Presentation slide from the first hackathon day in the Soil Carbon Finance for MRV Hackathon on 17 September 2020.
Keynote speaker: Chandra Sinha, World Bank
Find out more: https://soilcarbon.weebly.com/
All of the presentations from the webinar on "Enhancing investment in soil health and carbon storage: Frontiers for linking finance and carbon accounting" held on 10 September 2020.
This event is co-organized by CCAFS, The Nature Conservancy, 4 per 1000 Executive Secretariat, World Bank and the Meridian Institute. Learn more: https://bit.ly/3k68hkr
Panelists included:
-Ciniro Costa Jr., CCAFS
-Tim Mealey, Meridian Institute
-Deborah Bossio, The Nature Conservancy
-Martien van Nieuwkoop, World Bank Group
-Keith Paustian, Colorado State University
-Stefan Jirka, Manager LandScale, Verra
-Dan Harburg, Director, Indigo
-William Salas, President of Dagan, Inc
-Aldyen Donnelly, Director of Carbon Economics, Nori
-Debbie Reed, Executive Director of Ecosystem Services Market Consortium (ESMC)
-Beverley Henry, Institute for Future Environments-QUT
-Pamela M. Bachman, Digital Agriculture & Sustainability Lead, The Climate Corporation, a subsidiary of Bayer
-Ronald Vargas, Global Soil Carbon Partnership - FAO
-Paul Luu, 4per1000
This presentation was given by Marlo Servkovik, World Bank, in the Soil Carbon Finance for MRV Hackathon on 24 September 2020.
Find out more: https://soilcarbon.weebly.com/
Presentation slides from the second hackathon day in the Soil Carbon Finance for MRV Hackathon on 24 September 2020. This presentation was given by Ciniro Costa Jr., CCAFS, covering key messages and insights from the first session.
Find out more: https://soilcarbon.weebly.com/
This presentation was given by Paul Luu, 4Per100, in the Soil Carbon Finance for MRV Hackathon on 24 September 2020.
Find out more: https://soilcarbon.weebly.com/
This document discusses MRV (Measurement, Reporting and Verification) systems for soil organic carbon and soil carbon sequestration. It provides an overview of where current MRV systems and guidance are, including the IPCC guidelines, and what is still missing to fully utilize soils in climate mitigation efforts. Specifically, it notes that a clear signal of support from policymakers could help scale up investments in research, pilot projects and adoption of soil health practices. The unique opportunity presented by the Koronivia Joint Work on Agriculture to provide such a conclusion at COP could be a game-changer for soils to be fully considered in NDCs.
Presented by Lini Wollenberg, CCAFS Low Emissions Development, at the GIZ expert meeting on How to realize the potential of soil carbon benefits? Practical pathways for achieving impact on 28 April 2020.
This presentation was given by Andreas Zuluaga and Diego Navarrete, The Nature Conservancy, in the Soil Carbon Finance for MRV Hackathon on 24 September 2020.
Find out more: https://soilcarbon.weebly.com/
Presentation by Lini Wollenberg, Flagship Leader for CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change Agriculture Food Security Low-Emissions Development flagship. The presentation was part of the Webinar on Soil carbon in the Nationally Determined Contributions hosted by CCAFS, the German Ministry of Food and Agriculture, and the 4 Per Mille Initiative and held on Earth Day, 22 April 2020.
All of the presentations from the webinar on "Enhancing investment in soil health and carbon storage: Frontiers for linking finance and carbon accounting" held on 10 September 2020.
This event is co-organized by CCAFS, The Nature Conservancy, 4 per 1000 Executive Secretariat, World Bank and the Meridian Institute. Learn more: https://bit.ly/3k68hkr
Panelists included:
-Ciniro Costa Jr., CCAFS
-Tim Mealey, Meridian Institute
-Deborah Bossio, The Nature Conservancy
-Martien van Nieuwkoop, World Bank Group
-Keith Paustian, Colorado State University
-Stefan Jirka, Manager LandScale, Verra
-Dan Harburg, Director, Indigo
-William Salas, President of Dagan, Inc
-Aldyen Donnelly, Director of Carbon Economics, Nori
-Debbie Reed, Executive Director of Ecosystem Services Market Consortium (ESMC)
-Beverley Henry, Institute for Future Environments-QUT
-Pamela M. Bachman, Digital Agriculture & Sustainability Lead, The Climate Corporation, a subsidiary of Bayer
-Ronald Vargas, Global Soil Carbon Partnership - FAO
-Paul Luu, 4per1000
This presentation was given by Marlo Servkovik, World Bank, in the Soil Carbon Finance for MRV Hackathon on 24 September 2020.
Find out more: https://soilcarbon.weebly.com/
Presentation slides from the second hackathon day in the Soil Carbon Finance for MRV Hackathon on 24 September 2020. This presentation was given by Ciniro Costa Jr., CCAFS, covering key messages and insights from the first session.
Find out more: https://soilcarbon.weebly.com/
This presentation was given by Paul Luu, 4Per100, in the Soil Carbon Finance for MRV Hackathon on 24 September 2020.
Find out more: https://soilcarbon.weebly.com/
This document discusses MRV (Measurement, Reporting and Verification) systems for soil organic carbon and soil carbon sequestration. It provides an overview of where current MRV systems and guidance are, including the IPCC guidelines, and what is still missing to fully utilize soils in climate mitigation efforts. Specifically, it notes that a clear signal of support from policymakers could help scale up investments in research, pilot projects and adoption of soil health practices. The unique opportunity presented by the Koronivia Joint Work on Agriculture to provide such a conclusion at COP could be a game-changer for soils to be fully considered in NDCs.
Presented by Lini Wollenberg, CCAFS Low Emissions Development, at the GIZ expert meeting on How to realize the potential of soil carbon benefits? Practical pathways for achieving impact on 28 April 2020.
This presentation was given by Andreas Zuluaga and Diego Navarrete, The Nature Conservancy, in the Soil Carbon Finance for MRV Hackathon on 24 September 2020.
Find out more: https://soilcarbon.weebly.com/
Presentation by Lini Wollenberg, Flagship Leader for CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change Agriculture Food Security Low-Emissions Development flagship. The presentation was part of the Webinar on Soil carbon in the Nationally Determined Contributions hosted by CCAFS, the German Ministry of Food and Agriculture, and the 4 Per Mille Initiative and held on Earth Day, 22 April 2020.
Presentation by Katia Marzall, Coordinator for Climate Change and Agriculture at the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply in Brazil. The presentation was part of the Webinar on Soil carbon in the Nationally Determined Contributions hosted by CCAFS, the German Ministry of Food and Agriculture, and the 4 Per Mille Initiative and held on Earth Day, 22 April 2020.
This document summarizes a carbon offset project in Kenya that aims to increase soil carbon storage, food production, and climate resilience among smallholder farmers. However, the document raises several limitations and questions about the project. Specifically, it notes that the actual carbon payments to farmers will be very small (~$1/farmer/year) and that accurately measuring soil carbon levels and permanence of storage is extremely difficult. There are also questions around whether practices will truly increase food production and resilience or have unintended environmental or social consequences. Overall, the document casts doubt on the ability of the project to reliably generate carbon offsets and achieve its other goals.
Presentation by Akiko Nagano, Deputy Director for Climate Change Negotiations, Environment Policy Office, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), Japan. The presentation was part of the Webinar on Soil carbon in the Nationally Determined Contributions hosted by CCAFS, the German Ministry of Food and Agriculture, and the 4 Per Mille Initiative and held on Earth Day, 22 April 2020.
Presentation by Liesl Wiese-Rozanova, International agricultural science and policy consultant, South Africa. The presentation was part of the Webinar on Soil carbon in the Nationally Determined Contributions hosted by CCAFS, the German Ministry of Food and Agriculture, and the 4 Per Mille Initiative and held on Earth Day, 22 April 2020.
"Rethinking Agriculture for the 21st Century: Climate change mitigation opportunities and challenges" was presented by Lini Wollenberg online at the KfW Webinar on May 28, 2020.
This presentation was given on 27 October 2021 by Sabrina Rose, Policy Consultant at CCAFS, during the webinar "Achieving NDC Ambition in Agriculture" organized by CCAFS, FAO and WRI.
Find the recording and more information here: https://bit.ly/AchievingNDCs
"Challenges, opportunities and priorities for transitioning to low emissions agriculture" was presented by Lini Wollenberg at a NUI Galway seminar on January 30, 2020.
Implications of the AR finding in the AFOLU sector in Africaipcc-media
This document discusses Africa's opportunities for low-carbon, climate-resilient development in the agriculture, forestry, and other land use (AFOLU) sector. It notes that AFOLU is responsible for about 25% of global greenhouse gas emissions and outlines trends showing emissions increasing despite reduction efforts. The document then discusses challenges Africa faces in mitigation given expected emissions increases from food production. However, it also outlines large mitigation potential through land-based strategies like agriculture, forestry, and bioenergy. Key uncertainties are incomplete data and accounting for non-forest ecosystems and fluxes. Managing trade-offs between mitigation and adaptation is also discussed.
This document discusses Africa's opportunities for low-carbon, climate-resilient development in the agriculture, forestry, and other land use (AFOLU) sector. It notes that AFOLU is responsible for about 25% of global greenhouse gas emissions and provides livelihoods for many in Africa. While AFOLU emissions have increased in recent decades, the sector also offers significant mitigation potential through practices like improved forest and land management, sustainable agriculture, and bioenergy. Realizing this potential faces challenges around food security, access to finance and technology, and managing risks and trade-offs. Robust measurement, reporting and verification systems will also be needed to account for emissions across forests and non-forest lands.
1) The document analyzes the economic value of climate change actions in agriculture through assessing existing studies on costs and benefits.
2) It finds that investments in climate adaptation and mitigation programs for agriculture often have benefit-to-cost ratios above 1, indicating net economic benefits.
3) The analyses show context-specific costs and benefits across locations, sub-sectors, and timeframes, but many practices can deliver positive returns if tailored appropriately.
Questions related to Blue Carbon discussed during the webinar "Steps towards Blue Carbon mitigation under NDCs in Latin America and the Caribbean"
7 July 2020
Experts highlight findings of a new report showing that while progress on climate action has been made in key sectors like power, buildings, industry, transport, forests and agriculture, it's not nearly enough to achieve a safer, climate-resilient future.
From the 2020 NACD Annual Meeting.
New tools and strategies are being used to determine the values of ecosystem services on working lands. Learn how to build a market-based approach to promoting land stewardship through the Ecosystem Services Market Consortium.
Nitrogen fertilizer reduction for Dianchi Lake in ChinaThe Climate Trust
The Climate Trust is exploring the potential to generate carbon credits from changes in agricultural nutrient management practices. This work has most recently led our executive director, Sean Penrith, to Portland's sister city of Kunming in Yunnan Province. The goal of the trip was to scope the potential to harness the power of the country's new emissions trading systems to reduce agricultural runoff pollution in one of the province's major water sources, Dianchi Lake. The following presentation outlines the problem, and how carbon markets might be able to help.
Can the private sector work with Government to co-fund public goods from agri...Mark Reed
This document summarizes a presentation on creating business value from healthy landscapes. It discusses developing private schemes called Landscape Enterprise Networks (LENs) to deliver ecosystem services. LENs work by having "supply aggregators" engage farmers to design interventions that meet the needs of "demand aggregators" like businesses. This approach could help mobilize investment in landscapes by connecting business interests to the value of ecosystem services. The UK has pioneered similar codes and is providing global leadership in areas like peatland restoration policy. "LENs Laboratories" are now testing this approach in different regions of the UK.
This document describes the development of a tool called the CCAFS MOT (Mitigation Options Tool) to help policymakers make decisions about effective mitigation options in agriculture. The tool estimates the mitigation potential of several management options for soils and ranks them according to their potential. It combines several empirical models to estimate greenhouse gas emissions. The developers are refining the tool through workshops with national planners and researchers to identify needed information.
I. Business-as-usual intensification alone will not achieve the necessary emissions reductions in agriculture by 2030 to limit warming to 2°C.
II. Plausible mitigation practices can achieve only 10-40% of needed reductions by 2030.
III. Significant mitigation can be achieved by reducing conversion of forests to agriculture, but requires location-specific interventions to avoid deforestation.
Mainstreaming EbA into Thailand’s NAPs and Opportunities for the Agricultural...ExternalEvents
The NAP-Ag webinar on Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) and National Adaptation Planning: Opportunities for the Agricultural Sectors will provide an overview of how EbA can be effectively integrated into agriculture sectors’ adaptation strategies and broader national adaptation planning processes. The webinar will focus on mainstreaming EbA in the formulation and implementation of National Adaptation Plans (NAPs). Both global presentations and a presentation from Thailand and Nepal, a NAP-Ag partner country will outline opportunities, experiences and approaches in mainstreaming EbA into adaptation policy planning processes and strategies at different scales. This slideshow was presented by Jaruwan Ngamsing
Presentation by JM Marques, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, Brazil, at the CCAFS Workshop on Institutions and Policies to Scale out Climate Smart Agriculture held between 2-5 December 2013, in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
27 september 2010- 7 wwf mozambique rca presentation 260910Daey Ouwens Fund
This document discusses a certification system for a project cultivating jatropha on unused land in Mozambique to address indirect impacts of biofuels production. It outlines the context of incentives for biofuels development in Mozambique, defines direct and indirect land use change, and describes the Responsible Cultivation Areas methodology for landscape planning of sustainable biofuels. The certification system aims to develop criteria to prevent indirect impacts like displacement and test these on pilot jatropha projects in Mozambique. Challenges to the success of the methodology in Mozambique include the economic viability of unused land and such land not satisfying large area demands.
CHINA MARKET OUTLOOK: CHINA EUROPE WATER PLATFORM BUSINESS PROGRAMiQHub
The document summarizes a business and innovation program event focused on the China water market outlook. It provides an overview of the China Europe Water Platform, which promotes business cooperation and solutions for water challenges. The event agenda covered major Chinese water policy drivers like Five Year Plans, market and technology opportunities, barriers to entering the market, and recommendations around applying best available technologies, ensuring customized solutions, and framework conditions for utilities. The document analyzed the large and growing Chinese water treatment market and opportunities in areas like wastewater, sludge treatment, and sponge cities initiatives.
The document summarizes a workshop to develop Antioch, California's Climate Action Plan. It provides an overview of the agenda and process, which included recapping previous work, gathering feedback on draft strategies, and planning for implementation. The city aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to meet state targets by focusing on strategies in transportation, buildings, waste, and other sectors based on its emissions inventory. The workshop guided participants to evaluate and prioritize draft strategies to include in the final Climate Action Plan.
Presentation by Katia Marzall, Coordinator for Climate Change and Agriculture at the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply in Brazil. The presentation was part of the Webinar on Soil carbon in the Nationally Determined Contributions hosted by CCAFS, the German Ministry of Food and Agriculture, and the 4 Per Mille Initiative and held on Earth Day, 22 April 2020.
This document summarizes a carbon offset project in Kenya that aims to increase soil carbon storage, food production, and climate resilience among smallholder farmers. However, the document raises several limitations and questions about the project. Specifically, it notes that the actual carbon payments to farmers will be very small (~$1/farmer/year) and that accurately measuring soil carbon levels and permanence of storage is extremely difficult. There are also questions around whether practices will truly increase food production and resilience or have unintended environmental or social consequences. Overall, the document casts doubt on the ability of the project to reliably generate carbon offsets and achieve its other goals.
Presentation by Akiko Nagano, Deputy Director for Climate Change Negotiations, Environment Policy Office, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), Japan. The presentation was part of the Webinar on Soil carbon in the Nationally Determined Contributions hosted by CCAFS, the German Ministry of Food and Agriculture, and the 4 Per Mille Initiative and held on Earth Day, 22 April 2020.
Presentation by Liesl Wiese-Rozanova, International agricultural science and policy consultant, South Africa. The presentation was part of the Webinar on Soil carbon in the Nationally Determined Contributions hosted by CCAFS, the German Ministry of Food and Agriculture, and the 4 Per Mille Initiative and held on Earth Day, 22 April 2020.
"Rethinking Agriculture for the 21st Century: Climate change mitigation opportunities and challenges" was presented by Lini Wollenberg online at the KfW Webinar on May 28, 2020.
This presentation was given on 27 October 2021 by Sabrina Rose, Policy Consultant at CCAFS, during the webinar "Achieving NDC Ambition in Agriculture" organized by CCAFS, FAO and WRI.
Find the recording and more information here: https://bit.ly/AchievingNDCs
"Challenges, opportunities and priorities for transitioning to low emissions agriculture" was presented by Lini Wollenberg at a NUI Galway seminar on January 30, 2020.
Implications of the AR finding in the AFOLU sector in Africaipcc-media
This document discusses Africa's opportunities for low-carbon, climate-resilient development in the agriculture, forestry, and other land use (AFOLU) sector. It notes that AFOLU is responsible for about 25% of global greenhouse gas emissions and outlines trends showing emissions increasing despite reduction efforts. The document then discusses challenges Africa faces in mitigation given expected emissions increases from food production. However, it also outlines large mitigation potential through land-based strategies like agriculture, forestry, and bioenergy. Key uncertainties are incomplete data and accounting for non-forest ecosystems and fluxes. Managing trade-offs between mitigation and adaptation is also discussed.
This document discusses Africa's opportunities for low-carbon, climate-resilient development in the agriculture, forestry, and other land use (AFOLU) sector. It notes that AFOLU is responsible for about 25% of global greenhouse gas emissions and provides livelihoods for many in Africa. While AFOLU emissions have increased in recent decades, the sector also offers significant mitigation potential through practices like improved forest and land management, sustainable agriculture, and bioenergy. Realizing this potential faces challenges around food security, access to finance and technology, and managing risks and trade-offs. Robust measurement, reporting and verification systems will also be needed to account for emissions across forests and non-forest lands.
1) The document analyzes the economic value of climate change actions in agriculture through assessing existing studies on costs and benefits.
2) It finds that investments in climate adaptation and mitigation programs for agriculture often have benefit-to-cost ratios above 1, indicating net economic benefits.
3) The analyses show context-specific costs and benefits across locations, sub-sectors, and timeframes, but many practices can deliver positive returns if tailored appropriately.
Questions related to Blue Carbon discussed during the webinar "Steps towards Blue Carbon mitigation under NDCs in Latin America and the Caribbean"
7 July 2020
Experts highlight findings of a new report showing that while progress on climate action has been made in key sectors like power, buildings, industry, transport, forests and agriculture, it's not nearly enough to achieve a safer, climate-resilient future.
From the 2020 NACD Annual Meeting.
New tools and strategies are being used to determine the values of ecosystem services on working lands. Learn how to build a market-based approach to promoting land stewardship through the Ecosystem Services Market Consortium.
Nitrogen fertilizer reduction for Dianchi Lake in ChinaThe Climate Trust
The Climate Trust is exploring the potential to generate carbon credits from changes in agricultural nutrient management practices. This work has most recently led our executive director, Sean Penrith, to Portland's sister city of Kunming in Yunnan Province. The goal of the trip was to scope the potential to harness the power of the country's new emissions trading systems to reduce agricultural runoff pollution in one of the province's major water sources, Dianchi Lake. The following presentation outlines the problem, and how carbon markets might be able to help.
Can the private sector work with Government to co-fund public goods from agri...Mark Reed
This document summarizes a presentation on creating business value from healthy landscapes. It discusses developing private schemes called Landscape Enterprise Networks (LENs) to deliver ecosystem services. LENs work by having "supply aggregators" engage farmers to design interventions that meet the needs of "demand aggregators" like businesses. This approach could help mobilize investment in landscapes by connecting business interests to the value of ecosystem services. The UK has pioneered similar codes and is providing global leadership in areas like peatland restoration policy. "LENs Laboratories" are now testing this approach in different regions of the UK.
This document describes the development of a tool called the CCAFS MOT (Mitigation Options Tool) to help policymakers make decisions about effective mitigation options in agriculture. The tool estimates the mitigation potential of several management options for soils and ranks them according to their potential. It combines several empirical models to estimate greenhouse gas emissions. The developers are refining the tool through workshops with national planners and researchers to identify needed information.
I. Business-as-usual intensification alone will not achieve the necessary emissions reductions in agriculture by 2030 to limit warming to 2°C.
II. Plausible mitigation practices can achieve only 10-40% of needed reductions by 2030.
III. Significant mitigation can be achieved by reducing conversion of forests to agriculture, but requires location-specific interventions to avoid deforestation.
Mainstreaming EbA into Thailand’s NAPs and Opportunities for the Agricultural...ExternalEvents
The NAP-Ag webinar on Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) and National Adaptation Planning: Opportunities for the Agricultural Sectors will provide an overview of how EbA can be effectively integrated into agriculture sectors’ adaptation strategies and broader national adaptation planning processes. The webinar will focus on mainstreaming EbA in the formulation and implementation of National Adaptation Plans (NAPs). Both global presentations and a presentation from Thailand and Nepal, a NAP-Ag partner country will outline opportunities, experiences and approaches in mainstreaming EbA into adaptation policy planning processes and strategies at different scales. This slideshow was presented by Jaruwan Ngamsing
Presentation by JM Marques, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, Brazil, at the CCAFS Workshop on Institutions and Policies to Scale out Climate Smart Agriculture held between 2-5 December 2013, in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
27 september 2010- 7 wwf mozambique rca presentation 260910Daey Ouwens Fund
This document discusses a certification system for a project cultivating jatropha on unused land in Mozambique to address indirect impacts of biofuels production. It outlines the context of incentives for biofuels development in Mozambique, defines direct and indirect land use change, and describes the Responsible Cultivation Areas methodology for landscape planning of sustainable biofuels. The certification system aims to develop criteria to prevent indirect impacts like displacement and test these on pilot jatropha projects in Mozambique. Challenges to the success of the methodology in Mozambique include the economic viability of unused land and such land not satisfying large area demands.
CHINA MARKET OUTLOOK: CHINA EUROPE WATER PLATFORM BUSINESS PROGRAMiQHub
The document summarizes a business and innovation program event focused on the China water market outlook. It provides an overview of the China Europe Water Platform, which promotes business cooperation and solutions for water challenges. The event agenda covered major Chinese water policy drivers like Five Year Plans, market and technology opportunities, barriers to entering the market, and recommendations around applying best available technologies, ensuring customized solutions, and framework conditions for utilities. The document analyzed the large and growing Chinese water treatment market and opportunities in areas like wastewater, sludge treatment, and sponge cities initiatives.
The document summarizes a workshop to develop Antioch, California's Climate Action Plan. It provides an overview of the agenda and process, which included recapping previous work, gathering feedback on draft strategies, and planning for implementation. The city aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to meet state targets by focusing on strategies in transportation, buildings, waste, and other sectors based on its emissions inventory. The workshop guided participants to evaluate and prioritize draft strategies to include in the final Climate Action Plan.
The framework is a 5-step guide to help emerging economies transition industry to net-zero emissions. It involves engaging stakeholders, researching current policies and technologies, assessing business cases and projects to close emissions gaps, developing market and financing solutions, and disseminating outcomes. The goal is to understand country priorities and develop bankable projects and innovative financing to scale up low-carbon investments 5-fold for achieving net-zero industry.
22.0a opm managing finance nap ws manila june 2017 part 1NAP Events
Climate Change Financing Frameworks (CCFFs) can support national adaptation plan (NAP) processes in several ways:
1. CCFFs provide a robust framework for prioritizing adaptation actions based on their effectiveness in addressing climate impacts and economic costs.
2. CCFFs can be used to develop long-term financing scenarios and strategies for accessing different sources of climate funds.
3. Applying CCFFs helps enhance government capacity to integrate climate change into public planning and budgeting.
4. CCFFs promote coordination across sectors and ministries by providing a common framework for climate budgeting.
Presentation on draft target validation criteria for financial institutions to align their investment and lending activities with the goals of the Paris Agreement.
Learn more: https://www.wri.org/events/2020/02/workshop-science-based-target-setting-financial
CCXG Global Forum March 2018, Financing Climate Futures – Rethinking Infrastr...OECD Environment
This document summarizes a report on aligning financial flows with low-emission and resilient infrastructure. It requests international organizations to analyze G20 climate actions and opportunities to strengthen them. It identifies six transformative areas to redirect investment, such as long-term strategies, innovation, fiscal policy, sustainable finance, development assistance, and urban planning. Case studies provide examples of directing finance to green infrastructure. The report will be launched at COP24 after seminars, workshops and an UNGA event to discuss shifting investment towards climate goals.
Is LCA ready to answer the growing request of sustainability metrics?PaoloMasoni2
The keynote discusses the growing demand for reliable sustainability metrics in various policy areas like the European Green Deal and Sustainable Finance. It summarizes developments in LCA methodology and standards but notes the urgency of requests may not be fully aligned with current progress. While LCA is scientifically sound, it is sometimes seen as too complex; widespread use will require simplification as well as data and capacity building. The ORIENTING project aims to advance sustainability footprinting methods in response to these needs.
CCXG Global Forum March 2018, Transparency of reporting in technology support...OECD Environment
1. Costa Rica is working to improve its greenhouse gas emissions measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) and projection capacities to support long-term planning for decarbonization.
2. Costa Rica will be launching its long-term strategy and investing in models like TIMES, OSMOSIS, and LEAP to identify cost-effective technologies for transitioning to a low-carbon economy.
3. Long-term planning in Costa Rica includes national development plans, strategic sector plans, regional development plans, and land use plans that define goals and actions at the national, regional, and local levels to achieve long-term
Ghana Nat CC committee retreat - development & CC overview2 picsDr Seán Doolan, MBA
This document discusses strategies for developing an effective national climate change response in Ghana. It notes the need for a comprehensive approach that facilitates coordination across stakeholders from different levels and sectors of government as well as civil society. Developing climate strategies will require identifying champions, framing issues to attract political support, and mainstreaming climate considerations into development planning and budgeting processes. The document also emphasizes the importance of establishing clear governance structures and engaging multiple stakeholders, as well as developing capacity and accessing adequate financing through national and international mechanisms.
The document summarizes Richard Petch's presentation on Sellafield Ltd's overarching acquisition strategy (OAS). Some key points:
- Sellafield Ltd aims to establish long-term, outcome-based relationships with suppliers to accelerate hazard reduction through collaboration and waste elimination.
- The strategy moves procurement from short-term, price-driven contracts to longer term agreements focused on benefits. This includes aggregating programs and integrating suppliers to access better facilities and resources more quickly.
- Officials have seen progress through sustained improvements between 2009-2011, including more efficient, collaborative relationships and economic operations.
- The approach aims to build value by focusing on outcomes rather than costs alone and incentivizing
Carbon Coded - Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDC) backed by ESG Assets an...Blockchain Worx
Central banks from across the world are actively exploring the use of Digital currencies to help solve long-standing challenges plaguing the financial systems. Meanwhile, adoption of carbon offsets which represent an indispensable tools in the global effort to mitigate climate change have remained hampered by long-standing issues. Despite their potential, voluntary carbon offset programs face several obstacles in achieving widespread adoption. Crafting CBDC’s backed by ESG Assets and Carbon Credits will intricately weave sustainability into the financial ecosystem while ushering innovation in digital currencies. ESG-backed CBDCs will give banks an effective, future-oriented tools, allowing for the implementation of monetary policy in smarter and innovative ways for today’s modern ‘Digital’ era while natively championing sustainable practices across the financial landscape.
Carbon Coded offers an integrated platform to help Central Banks and Financial Institutions holistically issue, distribute, and manage CBDCs linked to Carbon Credits and ESG Assets. The project scales climate action by directly linking financial systems to positive environmental impacts while also offering a next-gen stable digital fiscal instrument to a diverse set of stakeholders.
Our Two-Tier CBDC Framework empowers public-private partnerships and enables digital cash to be designed by central banks but issued and distributed by financial institutions.
See the presentation for details.
Carbon Coded is dedicated to integrating sustainability into the very fabric of the financial system, thereby amplifying our collective efforts to combat climate change.
CCXG Global Forum March 2018, Transparency of reporting in technology support...OECD Environment
CCXG Global Forum March 2018, Transparency of reporting in technology support received and needed, general ideas from the Costa Rican caseby Andrea Meza
Canada's Oil & Gas Sector Innovation Stakeholder Landscape (2022)Shannon Wilson
This document provides an overview of a project to update the 2017 stakeholder landscape map of Canada's oil and gas sector innovation ecosystem. It outlines the project objectives, scope, timeframe, and context. It then presents the updated 2022 stakeholder landscape map and highlights some key trends in the landscape since 2017, including increased government focus on climate change, growth of cleantech organizations, and emphasis on the green transition. The document aims to capture the current innovation ecosystem to support CRIN in advocacy and stakeholder collaboration.
Realizing the promise of high-integrity REDD at scaleCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Kevin Brown (WCS) at "Bonn Climate Change Conference (SB58) side event: High-integrity forest carbon markets: from global stock-taking to advancing science" on 8 Jun 2023
PwC was presenting on their grant from the Rockefeller Foundation to develop monitoring, reporting, and verification solutions and a payment system for carbon credits from agriculture in Africa. The grant's objectives are to build capacity and facilitate access to technologies and financing to develop a low-carbon, climate-resilient agricultural sector in Africa to reduce poverty. Key activities under the grant include assessing practices, standards and policies, designing MRV and payment solutions, and providing recommendations to scale low-carbon agriculture investments. Challenges include policy barriers to agricultural offsets and the lack of robust carbon methodologies and solutions for rural areas. The next step is signing the grant to begin the work.
BMRI Transition Initiatives towards a low-carbon economy: Bank Mandiri IndonesiaOECD Environment
Bank Mandiri has established a 3 pillar framework to implement sustainable finance and become a sustainability champion in Indonesia in accordance with regulations. The framework focuses on sustainable banking through green and social financing, sustainable operations through reducing emissions and empowering communities, and sustainability beyond banking through research and strengthening governance. Bank Mandiri aims to achieve net zero operational emissions by 2030 and has provided over Rp 228 trillion in green financing. Challenges in transition financing include developing clear definitions, transparency, innovative products, government support, and mitigating social impacts.
Similar to SOC MRV Finance Hackathon Day 1 Deep Dives: Soil Organic Carbon - Finance Community Needs (20)
The Accelerating Impact of CGIAR Climate Research for Africa (AICCRA) project works to deliver a climate-smart African future driven by science and innovation in agriculture.
AICCRA does this by enhancing access to climate information services and climate-smart agricultural technology to millions of smallholder farmers in Africa.
With better access to climate technology and advisory services—linked to information about effective response measures—farmers can better anticipate climate-related events and take preventative action that help communities better safeguard their livelihoods and the environment.
AICCRA is supported by a grant from the International Development Association (IDA) of the World Bank, which is used to enhance research and capacity-building activities by the CGIAR centers and initiatives as well as their partners in Africa.
About IDA: IDA helps the world’s poorest countries by providing grants and low to zero-interest loans for projects and programmes that boost economic growth, reduce poverty, and improve poor people’s lives.
IDA is one of the largest sources of assistance for the world’s 76 poorest countries, 39 of which are in Africa.
Annual IDA commitments have averaged about $21 billion over circa 2017-2020, with approximately 61 percent going to Africa.
This presentation was given on 27 October 2021 by Mengpin Ge, Global Climate Program Associate at WRI, during the webinar "Achieving NDC Ambition in Agriculture" organized by CCAFS, FAO and WRI.
Find the recording and more information here: https://bit.ly/AchievingNDCs
This presentation was given on 27 October 2021 by Krystal Crumpler, Climate Change and Agricultural Specialist at FAO, during the webinar "Achieving NDC Ambition in Agriculture" organized by CCAFS, FAO and WRI.
Find the recording and more information here: https://bit.ly/AchievingNDCs
This presentation was meant to be included in the 2021 CLIFF-GRADS Welcome Webinar and presented by Ciniro Costa Jr. (CCAFS).
The webinar recording can be found here: https://youtu.be/UoX6aoC4fhQ
The multilevel CSA monitoring set of standard core uptake and outcome indicators + expanded indicators linked to a rapid and reliable ICT based data collection instrument to systematically
assess and monitor:
- CSA Adoption/ Access to CIS
- CSA effects on food security and livelihoods household level)
- CSA effects on farm performance
The document discusses plant-based proteins as a potential substitute for animal-based proteins. It notes that plant-based proteins are growing in popularity due to environmental and ethical concerns with animal agriculture. However, plant-based meats also present some health and nutritional challenges compared to animal proteins. The document analyzes opportunities and impacts related to plant-based proteins across Asia, including leveraging the region's soy and pea production and tailoring products to Asian diets and cultural preferences.
Presented by Ciniro Costa Jr., CCAFS, on 28 June 2021 at the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Webinar on Sustainable Protein Case Study: Outputs and Synthesis of Results.
Presented by Marion de Vries, Wageningen Livestock Research at Wageningen University, on 28 June 2021 at the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Webinar on Sustainable Protein Case Study: Outputs and Synthesis of Results.
This document assesses the environmental sustainability of plant-based meats and pork in China. It finds that doubling food production while reducing agricultural greenhouse gas emissions by 73% by 2050 will be a major challenge. It compares the life cycle impacts of plant-based meats made from soy, pea, and wheat proteins and oils, as well as pork and beef. The results show that the crop type and source country of the core protein ingredient drives the environmental performance of plant-based meats. The document provides sustainability guidelines for sourcing ingredients from regions with low deforestation risk and irrigation needs, using renewable energy in production, and avoiding coal power.
This document summarizes a case study on the dairy value chain in China. It finds that milk production and consumption have significantly increased in China from 1978 to 2018. Large-scale dairy farms now dominate production. The study evaluates greenhouse gas emissions from different stages and finds feed production is a major contributor. It models options to reduce the carbon footprint, finding improving feed practices and yield have high potential. Land use is also assessed, with soybean meal requiring significant land. Recommendations include changing feeds to lower land and carbon impacts.
This document summarizes information on the impacts of livestock production globally and in Asia. It finds that livestock occupies one third of global cropland and one quarter of ice-free land for pastures. Asia accounts for 32% of global enteric greenhouse gas emissions from livestock, with most emissions coming from India, China, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Rapid growth of livestock production in Asia is contributing to water and air pollution through nutrient runoff and emissions. The document discusses opportunities for public and private investment in more sustainable and climate-friendly livestock systems through technologies, monitoring, plant-based alternatives, and policies to guide intensification.
Presentation by Han Soethoudt, Jan Broeze, and Heike Axmann of Wageningen University & Resaearch (WUR).
WUR and Olam Rice Nigeria conducted a controlled experiment in Nigeria in which mechanized rice harvesting and threshing were introduced on smallholder farms. The result of the study shows that mechanization considerably reduces losses, has a positive impact on farmers’ income, and the climate.
Learn more: https://www.wur.nl/en/news-wur/show-day/Mechanization-helps-Nigerian-farms-reduce-food-loss-and-increase-income.htm
Presentation on the rapid evidence review findings and key take away messages.
Current evidence for biodiversity and agriculture to achieve and bridging gaps in research and investment to reach multiple global goals.
The document evaluates how climate services provided to farmers in Rwanda through programs like Participatory Integrated Climate Services for Agriculture (PICSA) and Radio Listeners’ Clubs (RLC) have impacted women and men differently, finding that the programs have increased women's climate knowledge and participation in agricultural decision making, leading to perceived benefits like higher incomes, food security, and ability to cope with climate risks for both women and men farmers.
This document provides an introduction to climate-smart agriculture (CSA) in Busia County, Kenya. It defines CSA and its three objectives of sustainably increasing agricultural productivity and income, adapting and building resilience to climate change, and reducing and/or removing greenhouse gas emissions. It discusses CSA at the farm and landscape scales and provides examples of CSA practices and projects in Kenya. It also outlines Kenya's response to CSA through policies and programs. The document describes prioritizing CSA options through identifying the local context, available options, relevant outcomes, evaluating evidence on options' impacts, and choosing best-bet options based on the analysis.
1) The document outlines an action plan to scale research outputs from the EC LEDS project in Vietnam. It identifies key activities to update livestock feed databases and software, improve feeding management practices, develop policies around carbon tracking and subsidies, and raise awareness of stakeholders.
2) The plan's main goals are to strengthen national feed resources, update the PC Dairy software, build greenhouse gas inventory systems, and adopt standards to reduce emissions in agriculture and the livestock industry.
3) Key stakeholders involved in implementing the plan include the Department of Livestock Production, universities, and ministries focused on agriculture and the environment.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdfSelcen Ozturkcan
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
2. 10:00 – 10:05 Welcome and introduction – Nkulumo Zinyengere, World Bank
10:05 – 10:15
Summary of web seminar results – Ciniro Costa Jr, CCAFS
Facilitator plan for “virtual table” deep dive discussions – Tim Mealey, Meridian Institute
10:15 – 10:25 Finance community needs – Chandra Shekhar Sinha, World Bank
10:25 – 11:10
Deep dives into soil carbon accounting for investment needs
Tables discuss and present emerging best accounting practices for each topic area and what is
needed to make these useable by finance for carbon accounting: low cost, low uncertainty and
reliable SOC accounting.
Output: notes taken within this platform
1. Summary of state-of-the-art practice;
2. Applicability of methods to finance sector or adjustments needed;
3. Recommendations to address issues.
Table 1 – Measurement
Table 2 – Accounting Design
11:10 – 11:25 Break
11:25 – 11:35 Tables present their outputs (up to 5 minutes per table)
11:35 – 11:55 Discussion
11:55 – 12:00 Closing remarks – Lini Wollenberg, CCAFS
Day One: Deep Dives Agenda
3. Summary of webinar seminar results
Session 1 - The need for soil carbon accounting
Session 2 – Soil carbon accounting frontiers
4. ACTIONS
To make it more practical and viable:
• Integrated approaches for measurement-modeling-activity data
• Focus on a few high quality direct measurements
• Reduce uncertainty of models
• Enhance capability to incorporate farm-level activity data
Summary of webinar seminar results
Financial community need:
• Standardized, accurate and low-cost approach to soil C accounting:
• “Low-cost estimates with low bias and ‘moderate’ uncertainty at
‘project’ scale”
To ensure integrity:
• Accounting infrastructure and program
• verification processes
• discounts, buffers, blockchain
• risk of permanence
5. Enhancing investment in soil health and
carbon storage: Frontiers for linking
finance and carbon accounting
September 17, 2020
Soil Organic Carbon:
Finance Community Needs
Chandra Shekhar Sinha
Adviser, Climate Change Group
World Bank.
csinha@worldbank.org
6. As of April 1, 2020, 110 countries are considering
a net zero climate target, of which…
Carbon pricing is necessary but not sufficient
to achieve the net zero climate goals…
Source: World Bank, State and Trends of Carbon Pricing, 2020
9. 9
Voluntary offset market buyers have expectations and concerns
Positive story
with great
case studies,
photos and
videos
Innovation
and
uniqueness
Best practice
projects with
robust results
Value for
money
Buyer
Wants
Reputational
risks
Lack of
delivery
Accusation
of greenwash
Stakeholder
criticism
Buyer
Fears
10. 10
Investors interest in Soil Organic Carbon as Offsets/ Insets
Buyers/ investors in the carbon
markets are looking for:
• Credibility of reductions/ removals
• Contribution to the level of
ambition of the Paris Agreement
goals
• Consistency with long-term
climate strategy
• Clear economic impact at the local
level and contribution to
sustainable development
• Level of ambition in the
mechanism or project
• Independent assessment
Communications
on community-level
impact and the
economic and
environmental co-
benefits
Emphasis on soil
and contribution to
zero” goals of the Paris
Agreement
Robust accounting,
recognized standards
and methodologies,
measured
and social outcomes
Independent
endorsement, positive
co-benefits of soil
enhancement
particularly economic
impact to rural poor
Positioning
Offsets from
Soil Carbon
11. Methodology MRV Quality Institutions
11
Internationally peer-
reviewed
methodologies applied
and adapted to be fit
for purpose. Build on
independent
standards (Verra, GS,
CAR, etc.)
Standardized and
scalable MRV
framework using best
available technologies
(remote sensing,
sensors, IoT, etc.)
Independent third
party assessment of
the methodology,
design and the results
(carbon offsets)
Defining clear
institutional approval
processes and
documentation for
participation in climate
markets
CREATINGCARBONOFFSETS
Move towards standardization of the process of creating
carbon assets (for offsets and compliance requirements)
12. Methodology and MRV development should be fit-for-purpose and evolve
Fit-for-purpose methodology and MRV should could
start with the purpose of encouraging investment,
result based finance and evolve to “market grade”
methodologies with increasing data, modeling and
sophistication of MRV systems:
• Scalable and designed to catalyze and drive systemic
change
• Landscape level design, validation and verification
• Stratification and innovative sampling will reduce cost
and complexity
• Accurate for capturing the results impact
• Sampling and modeling utilized to identify impacts
(sequestered carbon) at manageable costs and
reasonable accuracy
• Methodology and MRV should evolve in accuracy
• With iteration, data and model accuracy should
improve
• Sampling can become better designed at lower costs
with more reliable results
13. Summary and conclusions
• Growing interest in natural climate (nature based) solutions to meet the global goal a net
zero planet by 2050
• Soil organic carbon removals can play a very important role in being part of the measures
for sequestration/ removal of greenhouse gasses
• For this to happen, soil organic measures need to gain the visibility of the global
community though credible accounting methodologies and MRV systems that is
implementable in a cost-effective manner:
Scalable and designed to catalyze and drive systemic change
Accurate for capturing the results impact
Methodology and MRV should evolve in accuracy
• Fit-for-purpose methodologies and MRV systems should could start with the purpose of
encouraging investment, result based finance and evolve to “market grade” accounting
methodologies and associated MRV systems.
• There is a need to consider a sequenced approach for result based payments to evolve
into carbon market linked incentives
Last week we had the pleasure of listening to 11 talks, including 3 keynotes and 8 on state-of-the-art initiatives. On session one, participants were really good at setting the scene by showing:
1 - the necessity of a low-cost and reliable soil C accounting system for leveraging public and private finance towards soil C projects;
2 - real ground level interventions leading to soil C sequestration and;
3 – how MRV should look like for meeting these project and financial demands.
State-of-the-art initiatives covered actions across private and public sectors at local and global levels. For example, last week we heard about:
1 - partnerships with farmers on activity data collection (Bayer), which were coupled with soil measurements and modeling as well as payments linked to soil C sequestration (Indigo and Nori),
2 - MRV components improvements for land aggregation (VERRA),
3 - remote sensing applications and market place platform developments (Dagan and Ecosystem Marketplace),
4 - an entire MRV and C market established by the Australian Gov., and;
5 - global engagement through the FAO - RECSOIL.
Accurate and low-cost approach, that can provide a significant rationale for the use of public and private funds
From the financial sectors perspective the message was around “it does not need to be perfect, but reliable”.
To make it more practical and viable: Need: integrated platform for measurement-modeling-activity data.
In order to make such an approach practical and viable 3 actions could be taken.
1 – setting up measurement campaigns on major edaphoclimatic and management conditions for better understanding processes and management effects on soil carbon.
2 – data could be used for calibrate models for scale
3 – strengthen ability for farmers/practitioners to provide data and test management options using decision support systems (i.e. platforms)
Finally, we should take into consideration aspects of accounting designs for ensuring integrity of the accounting system. It means look at components that sit beyond the measurement itself.