This document discusses culture and its impact on business. It defines culture and lists its key elements, including attitudes, values, beliefs and practices. It also outlines Hofstede's 5 dimensions of national culture that influence behavior: individualism vs collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity vs femininity, and long vs short-term orientation. The document then examines causes of cultural differences between countries and how culture can change over time due to factors like technology, economics and politics. It provides examples of cultural behaviors that affect business and strategies for reconciling international cultural differences, such as cultural awareness and grouping similar countries.

1. CULTURE

2. DEFINITION

3. CONCEPT OF CULTURE

4. ELEMETS OF CULTURE

5. HOFSTEDE’S 5 DIMENSION OF NATIONAL CULTURE

6. CAUSES OF CULTURE DIFFERENCE

7. WHY AND HOW THE CULTURE CHANGE

8. BEHAVIORAL PRACTICS AFFECTING BUSINESS

9. RECONCILIATION OF INTERNATIONAL DIFFERENCESDEFINITIONCulture consists of specific learned norms based on attitudes, values, and beliefs, all of which exist in every society – by John D. Daniels & Lee H. Radebaugh, 8th edition, 1998.Culture is defined as the values, attitudes, beliefs, artifacts and other meaningful symbols represented in the pattern of life adopted by people that help them interpret, evaluate and communicate as members of a society– by V. Kumar, 2000

10. DEFINITION cont..Culture configuration of learned behaviorand results of behavior whose component elements are shared and transmitted by members of particular society– by Ralph Linton, 1945

11. DEFINITION cont..Spiritual improvement, human thinking by practices and experiencesThe sum total of attitudes (sikap), values (nilai), beliefs (kepercayaan) and custom (adat/kebiasaan)Norms which influence personal character of the local populationLearning, practicing, sharing with the community

12. CONCEPT OF CULTURECulture is different across national borders and have a substantial impact on how business is normally conducted in different countries.Culture plays a major role in influencing human behavior, and understanding human behavior in a given situation is very important decision to engage in international business.

13. CONCEPT OF CULTURECulture is not a characteristic of individuals, its an attributes of a society and in compasses all members of that society who have been conditioned by similar life experience.Culture can be applied to groups of individuals in a country, society, profession or social organization.

14. ReligionAttitudes & ValuesLanguageTime

15. Age

16. Education

17. Status

18. International Language

19. Lingua Franca

20. TranslationELEMENT OF CULTURESocial StructureCommunicationVerbal

21. Non Verbal