This document discusses the role of Social Studies Education in promoting cultural values for national
integration in Nigeria. It begins by defining culture and cultural values, explaining that cultural values vary
between societies but also have some universal aspects. It then discusses the nature and goals of Social Studies
Education, arguing that it aims to foster understanding of cultural patterns and citizenship education. Finally,
it concludes that Social Studies Education has the capacity to inculcate Nigerian cultural values and promote
national unity, but that the curriculum and teacher training need improvements to fully realize this goal.
11.nigerias debased values system at the modern era implications for sports d...Alexander Decker
The document discusses Nigeria's debased values system in the modern era and its implications for sports development. Some key aspects of Nigeria's debased values that were discussed include cheating and falsification of age among athletes, lack of time consciousness or "African time", excessive quest for materialism and emphasis on money, unpatriotism, ethnocentric sentiments, and overdependence on foreign goods and services. These debased values negatively impact sports in areas like participation, administration, facilities/equipment, and development at local, national and international levels. Recommendations included public orientation campaigns on values and their effects, and strengthening values education in Nigerian schools.
Culture is a complex concept that includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, customs, and habits acquired by people in society. It is learned rather than inherited, and transmitted between generations through socialization. A culture consists of both material aspects like housing and diet as well as non-material aspects like values and beliefs. Cultures are diverse due to geographical and other factors but also share some uniformity. Socialization is how culture is learned and shapes people's behaviors, roles, and personality to fit within a society. Modern societies are increasingly transcultural as elements of different cultures interact and influence each other.
Culture is learned and shared within a group. It is the cumulative traditions, beliefs, and norms that are passed down through generations. While aspects of culture are shared within a group, it is also diverse and dynamic. Cultures change over time as new ideas are adopted and old ways discarded due to factors like globalization and technology. Culture provides a framework that influences many aspects of people's lives from how they dress and speak to gender roles and marriage traditions.
This document discusses the relationship between culture and education. It defines culture as the shared patterns of beliefs, behaviors, and values that are learned and transmitted within societies. Education is defined as the progressive development of innate powers and the creation of good citizenship. The document outlines how culture influences elements of education like the school, teachers, curriculum, and teaching methods. It also explains how education preserves, transmits, develops, and refines culture from one generation to the next. The key relationship discussed is that culture and education are mutually interdependent and neither can develop fully in the absence of the other.
This ppt covers all the points as per the prescribed format of Maharashtra University of Health Sciences Nashik for the course Post Basic Bsc Nursing .
Sociology is the scientific study of human social life, groups and societies. Key figures in the development of sociology include Ibn Khaldun, considered one of the founders of modern historiography; Auguste Comte who proposed applying the scientific method to social phenomena; Herbert Spencer who believed society operates under fixed laws; and Karl Marx who introduced the conflict perspective focusing on class conflict. Other important early sociologists were Emile Durkheim who identified the role of social integration and Max Weber who examined the influence of social groups on people's orientations.
This document discusses the relationship between culture and education. It defines culture as socially transmitted patterns of behavior, knowledge, beliefs, and customs characteristic of a group. The document outlines different types of culture including individual, communal, national, and world culture. It also describes key characteristics of culture such as being acquired, distinct, transmitted between generations, useful to society, and dynamic/changing over time. The document notes that culture and education are interdependent and that education can help bridge gaps when cultural changes occur at different rates.
11.nigerias debased values system at the modern era implications for sports d...Alexander Decker
The document discusses Nigeria's debased values system in the modern era and its implications for sports development. Some key aspects of Nigeria's debased values that were discussed include cheating and falsification of age among athletes, lack of time consciousness or "African time", excessive quest for materialism and emphasis on money, unpatriotism, ethnocentric sentiments, and overdependence on foreign goods and services. These debased values negatively impact sports in areas like participation, administration, facilities/equipment, and development at local, national and international levels. Recommendations included public orientation campaigns on values and their effects, and strengthening values education in Nigerian schools.
Culture is a complex concept that includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, customs, and habits acquired by people in society. It is learned rather than inherited, and transmitted between generations through socialization. A culture consists of both material aspects like housing and diet as well as non-material aspects like values and beliefs. Cultures are diverse due to geographical and other factors but also share some uniformity. Socialization is how culture is learned and shapes people's behaviors, roles, and personality to fit within a society. Modern societies are increasingly transcultural as elements of different cultures interact and influence each other.
Culture is learned and shared within a group. It is the cumulative traditions, beliefs, and norms that are passed down through generations. While aspects of culture are shared within a group, it is also diverse and dynamic. Cultures change over time as new ideas are adopted and old ways discarded due to factors like globalization and technology. Culture provides a framework that influences many aspects of people's lives from how they dress and speak to gender roles and marriage traditions.
This document discusses the relationship between culture and education. It defines culture as the shared patterns of beliefs, behaviors, and values that are learned and transmitted within societies. Education is defined as the progressive development of innate powers and the creation of good citizenship. The document outlines how culture influences elements of education like the school, teachers, curriculum, and teaching methods. It also explains how education preserves, transmits, develops, and refines culture from one generation to the next. The key relationship discussed is that culture and education are mutually interdependent and neither can develop fully in the absence of the other.
This ppt covers all the points as per the prescribed format of Maharashtra University of Health Sciences Nashik for the course Post Basic Bsc Nursing .
Sociology is the scientific study of human social life, groups and societies. Key figures in the development of sociology include Ibn Khaldun, considered one of the founders of modern historiography; Auguste Comte who proposed applying the scientific method to social phenomena; Herbert Spencer who believed society operates under fixed laws; and Karl Marx who introduced the conflict perspective focusing on class conflict. Other important early sociologists were Emile Durkheim who identified the role of social integration and Max Weber who examined the influence of social groups on people's orientations.
This document discusses the relationship between culture and education. It defines culture as socially transmitted patterns of behavior, knowledge, beliefs, and customs characteristic of a group. The document outlines different types of culture including individual, communal, national, and world culture. It also describes key characteristics of culture such as being acquired, distinct, transmitted between generations, useful to society, and dynamic/changing over time. The document notes that culture and education are interdependent and that education can help bridge gaps when cultural changes occur at different rates.
Culture is unique to humans and is essential for human survival and development. Culture includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws, and customs acquired through living in society. Culture serves important functions for both individuals and groups. For individuals, culture distinguishes humans from animals, provides solutions to problems, shapes interpretations and behaviors, and allows for personality development. For groups, culture maintains social relationships, provides a shared vision and sense of community, and creates new needs that drive cooperation and progress.
When two or more people come together with a shared purpose, they form a culture with written and unwritten rules for behavior. Cultural environments provide standards people must adapt to, and cultures are constantly changing and adapting to internal and external forces. Multiculturalism refers to the coexistence of diverse cultures including racial, religious, or cultural groups manifested in behaviors, values, thinking styles, and communication styles. Multicultural education aims to create equal opportunities for students from diverse backgrounds by transforming schools and helping students develop positive attitudes toward different groups.
This document discusses key concepts in organizational culture and sociology. It defines organizational culture as shared assumptions, values and beliefs that influence behavior in organizations. Cultural traits are the smallest units of culture, such as objects, techniques, beliefs or attitudes that are passed between generations. Cultural complexes are groups of related cultural traits organized around a dominant trait, like a political party. Cultural patterns are collections of cultural complexes that are interrelated but not isolated. The document also discusses cultural lag, which is a gap between changing material culture like technology versus non-material culture like beliefs, which may change at different rates.
This presentation covers the basic topics of value education like valuing nature, valuing culture, social justice, human heritage, common property resources, ecological degradation and human rights
1. The document discusses the concept of culture and cultural diversity. It defines culture as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, customs, and behaviors shared by a group and communicated between generations.
2. It outlines the seven main elements of culture: social organization, customs and traditions, religion, language, arts and literature, forms of government, and economic systems. Family structure, social classes, rules of behavior, and religious beliefs are some examples provided.
3. The document then discusses the importance of culture in shaping individuals' attitudes, identities, and personalities. It notes that culture is an integral part of living.
The document discusses the concept of culture from several perspectives, including definitions of culture, the nature and types of culture, components that make up culture like symbols and values, how culture evolves and is transmitted between groups, and how culture relates to concepts like socialization and the development of a trans-cultural society. It provides an overview of key aspects of culture through examining views from various scholars and exploring how culture functions in societies.
Culture can be defined in multiple ways but generally refers to the shared ways of living of members of a society. It includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws, customs, and other capabilities acquired by people as members of society. Culture is learned and transmitted between generations through social learning and language. It has various aspects including material culture like tools and technology as well as non-material culture like values, beliefs and social organizations. Culture is shared within a society and helps create social norms, unity, and adjustment to the environment.
This document discusses culture and its impact on business. It defines culture and lists its key elements, including attitudes, values, beliefs and practices. It also outlines Hofstede's 5 dimensions of national culture that influence behavior: individualism vs collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity vs femininity, and long vs short-term orientation. The document then examines causes of cultural differences between countries and how culture can change over time due to factors like technology, economics and politics. It provides examples of cultural behaviors that affect business and strategies for reconciling international cultural differences, such as cultural awareness and grouping similar countries.
This document discusses the relationship between cultural diversity and crime. It begins by defining key terms like culture, cultural diversity, and how crime can be viewed as both a culture and something that interacts with culture. It then discusses how cultural norms can justify criminal behavior in some groups. The document also addresses how cultural diversity impacts the framing of laws, enforcement of laws, and the use of evidence in criminal cases. It notes some paradoxes, like how fear of crime can increase while actual crime decreases. The overall summary is that this document examines the complex ways that cultural diversity and differences can both relate to and influence criminal behavior and the criminal justice system.
1. Definition of Culture
2. Elements of Culture
3. Types of Culture
4. Characteristics of Culture
5. Role of culture in the life of a person
6. Impact of culture on educational institution
7. Impact of education on culture
This document discusses cultural change and diversity. It defines culture and lists its key elements, which include social organization, customs, religion, language, arts, government, and economic systems. The document explains that cultural change occurs through invention, environmental changes, and diffusion between societies. Cultural diversity refers to the variety of cultural differences that exist worldwide or within a society. It is important because it creates richer perspectives, encourages compassion, reflects globalization trends, and opens new market opportunities. In conclusion, all societies have unique cultures that evolve over time, and embracing cultural diversity is important for a sustainable lifestyle.
Culture can be defined as the complex set of knowledge, beliefs, customs, and habits that are acquired by people as members of a society. It includes both material and non-material aspects that are shared, patterned, and help people adapt and make sense of their social experiences. The key elements of culture are beliefs, values, norms, and sanctions. Beliefs represent people's ideas about how the world works, values indicate what is good or bad, norms are rules of behavior, and sanctions reward or punish those behaviors. Culture is also composed of material aspects like artifacts, food, clothing, and technology used to produce tools and shelter.
Read and Share to your friends
Culture is way of life that includes Laws, believes, Norms, habits, Knowledge that human adopted or collected from their forefather to live in society. Every community have different culture their Laws their Traditions are also differ.
Culture refers to the shared beliefs, values, behaviors, and objects that represent a society's way of life. It includes both material and non-material aspects such as traditions, language, ideas, and norms. Culture is learned, dynamic, and varies across different societies. It provides people with meaning, social structure, and guides how members of a society should behave and view the world. The document discusses various components of culture like symbols, values, norms, and folkways that shape a group's way of life.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to culture. It defines culture as the ways of thinking, acting, and material objects that form a society's way of life. Culture includes nonmaterial elements like ideas and material elements like tangible objects. It also discusses the common elements that make up all cultures, such as symbols, language, values, norms, and technology. The document examines concepts like cultural diversity, change, and frameworks for analyzing culture.
This document defines culture and discusses its mechanisms and functions. It defines culture as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, morals and habits acquired by people in society. Culture is transmitted between generations and reflects a group's way of life. Mechanisms of culture include folkways, mores, laws, institutions, and fashions. Culture provides behavioral patterns, maintains group functioning, and offers solutions to problems. The document also examines the dimensions, characteristics, types of cultural adaptation, and stages of adjusting to a new culture.
This document provides an overview of Indian culture, including definitions and characteristics of culture. It begins by defining culture as the complex whole of knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws, customs, and other capabilities acquired by humans as members of society. It then outlines 10 key characteristics of culture: culture is learned, social, shared, transmissive, continuous and cumulative, consistent and interconnected, dynamic and adaptive, gratifying, varies between societies, and super organic and ideational. The document emphasizes that spirituality is the master key of Indian culture and that India has always had a strong sense of the infinite.
Culture can be defined as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, customs, and habits that are acquired by people as members of a society. It includes both material and non-material aspects that are inherited and created through living together. Culture is learned, transmitted between generations, shared among members of a society, and patterned in an integrated way. It helps societies adapt but can also be maladaptive. Key elements of culture include beliefs, values, norms and sanctions, material culture, and technology.
Human Rights, Gender Equality, and the Question of Justice: A Re-Examination ...IJAEMSJORNAL
Traditional cultural practices reflect the values and beliefs held by members of a community for periods of time. Every social grouping in the world has specific traditional cultural practices and beliefs, some of which are beneficial to all members, while others have become harmful to a specific group, such as women. These harmful and, sometimes, discriminatory traditional practices include early and forced marriages, virginity testing, widow’s ritual, female genital mutilation, the primogeniture rule, and witch-hunting. Despite their harmful nature and their violation of national and international human rights laws, such practices persist because they are not questioned or challenged and therefore take on an aura of morality in the eyes of those practicing them. The purpose of this study is to discuss the impact of culture, tradition, customs, and law on gender equality in Africa. Applying the critical and analytic methods in philosophy, the study observes that law reform and development have traditionally focused on state legal institutions to the exclusion of customary legal system, and that where the courts had an opportunity to develop the customary legal system they either reinforced archaic customary laws or imposed Western ideology. This study further investigates, by means of interview in Nsukka part of Igbo-Africa, how ordinary men and women in Africa understand women’s right, and how their attitudes are tied to local conception of masculinity. The investigation reveals that a new configuration of gender relations is evident in Africa – one that accommodates some aspects of women’s rights while retaining previous notions of innate male authority. It concludes by showing that harmful traditional practices are unjust as they violate women’s human rights (guaranteed in the Constitution), perpetuate the inequalities between women and men, and contribute to extreme poverty that government should fight to eradicate. Man and woman have the same dignity and are of equal value ontologically, and as such, we recommend that different African societies should uphold this ontological equality and dignity while socially constructing gender.
Cultural Rationality andthe Igbo SocietyQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT:Culture is complex. Each culture is clearly different. This is because of its unique historical evolution. This confers on it qualities that make it peculiar, original and an organic whole. Culture as the entire way of life of a people past and present, has dynamic interplay of factors promoting progress, adaptation and interaction. Global change constantly challenges people to maintain their identity in the face of new conditions. Notwithstanding culture is marked by stable and enduring elements as well as by changing and contingent factors. As a way of life, culture includes art, religion and religiosity, marriage and family, elders and ancestors, egalitarian societal values etc. The Igbo people have a profound religious sense in which the existence of the divine being and the invisible spirit world is natural. This study will examine some components of culture and highlights cultural erosion that affects the esteemed values vis-à-vis global changes. This leads to the trend to jettison original cultural authenticity by its sons and daughters. Hence the urgent challenge to engage the rest of the world within a composite framework situated in a purely African reality in spite of global change.
Culture is unique to humans and is essential for human survival and development. Culture includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws, and customs acquired through living in society. Culture serves important functions for both individuals and groups. For individuals, culture distinguishes humans from animals, provides solutions to problems, shapes interpretations and behaviors, and allows for personality development. For groups, culture maintains social relationships, provides a shared vision and sense of community, and creates new needs that drive cooperation and progress.
When two or more people come together with a shared purpose, they form a culture with written and unwritten rules for behavior. Cultural environments provide standards people must adapt to, and cultures are constantly changing and adapting to internal and external forces. Multiculturalism refers to the coexistence of diverse cultures including racial, religious, or cultural groups manifested in behaviors, values, thinking styles, and communication styles. Multicultural education aims to create equal opportunities for students from diverse backgrounds by transforming schools and helping students develop positive attitudes toward different groups.
This document discusses key concepts in organizational culture and sociology. It defines organizational culture as shared assumptions, values and beliefs that influence behavior in organizations. Cultural traits are the smallest units of culture, such as objects, techniques, beliefs or attitudes that are passed between generations. Cultural complexes are groups of related cultural traits organized around a dominant trait, like a political party. Cultural patterns are collections of cultural complexes that are interrelated but not isolated. The document also discusses cultural lag, which is a gap between changing material culture like technology versus non-material culture like beliefs, which may change at different rates.
This presentation covers the basic topics of value education like valuing nature, valuing culture, social justice, human heritage, common property resources, ecological degradation and human rights
1. The document discusses the concept of culture and cultural diversity. It defines culture as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, customs, and behaviors shared by a group and communicated between generations.
2. It outlines the seven main elements of culture: social organization, customs and traditions, religion, language, arts and literature, forms of government, and economic systems. Family structure, social classes, rules of behavior, and religious beliefs are some examples provided.
3. The document then discusses the importance of culture in shaping individuals' attitudes, identities, and personalities. It notes that culture is an integral part of living.
The document discusses the concept of culture from several perspectives, including definitions of culture, the nature and types of culture, components that make up culture like symbols and values, how culture evolves and is transmitted between groups, and how culture relates to concepts like socialization and the development of a trans-cultural society. It provides an overview of key aspects of culture through examining views from various scholars and exploring how culture functions in societies.
Culture can be defined in multiple ways but generally refers to the shared ways of living of members of a society. It includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws, customs, and other capabilities acquired by people as members of society. Culture is learned and transmitted between generations through social learning and language. It has various aspects including material culture like tools and technology as well as non-material culture like values, beliefs and social organizations. Culture is shared within a society and helps create social norms, unity, and adjustment to the environment.
This document discusses culture and its impact on business. It defines culture and lists its key elements, including attitudes, values, beliefs and practices. It also outlines Hofstede's 5 dimensions of national culture that influence behavior: individualism vs collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity vs femininity, and long vs short-term orientation. The document then examines causes of cultural differences between countries and how culture can change over time due to factors like technology, economics and politics. It provides examples of cultural behaviors that affect business and strategies for reconciling international cultural differences, such as cultural awareness and grouping similar countries.
This document discusses the relationship between cultural diversity and crime. It begins by defining key terms like culture, cultural diversity, and how crime can be viewed as both a culture and something that interacts with culture. It then discusses how cultural norms can justify criminal behavior in some groups. The document also addresses how cultural diversity impacts the framing of laws, enforcement of laws, and the use of evidence in criminal cases. It notes some paradoxes, like how fear of crime can increase while actual crime decreases. The overall summary is that this document examines the complex ways that cultural diversity and differences can both relate to and influence criminal behavior and the criminal justice system.
1. Definition of Culture
2. Elements of Culture
3. Types of Culture
4. Characteristics of Culture
5. Role of culture in the life of a person
6. Impact of culture on educational institution
7. Impact of education on culture
This document discusses cultural change and diversity. It defines culture and lists its key elements, which include social organization, customs, religion, language, arts, government, and economic systems. The document explains that cultural change occurs through invention, environmental changes, and diffusion between societies. Cultural diversity refers to the variety of cultural differences that exist worldwide or within a society. It is important because it creates richer perspectives, encourages compassion, reflects globalization trends, and opens new market opportunities. In conclusion, all societies have unique cultures that evolve over time, and embracing cultural diversity is important for a sustainable lifestyle.
Culture can be defined as the complex set of knowledge, beliefs, customs, and habits that are acquired by people as members of a society. It includes both material and non-material aspects that are shared, patterned, and help people adapt and make sense of their social experiences. The key elements of culture are beliefs, values, norms, and sanctions. Beliefs represent people's ideas about how the world works, values indicate what is good or bad, norms are rules of behavior, and sanctions reward or punish those behaviors. Culture is also composed of material aspects like artifacts, food, clothing, and technology used to produce tools and shelter.
Read and Share to your friends
Culture is way of life that includes Laws, believes, Norms, habits, Knowledge that human adopted or collected from their forefather to live in society. Every community have different culture their Laws their Traditions are also differ.
Culture refers to the shared beliefs, values, behaviors, and objects that represent a society's way of life. It includes both material and non-material aspects such as traditions, language, ideas, and norms. Culture is learned, dynamic, and varies across different societies. It provides people with meaning, social structure, and guides how members of a society should behave and view the world. The document discusses various components of culture like symbols, values, norms, and folkways that shape a group's way of life.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to culture. It defines culture as the ways of thinking, acting, and material objects that form a society's way of life. Culture includes nonmaterial elements like ideas and material elements like tangible objects. It also discusses the common elements that make up all cultures, such as symbols, language, values, norms, and technology. The document examines concepts like cultural diversity, change, and frameworks for analyzing culture.
This document defines culture and discusses its mechanisms and functions. It defines culture as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, morals and habits acquired by people in society. Culture is transmitted between generations and reflects a group's way of life. Mechanisms of culture include folkways, mores, laws, institutions, and fashions. Culture provides behavioral patterns, maintains group functioning, and offers solutions to problems. The document also examines the dimensions, characteristics, types of cultural adaptation, and stages of adjusting to a new culture.
This document provides an overview of Indian culture, including definitions and characteristics of culture. It begins by defining culture as the complex whole of knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws, customs, and other capabilities acquired by humans as members of society. It then outlines 10 key characteristics of culture: culture is learned, social, shared, transmissive, continuous and cumulative, consistent and interconnected, dynamic and adaptive, gratifying, varies between societies, and super organic and ideational. The document emphasizes that spirituality is the master key of Indian culture and that India has always had a strong sense of the infinite.
Culture can be defined as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, customs, and habits that are acquired by people as members of a society. It includes both material and non-material aspects that are inherited and created through living together. Culture is learned, transmitted between generations, shared among members of a society, and patterned in an integrated way. It helps societies adapt but can also be maladaptive. Key elements of culture include beliefs, values, norms and sanctions, material culture, and technology.
Human Rights, Gender Equality, and the Question of Justice: A Re-Examination ...IJAEMSJORNAL
Traditional cultural practices reflect the values and beliefs held by members of a community for periods of time. Every social grouping in the world has specific traditional cultural practices and beliefs, some of which are beneficial to all members, while others have become harmful to a specific group, such as women. These harmful and, sometimes, discriminatory traditional practices include early and forced marriages, virginity testing, widow’s ritual, female genital mutilation, the primogeniture rule, and witch-hunting. Despite their harmful nature and their violation of national and international human rights laws, such practices persist because they are not questioned or challenged and therefore take on an aura of morality in the eyes of those practicing them. The purpose of this study is to discuss the impact of culture, tradition, customs, and law on gender equality in Africa. Applying the critical and analytic methods in philosophy, the study observes that law reform and development have traditionally focused on state legal institutions to the exclusion of customary legal system, and that where the courts had an opportunity to develop the customary legal system they either reinforced archaic customary laws or imposed Western ideology. This study further investigates, by means of interview in Nsukka part of Igbo-Africa, how ordinary men and women in Africa understand women’s right, and how their attitudes are tied to local conception of masculinity. The investigation reveals that a new configuration of gender relations is evident in Africa – one that accommodates some aspects of women’s rights while retaining previous notions of innate male authority. It concludes by showing that harmful traditional practices are unjust as they violate women’s human rights (guaranteed in the Constitution), perpetuate the inequalities between women and men, and contribute to extreme poverty that government should fight to eradicate. Man and woman have the same dignity and are of equal value ontologically, and as such, we recommend that different African societies should uphold this ontological equality and dignity while socially constructing gender.
Cultural Rationality andthe Igbo SocietyQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT:Culture is complex. Each culture is clearly different. This is because of its unique historical evolution. This confers on it qualities that make it peculiar, original and an organic whole. Culture as the entire way of life of a people past and present, has dynamic interplay of factors promoting progress, adaptation and interaction. Global change constantly challenges people to maintain their identity in the face of new conditions. Notwithstanding culture is marked by stable and enduring elements as well as by changing and contingent factors. As a way of life, culture includes art, religion and religiosity, marriage and family, elders and ancestors, egalitarian societal values etc. The Igbo people have a profound religious sense in which the existence of the divine being and the invisible spirit world is natural. This study will examine some components of culture and highlights cultural erosion that affects the esteemed values vis-à-vis global changes. This leads to the trend to jettison original cultural authenticity by its sons and daughters. Hence the urgent challenge to engage the rest of the world within a composite framework situated in a purely African reality in spite of global change.
Culture can be defined in several ways. It encompasses the characteristics and knowledge of a group, including language, religion, cuisine, social habits, arts, beliefs, and institutions. Culture is shared within a society and provides traditions and practices that are learned and passed down between generations. It is dynamic and constantly changing as societies adapt over time to new ideas and conditions.
Culture can be defined as the acquired knowledge, beliefs, arts, and customs that are shared and passed down by members of a society. It includes aspects like language, religion, social norms, and other practices. A key part of culture is socialization - the process by which people are trained to be part of their society and adopt its values and behaviors from an early age through various socializing agents. Culture plays an important role in socialization by defining situations, providing a base for social norms, transforming individuals, and shaping attitudes. A transcultural society is one in which multiple cultures interact and blend together, resulting in cultural exchange and the emergence of new shared values across national and cultural boundaries.
This document discusses the relationship between culture and education. It defines culture as shared beliefs, values, customs, and behaviors transmitted between generations through learning. Education is seen as both a formal type of culture and as the means through which culture is preserved, refined, and enriched over time. The major aims of education are to impart cultural heritage and help cultural change and transmission from one generation to the next. Culture influences education by determining its aims and objectives and the relationship between teachers and students. Both culture and education facilitate individual adjustment in society and development of high social, moral, and spiritual values.
Culture refers to the shared beliefs, values, behaviors, and objects that represent a society's way of life. It includes both material and non-material aspects of a group. Culture is learned, shared, transmitted between generations, and dynamic. It provides structure to society and guides behaviors, decisions, and communication. A key component of culture is its symbols, values, and norms which dictate what is considered acceptable or desirable within a group.
This document discusses the concept of culture from sociological perspectives. It provides several definitions of culture, including defining it as the customary ways that groups organize their behaviors, thinking, and feelings. Culture encompasses both tangible aspects like tools and intangible aspects like norms and is shared and transmitted between generations through socialization and language. The major elements of culture discussed are knowledge, social norms like folkways and mores, beliefs, values, and material objects. Culture enables human societies to adapt to their physical and social environments.
The document discusses different definitions and perspectives of culture. It notes that culture is difficult to define as it encompasses many fields like anthropology, sociology, and history. It discusses Arnold's view of culture referring only to high artistic works, which was later criticized for excluding most people. Tylor's definition considered culture as the complex knowledge, beliefs, arts, and habits of a whole society. The document also mentions Goodenough's cognitive view of culture as the knowledge people must acquire to function in a society.
Culture consists of the beliefs, behaviors, objects, and other characteristics shared by a society. It is learned and transmitted between generations. The key elements of culture include language, symbols, norms, values, beliefs, and cognitive elements. Culture influences all aspects of human life and societies. It is integrated and responsive to environmental conditions. There are different types of cultures, including material culture related to objects and non-material culture related to beliefs and practices. Multiculturalism recognizes and respects cultural differences within societies.
The document discusses various aspects of culture and its transmission through education. It defines culture and lists some key characteristics, such as culture being learned, shared, transmitted between generations, and adaptive. It describes different elements of culture, such as material vs. non-material culture, real vs. ideal culture, sub-cultures, and cultural traits, complexes, areas, diffusion and universals. It emphasizes the important role of education, both formal and informal, in the transmission and transformation of a society's culture to new generations. Methods discussed include curriculum, textbooks, language and symbols used in educational institutions.
1. Remain open-minded and willing to learn about new cultural practices and beliefs. Cultural changes occur as societies become more diverse and globalized.
2. Participate in cultural traditions of other groups to gain understanding and appreciation of different perspectives. This can help with social integration of new cultural influences.
3. Adjust behaviors and language usage to be respectful of cultural norms that are different from your own upbringing. Societies are becoming more sensitive to avoiding offense from insensitive words or actions.
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Culture defines a group's values, beliefs, and customs. It allows people to develop a unique identity within society but also connects people through shared interests. While some cultural aspects differ greatly between groups, technology has increased global connections and influenced many cultures. However, cultural differences can still cause social issues if one group does not agree or understand another's values. The essay discusses how an individual's culture shapes their identity and worldview.
Culture refers to the complex set of knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, and customs that are acquired by people as members of a society. It includes both material objects like buildings and tools as well as non-material aspects like language, beliefs, and rituals. Culture is learned and transmitted between generations, though it is not static and allows for some change over time. It provides people with norms and values to structure society and fulfill social needs. There are different types of culture including real culture that is practiced versus ideal culture, and material culture involving physical objects versus non-material involving abstract aspects.
Culture is a complex concept that can be defined in various ways. Broadly, culture refers to the learned behaviors, beliefs, values, and customs that are shared by a group of people. It encompasses aspects like communication styles, norms, food, art, and clothing. Culture is passed down through generations, shaping how individuals and groups perceive and interact with the world. While cultures vary widely, there are also common elements like gender roles that are shared across societies. Culture plays a significant role in human development and social cohesion.
Culture is defined in several ways by different scholars. Linton viewed culture as learned behaviors and elements shared and transmitted within a society. Taylor saw culture as a complex whole including knowledge, beliefs, arts, and habits acquired as a member of a society. Kasper referred to culture as patterns from literature, language, music, sculpture, and art.
Culture is learned as people acquire it through experience rather than being born with it. Culture is a group product that is transmitted between generations and is continually changing and adapting. Folkways are customary behaviors, and mores embody a group's fundamental values. Cultural norms establish standards of thought and conduct. Sub-cultures accept some larger cultural norms but also have their own
This document discusses key concepts related to culture and society. It defines culture as the totality of learned behaviors and beliefs shared by a group of people. A society consists of people who share a common culture and heritage. All societies exhibit certain cultural universals, or practices that meet essential human needs. While cultural practices are universal, how they are expressed varies across cultures. The document also discusses concepts like ethnocentrism, cultural relativism, norms, values, and the role of language and symbols in shaping culture.
Culture is a complex whole which includes, Knowledge, Belief, Art, Morals, Law, Customs and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society (Edward B. Tylor).
Culture consists of learned patterns of behavior, knowledge, and beliefs that are shared by members of a society. It facilitates interaction between humans and their environment. Culture is transmitted between generations through social learning and is both explicit and implicit. It includes beliefs, values, norms, and institutionalized ways of living that provide solutions to problems of survival. While culture is shared within groups, it is also dynamic and can adapt to changes over time.
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Social studies education an imperative for the promotion of cultural values for national integration in nigeria.
1. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2863 (Online)
Vol.3, No.9, 2013
71
Social Studies Education: An Imperative for the Promotion of
Cultural Values for National Integration in Nigeria.
ADEDIRAN A. A
Department of Social Studies School of Arts And Social Sciences, Federal College of Education, Abeokuta
Email Address: speaktoa3@yahoo.com
ONIFADE, COMFORT ADENIKE
Department of Communication & General Studies, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Nigeria
Email address: drcaonifade@yahoo.com
Abstract
Nigeria is a nation of many ethnic groups with diverse cultures. Such cultures could be seen in the aspects of
religion, languages, dressing, types of food consumed, marriages, housing, occupation and so on. The cultural
values of the country have become a matter of concern since the development of any society is rooted in what
the members of such a society cherished or frown at. For instance, the cultural values which are cherished in the
country are basically focused on enhancing human dignity. Such values include discipline, integrity, dignity of
labour, social justice, religious tolerance, self-reliance and patriotism. These cultural values are clearly spelt out
in the National Philosophy as a measure to ensure rapid integration of the nation. It is believed that any group of
people that could not promote their values will surely have a problem of development. In Nigeria, Social Studies
Education was conceived as a subject to help heal the wounds of the civil war, ethnicity, ethnocentrism, social
and political problems, and to promote culture and national integration, co-operation, good citizenship, among
others using the instrument of school(Ezegbe,1988). This paper therefore examines the concept of culture and
cultural values, national integration, concept of Social Studies Education. It also highlighted the place of Social
Studies Education in the promotion of cultural values and national integration. The paper concluded by stating
that, Nigerian’s respect for each other’s cultural characteristics will foster national integration in the country.
Recommendations were made with a view to making Nigerian cultural values to be properly imparted to the
learners through Social Studies Education.
Introduction
Social Studies is a subject designed and evolved to foster in learners a better understanding of the
cultural values that guides the interactions of man with his physical and social environment. It is, the most
integrated of all subjects at the various levels of education and this has made it to be broad and contain different
kinds of elements. This broad nature makes Social Studies the most appropriate subject in the school curriculum
to meet the cultural values and moral goals of the society.
The concept of culture and cultural values
The term “culture” has different connotation, according to whether we have in mind the development of
an individual, a whole group or class, or a whole society. However, the culture of an individual is certainly
dependent on that of the group, which is in turn dependent on the culture of the society to which the group
belongs (Sofola, 1973). Culture can also be defined from the point of view of meeting human needs by providing
people with the tools and knowledge to survive. It is culture that provides societies with the social institutions
and relationships to satisfy human need for organizing ourselves in work and play (Nanda, 1995). The society,
through its collective experiences, then arrives at a philosophy which in turn stipulates certain precepts, moral
values, religion and modes of behaviours that constitute the values of the people (Sofola, 1973).
Generally, culture refers to the level of sophistication of the individual(s), thus a person can be
“cultured” and be “uncultured”. A deeper understanding of culture, can be viewed from anthropological and
sociological perspectives. Culture in this sense refers to all the things which human beings do but which have no
biological basis. In other words, all non-biological actions and behaviours of man are products of his culture.
Culture therefore refers to the total way of life of a given people. This includes any piece of pattern of behavior,
the attitude, norms, values, objects, skills, belief system and world look which human beings learn and adopt as
members of a given group or society. This indicates that culture is all-embracing of human social life, it is
learned or acquired. Culture therefore marks the dividing line between man and animals. While the behaviours of
animals are determined by instinct and are typical, those of man are influenced by the culture of his society.
Furthermore, Adelakun (1990) summarized culture as a total way of life of a people: The way they live from day
to day, what they do, behave, cherish, desire and how they go about these things.
The culture of every society is unique. It contains a combination of their norms and value as different
from those of other people. Every culture has three aspects to it, material culture - objects physical traits - tools,
2. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2863 (Online)
Vol.3, No.9, 2013
72
non-materials culture subdivided into cognitive (knowledge and beliefs) and normative (moral, laws, custom,
rules). Therefore, the African culture spells-out those aspects of life uniquely African, that are product of African
hand and African mind. Ogunmodede (1990) explains the essential point of African culture this way:
“African traditional culture held a human-face. There was dignity and respect - for human life which was
regarded sacred and to have come from God. Also, cohesion and well-being of the individual was ensured and
enhanced through appreciated virtues like spontaneous greetings, friendships and hospitality, cooperation and
brotherhood. Justice was accorded its rightful place as a moral imperative and life was peaceful”.
Cultural values
These are the attitudes which a particular society cherishes and abhors for the peaceful co-existence of
members of the society which brings about the development of such society. According to Nwuzor (2002),
cultural values are those worthwhile and acceptable aspects of non-material culture of a people which help in
molding the character of the people. They are the bedrock of the society. The value held in the society shape the
behaviours of the people, and when values are good, they are transmitted from generation to generation. The
essence is to bring up people who can think positively resulting to self-discovery and development for the
benefits of mankind. According to Maduekwe (1979), “sound mind breeds sound people, and sound people build
a sound nation”. He goes further to maintain that cultural values held by people help them to do good, say good
things and above all love themselves and be able to do the same to others around them, because one can only
give what he has to another person.
It is true that cultural value varies from place to place, society from society, but it is still true that there
are values which are acceptable by every society of the world. For instance, every society must have family
institutions for continuity of the society, and every society forbids murder although there may be differences in
the conception of circumstances which actually constitute this. Other examples of cultural universality are
cooking, bodily adornment, sports, dancing, food, taboos, incest taboos, laws, medicine, music, funeral
ceremonies, gift-giving, games, myths, property rights, personal names, religion, sexual restrictions and tool
making (Eddiefloyd 2003). Although, culture is universally practiced, the conception and practicability may
differ from place to place, and society to society. The extent to which a particular group of people uphold the
values will determine their relationship with other. The situation in which a particular group of people consider
their culture superior to others is referred to as ethnocentrism; which is the tendency of a cultural group to regard
its own culture as a yardstick or standard for judging the goodness or badness of other culture. Cultural
relativism occurs in a situation where one culture or cultural trait cannot be arbitrarily judged by the standard of
another culture.
According to Eddiefloyd (2003) cultural relativism is the function, meaning, significance and
desirability of cultural trait, element, or practice which depends upon its cultural setting. In other words, the
meaning and importance or function of any cultural trait, or practice can only, and should only be understood in
relation to the cultural content or milieu which embodies it. A cultural practice should not be appreciated or
analyzed, base on one’s motives, habits and general value system. A cultural practice which seems unintelligent,
stupid, senseless, or crude practices associated with certain cultural groups becomes intelligible when we take a
view of cultural relativism.
The Nature of Social Studies
Social Studies is natural development that has emerged as a result of cultural flow and transfer of ideas.
The subject has been an acceptable innovation in America and Britain since and before the beginning of the 20th
century. Hence its introduction into Africa follows logical consequence of cultural and political relationship that
existed between these three continents. That is why Social Studies may sometimes appear as a carbon-copy of
some programmes existing in the West. Social Studies is a corrective study that emphasizes objectives before
any content can be of significance.
Furthermore, the nature of Social Studies emphasizes the importance of man. Man is put in a central
position and his activities are studied in relation to various environments which could be physical, social or
psychological. Man can only exist in his varied environments by understanding, interacting, organizing and
running his society in an orderly cultural, economic and political setting. Hence, Social Studies will try to gather
relevant knowledge, values and skills centered on the subjects that form parts of these broad spheres of man. We
should remember that before Social Studies, the school curricula in these areas did emphasize the study of the
world. The world was placed in the centre of everything. Content was formulated to include its crust rotation and
movement around the sun, its original divisions and so on. History was looked at in terms of world power, how
one part of country governs its self and how it influence man. In the view of these subjects man was only put on
the periphery as one of the many parts rather than the manipulator of the physical social psychological forces.
Social Studies is the study of people in relation to each other and their world. It is an interdisciplinary subject
3. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2863 (Online)
Vol.3, No.9, 2013
73
that draws upon history, geography, economics, law, political science, and other disciplines. Social Studies
focuses on peoples relationship with their social, physical, spiritual, cultural, economic, political, and
technological environments. (Western Canadian protocol for collaboration in Basic Education, 2002). According
to Ogundare (2010), the nature of man as a social animal living in a particular environment to make his living
and to survive, together with the intellect of man and his sense of creativity, all make it necessary for man to
always have an organized or orderly society. Every member of the society has to be properly groomed to
function well in such society by developing abilities for social responsibilities.
The place of Social Studies in the promotion of cultural values
The place of Social Studies in the promotion of cultural values for national integration in Nigeria cannot
be over emphasized. It could be better understood when one views its aims, objectives and methodology vis a vis
the national philosophy. Joof and Okam, 1989 and Onifade, 2002 all agreed that the primary and overriding
purpose and features of Social Studies programme is citizenship education. They also opined that knowledge and
skills are necessary to process information, values, beliefs and social participation which are fundamental in
achieving good citizenship. In other words, Social Studies goes beyond acquisition of information to
development of attitudes, skills and values. An effective citizen is one who possesses certain desirable attributes
including; looking at things with a democratic slant; believing in decency and fairplay; forbearance and
acquisition of the customs, traditions and nationalistic ideals of his country.
Social studies as a problem solving subject in any society was introduced to solve the numerous
prevailing problems in society. It was first introduced in the United States of America and Britain in 1921 and
1945 respectively. The U.S.A which comprises many people from different continents was looking for a subject
that could socially unite the citizens. Britain on the other hand wanted to integrate her citizen after the end of
Second World War in 1945. In Nigeria, Social Studies Education was conceived as a subject to help in healing
the wound of the civil war, eliminate ethnicity and promote national unity, cooperation, good citizenship among
others, using the instrumentality of the school (Ezegbe 1988)
The committee on primary school Social Studies programme cited by Kissock (1981) view Social
Studies as those common learning of people’s interaction with the social and physical environment, adding that it
is not a study, but a way of life of how people influence and are influenced by the physical, social, political,
economic, psychological and cultural environment. Torpev (2006) defines Social Studies as a discipline which
places human beings as a central point in its studies, and how he influences his environment and how the
environment in turn influences him and his ability to withstand the environmental influences. It emphasizes the
ability of man to withstand the shock of environmental influence and uses such influences to his advantage.
One may ask, does Social Studies Education have the capacity of promoting cultural values in Nigeria?
To clear this doubt, it should be recalled that the goals of Social Studies are rooted on the National Policy on
Education (2008). The following educational goals are contained in the document:
The inculcation of national consciousness and national unity.
The inculcation of the right type of values and attitudes for the survival of the
individual and the Nigeria society.
The training of the mind in the understanding of the world around and the acquisition of the appropriate skills
and the development of mental, physical and social abilities and competences as equipment for individual to
live and contribute to the development of the society (FRN, 2008).
According to Udoh (1974) in Gold (2000) Social Studies objectives which are derived from national goals
includes:
To teach the learners to respect the rights and opinions of others.
To be skilled in securing, evaluating and presenting information.
To assure social and civic responsibility.
To learn about vocational activities and opportunities.
To exercise critical judgment
To understand and promote social process.
The overall aim of Social Studies education is to make learners become patriotic, socially responsible and
good citizens by understanding the social milieu they are operating from (Azide, 2007). The values which the
discipline inculcates in the learners according to Orakwue (2000) in Azide (2007) include an appreciation of the
diversity of Nigeria positive thinking, cooperation and honesty. It could therefore be seen that Social Studies has
the capacity of inculcating cultural values for the integration of Nigerian nation and Africa as a whole.
Conclusion and Recommendations
A vast and diverse country like Nigeria need to promote her cultural values for national development through
education. The subject Social Studies which is basically concerned with the cultural patterns of societies has to
4. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2863 (Online)
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play a major role in carrying out the task. For Nigerian cultural values to be properly imparted to the learners
through Social Studies Education:
- The subject should be implemented at the Senior Secondary School level, which is a big gap yet to be
filled.
- Only Social Studies specialist should be employed to teach Social Studies, as other subject specialist
would not do it well.
- Social Studies curriculum should be restructured for effective promotion of cultural values in the
country.
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