decline; by 1930 it had only 9000 members Ku Klux Klan rally, Gainesville, Florida, December 31, 1922.
- 9. Era of Prohibition • 1919-1933- the 18th Amendment led to passage of Volstead Act to enforce prohibition • Private clubs (speakeasies) flourished • Bootlegging grew and led to organized crime such as Al Capone’s group in Chicago • 21st Amendment repealed the 18th Amendment A raid in 1925, in Elk Lake, Ontario
- 10. Rise of Fundamentalism • Christian Fundamentalism: belief in literal interpretation of the Bible led to challenge against teaching evolution • 1925 Scopes Trial “Monkey Trial” -Tennessee law forbid teaching evolution -John Scopes (high school teacher) violated the law -ACLU defended Scopes (ACLU lawyer Clarence Darrow) -prosecutor was William Jennings Bryan -Scope was found guilty-fined 100 dollars -trial exposed intolerance common in the U.S. in the 1920s Clarence Darrow (left) and William Jennings Bryan chat in court during the Scopes Trial.
- 11. Women in the 1920s • 19th Amendment (1920) gave women the right to vote • Equal Rights Amendment: was proposed but never enacted -wanted protection against all forms of discrimination based on gender
- 12. Modern Woman of the 1920s • Women’s behavior also changed: -smoking -drinking -dating without chaperones • New sexual practices would follow. • Dances such as the Charleston were popular. • Inspired by women such as Margaret Sanger, women began to question their doctors and to seek more information about birth control. • Opponents said such a movement was increasing female immorality.
- 13. African Americans in the 1920s • The 1920s inspired an outpouring of African- American talent. • The Harlem Renaissance produced writers such as Langston Hughes and Countee Cullen. • Jazz music emerged, dominated by African- Americans and adopted by white musicians.