Social development involves learning the skills to relate effectively to others. It is supported by modeling appropriate behavior, building problem-solving skills, encouraging exploration, and play. Peer interaction is important for language, cognitive, and social development from a young age. Both positive and negative peer relations can influence children's development. Positive relationships foster skills like cooperation, while negative ones like rejection can increase risks of issues like loneliness or depression.

2. Social Development
Submitted To:
Ma’am. Ghulam Zainab
Submitted By:
Neha Rifaqat 209 Saiqa Anum 210
Mishal Tariq 211 Mudasar Iqbal 212
Course B.ed (Hons) 1st Semester
UNIVERSITY OF SARGODHA

3. Social development
 Child development

4. Learning Objectives
What is social development
How to support social
development in young children
Difficulties occur in children
social development
How can we remove difficulties

5. Social development
This involves learning the
values, knowledge and skills
that enable children to
relate to others effectively
and ti contribute in positive
ways to family, school and
the community

6. How to support social
development in young children
Model appropriate social behavior
Support self-esteem
Build problem solving skills
Encourage Exploration
Play !
Culture and self concept

7. Children learn
The language of children's feelings is
behaviour
Non-verbal language _ smile, look
approach
Verbal language _ greeting, joining,
talking, questions
Listening _ taking turns
Sensitivity _ how their approach
affect others

8. Children who can do
well
Are friendly and optimistic
Have group joining skills
Make relevent contributions
Are interested in others
Have a predictive understanding of
others reacton to them
Positive non verbal interaction

9. Social difficulties
One third of children bring
problems from home
One third don't understand
how to behave differently
One third are bored or in
inappropriate environment

10. How can we
eliminate difficulties
Address the cause
Safe base (adult) near while
the child gains confidence
Grouping with socially
competent
Invite a single peer home

11. What parents can do
Allow learning from mistakes without
ridicule
Give private, respectful consequences
Let children help set rules
Acknowledge that some children test
rules and that they unconsciously do
so in order to check out how much
people care about them and how
much they belong

12. Principles for child social
development
 Ask question that encourage
children to put themselves in
someone else's shoes
 Supervise and support children's
social activities without taking over
 Show you are willing to listen and
take children's feelings into
consideration

13. Social development from
infancy to adolescence
Erikson's theory
Eight stages of social
development according to
Erikson

14. Erick Erikson theory :
Erikson’s theory differs from other
popular theories in that a person
does not have to successfully
complete one stage of development
to move on to the next stage of
development. Erikson’s stages of
development are widely taught in
psychology courses in the United
States.

15. Each stage is presented as two opposing
statements representing the challenges a person
faces at a particular age. If the person does not
overcome the challenges of his or her
developmental stage, these challenges are likely
to become ongoing problems. For example, a
child who never establishes trust in infancy may
grow into an adult who struggles with trust in
romantic relationships. The eight stages of
development are:

16. 1. Trust vs Mistrust
Infancy: Hopes — Trust vs.
Mistrust – Infants learn to
trust others based upon the
response of their caregivers,
usually parents.

17. 2. Autonomy vs Shame and
Doubt
Toddlerhood: Will –
Autonomy vs. Shame and
Doubt – During this phase,
young children begin
exploring the world
around them.

18. Cont...
If caregivers provide a safe base from
which to explore the world and
encourage the child’s interests and
burgeoning independence, the child
will gain a sense of autonomy.
Children whose parents or caregivers
discourage them or foster excessive
dependence may develop feelings of
shame.

19. 3. Initiative vs Guilt
 Preschool Years: Purpose – Initiative vs.
Guilt – Preschoolers are increasingly
focused on doing things themselves and
establishing their own goals. When this
tendency is nurtured, children grow into
adults who are able to take initiative, but
when this tendency is undermined,
children may be fraught with guilt.

20. 4. Industry vs Inferiority
 Early School Years: Competence –
Industry vs. Inferiority – As children grow
in independence, they become
increasingly aware of themselves as
individuals. Children who achieve and are
praised for their achievements develop
self-confidence and industry, while
children who fail to achieve or who are
constantly criticized may consistently feel
inferior.

21. 5. Identity vs Role
confusion
Adolescence: Fidelity – Identity vs.
Role Confusion – The famed term
“identity crisis” comes from this
period of development. Erikson
argued that adolescents undergo an
identity crisis during which they
must establish an identity, goals, and
a purpose.

22. Cont...
Adolescents who struggle to find
a purpose to their lives and a
separate identity from their
parents and other caregivers may
be unable to establish a coherent,
consistent identity.

23. 6. Intimacy vs Isolation
 Young Adulthood: Love – Intimacy vs.
Isolation – This is the period of development
during which many people get married or
enter into significant relationships and has
been defined as anywhere from 20-24 years
to 20-40 years. After a young person has
established his or her identity, he/she
becomes equipped to establish intimate
relationships with others. Failure to do so
can result in long-term feelings of isolation

24. 7. Generativity vs Stagnation
 Middle Adulthood: Care – Generativity
vs. Stagnation – This is the period of
development during which most people
have children. People who are able to
provide guidance or a legacy to the next
generation feel a sense of purpose, while
people who do not do so may feel stuck.

25. 8. Integrity vs Depair
Late Adulthood: Ego Integrity vs.
Despair – During this phase, older
adults reflect back on the life they
have lived. Those who feel fulfilled
by their lives are able to face death
and aging proudly, while those who
feel disappointment may fall into
despair

26. Social development
in primary childhood
Development in preschool
Role play in primary
childhood
Peer interaction

27. What is role play for
children?
For children, role play is
essentially learning through
play. It is a fun and a
‘playful’ activity but is also a
key component of a child's
learning.

28. Cont...
Role play is simply a type of pretend play
where children get into character and act
out a role or real life context.
Role play is an active, social activity and
children use role play to reflect on and
develop their knowledge of a topic.

29. Role play in primary schools
and nursery
There is usually a role play area
in pre-school nurseries. This
area is often decorated to suit
particular topics and props can
be left out for children to use
and explore.

30. Cont...
The classic themes are doctors and
nurses, police and firemen,
teachers and pupils and of course
family members such a grand-
parents, Mum and Dad and baby.

31. 10 key benefits of role play for
children
 Develops communication and
language skills
Allows children to act out and
make sense of real-life
situations

32. Cont...
Allows children to explore, investigate and
experiment
Develops social skills as children collaborate
with others
Encourages children to empathises: by
taking on the role of character teaches
children an
understanding of different perspectives.

33. Cont...
Helps children learn about different cultures
Encourages children to express their ideas and
feelings in a relaxed environment
Develops children's awareness of themselves
and others
Gets children learning more as learning is
disguised as play
Sparks creativity and imagination

34. Role play develop :
role play provides opportunities to
develop skills in various different
areas of the curriculum for
example: numbers, history, culture
and many other areas.
Role play is a great way to learn at
all ages!

35. Parent-Child relation
Social development is
affected by the
relationships that the
childern have with their
parents and other
adults as well as with
their children.

36. Influence on child Social development

37. 5 social skills for
preschool
Understand the
difference between
right and wrong
Explain their feelings
and understand other
emotions

38. Social skills
Play independently
or in a groups
share converse and
play with other
children's

39. Cont...
Likes to make
decisions for
himself, Explore
new things

40. Example of Preschool

41. Who are peer ?
The children who
share the same age or
maturity level

42. Peer interaction
Throughout childhood and
adolescence, peer interaction is
essential for language, cognitive, and
social development. There are
aspects of learning that happen best
during peer interactions, rather than
interactions with adults.

43. Cont...
Children acquire language and
vocabulary during interactions with
others. They learn how to argue,
negotiate, and persuade. They must
learn to say things without hurting
feelings. They must resolve conflicts,
apologize, and support.

44. Cont....
Peer interaction serves as the
foundation for many important aspects
of emotional development such as the
development of self-concept, self-
esteem and identity. Children learn
about themselves during interactions
with each other and use this
information to form a sense of their
own selves – who they are.

45. Peer relation and interaction
During the past three decades, the topic
of children's peer relationships has taken
a prominent position in the
fields of developmental and clinical
psychology. This reflects, in part, a
growing conviction that children who

46. Cont...
enjoy strong and positive relationships
with peers fare well in their social and
academic lives and that those
who suffer from peer rejection and
friendlessness may be "at risk" for later
socioemotional and academic

47. Peer relation can cause two types of
influences in development process
Postive
 Integration
 sharing
 Observation
 Sensitivity
 Fairness
Negative
 Being rejected
 Loneliness
 Depression
 Mental disorder
 Criminal issues

48. The sum up of our
conversation is
This all can be beneficial to set
strong foundations for social
development early on in a child's
life so as they grow up they can
understand personal feelings and
interact with others positively.