2 culture accoding_to_silibus
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This document discusses culture and its impact on business. It defines culture and lists its key elements, including attitudes, values, beliefs and practices. It also outlines Hofstede's 5 dimensions of national culture that influence behavior: individualism vs collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity vs femininity, and long vs short-term orientation. The document then examines causes of cultural differences between countries and how culture can change over time due to factors like technology, economics and politics. It provides examples of cultural behaviors that affect business and strategies for reconciling international cultural differences, such as cultural awareness and grouping similar countries.
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The document discusses family traditions and their benefits. It notes that traditions can range from small repeated gestures to large celebrations, and that they are intentionally created to foster family unity and pass down values. Traditions are important as they give children a sense of identity and family history. They also strengthen family bonds and provide comfort during times of change. Overall, traditions that involve family interaction help create strong family relationships.
Ch4
This chapter discusses key cultural factors that global marketers must consider when doing business internationally. It introduces theories and models for understanding differences in cultures, such as Hall's context theory, Hofstede's cultural dimensions, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Key aspects of culture explored include social institutions, material and nonmaterial elements, attitudes and values, religion, aesthetics, language, and dietary preferences. The chapter emphasizes that culture unconsciously influences perception and must be understood to avoid ethnocentrism. Global marketers are advised to incorporate cultural understanding into their planning to appropriately adapt products for different markets.
Culture of Consumer Behavior
This document discusses various aspects of culture and how it impacts marketing. It defines culture and discusses how culture manifests through norms, consumption patterns, values and sanctions. It classifies cultural values into other-oriented, environment-oriented and self-oriented categories. It also discusses how culture is learned through enculturation and acculturation. Key elements that are part of a culture are discussed such as material culture, language, aesthetics, education, religion and social interactions. The document provides examples of how these different elements impact marketing tasks.
Managing organizational Culture
This document discusses key aspects of organizational culture including its definition, elements, types, how it is created and transmitted, its role in mergers and acquisitions, and the debate around whether cultures can be managed. It defines organizational culture as the shared assumptions, values, and beliefs that guide how an organization operates. It identifies elements that shape culture like risk tolerance, communication patterns, and reward systems. It also discusses how dominant and subcultures form and how strong versus weak cultures impact organizational effectiveness.
Cross administrative culture and values
Global Culture and Values, revealing how values and beliefs typically impact administrative interactions and influence administrative behaviour. It poses three major arenas for cross culture administrative skills:the domestic work environment, the integration of organisational cultures and values and the international or cross border market place cultural values.
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3 political environment
The political environment plays an important role in international business as it controls how business occurs in each country. Managers must understand how to interact with governments and react to conflicts of interest. They must also learn to deal with varying degrees of governmental intervention and different political processes around the world. The political system can affect business through laws regulating domestic and international transactions. Managers should identify political issues, key stakeholders, and formulate strategies to establish appropriate political strategies while mitigating political risks that may threaten their operations or ability to do business.
6 control
The document discusses factors that make international control more difficult than domestic control. Distance, diversity, uncontrollables, and uncertainty make evaluating performance and setting standards across different countries complicated. Effective control requires planning organizational structure, decision-making processes, control mechanisms, and consideration of special situations like joint ventures or acquisitions. Control is challenging for multinational enterprises operating in various regulatory environments with differing needs.
4 economic
The document discusses key economic concepts including different types of economic systems, key economic indicators, and macroeconomic issues. It defines market, centrally planned, and mixed economies. Key economic indicators examined are per capita income, quality of life, purchasing power, and structure of production. Macroeconomic issues covered are economic growth, inflation, external debt, and deficits. Understanding a country's economic environment can help companies predict how trends may affect future business performance.
1 international business
The document discusses why studying international business is important. It provides several reasons:
1. Most large organizations have international operations or are affected by the global economy, so understanding international business is important for career opportunities and interacting with other managers.
2. Studying international business prepares small companies that may get involved in international business through importing/exporting or competing globally.
3. Understanding other cultures and political systems is important to appreciate differences and find common ground.
4. No single country has a monopoly on good ideas, so studying international business techniques keeps companies aware of global innovations.
The document then discusses various modes for companies to enter international business such as licensing, franchising, exporting, turnkey
3 legal system
This document discusses different types of legal systems that influence business, including common law, civil law, and theocratic law. It also covers legal issues that affect international business such as trade regulations, intellectual property protection, and taxation. The document examines ways governments can intervene in business through ownership controls, foreign exchange and trade policies, and marketing regulations. Students are assigned to research the political and legal systems of various countries.
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2 culture accoding_to_silibus
- 1. CULTURE
- 3. CONCEPT OF CULTURE
- 4. ELEMETS OF CULTURE
- 5. HOFSTEDE’S 5 DIMENSION OF NATIONAL CULTURE
- 6. CAUSES OF CULTURE DIFFERENCE
- 7. WHY AND HOW THE CULTURE CHANGE
- 8. BEHAVIORAL PRACTICS AFFECTING BUSINESS
- 10. DEFINITION cont.. Culture configuration of learned behaviorand results of behavior whose component elements are shared and transmitted by members of particular society– by Ralph Linton, 1945
- 11. DEFINITION cont.. Spiritual improvement, human thinking by practices and experiences The sum total of attitudes (sikap), values (nilai), beliefs (kepercayaan) and custom (adat/kebiasaan) Norms which influence personal character of the local population Learning, practicing, sharing with the community
- 12. CONCEPT OF CULTURE Culture is different across national borders and have a substantial impact on how business is normally conducted in different countries. Culture plays a major role in influencing human behavior, and understanding human behavior in a given situation is very important decision to engage in international business.
- 13. CONCEPT OF CULTURE Culture is not a characteristic of individuals, its an attributes of a society and in compasses all members of that society who have been conditioned by similar life experience. Culture can be applied to groups of individuals in a country, society, profession or social organization.
- 15. Age
- 16. Education
- 17. Status
- 19. Lingua Franca
- 21. Non Verbal
- 22. Individuals
- 23. Families
- 26. Hofstede’s 5 Dimension of National Culture * SOCIAL ORIENTATION COLLECTIVISM The interests of the group take precedence INDIVIDUALISM The interests of the individual take precedence Relative importance of the interests of the individuals vs. the interests of the group POWER ORIENTATION POWER TOLERANCE Individuals assess authority in view of its perceived rightness or their own personal interests POWER RESPECT Authority is inherent in one’s position within a hierarchy The appropriateness of power/ authority within organization UNCERTAINTY ORIENTATION UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE Prefer structure and a consistence routine UNCERTAINTY ACCEPTANCE Positive response to change and new opportunities An emotional response to uncertainty and change GOAL ORIENTATION AGGRESSIVE GOAL BEHAVIOUR Value material possessions, money, and assertiveness PASSIVE GOAL BEHAVIOUR Value social relevance, quality of life, and the welfare of others What motivates people to achieve different goals TIME ORIENTATION LONG –TERM OUTLOOK Value dedication, hard work, and thrift SHORT–TERM OUTLOOK Value traditions, social obligations The extent to which members of a culture adopt a long-term or a short term outlook on work and life
- 28. Bcoz within the major religions are many factions whose specific beliefs may affect business
- 29. All religions must be respected and avoid any issues that may affect the sensitivity of the religion
- 30. Ex: Some Christian groups forgo alcohol, but others do not
- 32. Normally it effect the form of communication, it make easy for business negotiation process with country which have high literacy
- 35. About beauty, good taste and design and dictates what is acceptable or appealing to the local eye (Color, music, architecture or brand names)
- 36. Users will find the best products or services that have aesthetic values
- 42. Normally rewards and recognition based on competencies, but due to the culture, elements like seniority and cooperation still has a great influence
- 44. People belief in success and rewards
- 45. Work as a habit
- 48. Different national has a different perceptions towards an occupation
- 50. Language is important to choose countries that adopt international language such as English, Japanese and etc., otherwise translator is vital.