India has high levels of malnutrition despite economic growth, with nearly half of children stunted. Reducing child mortality (MDG 4) requires tackling malnutrition. One third of Indian children suffer from low birth weight, stunted growth, anemia or vitamin deficiencies. Targeting of nutrition programs, weak implementation, gender discrimination, and lack of political will have limited progress. Solutions proposed include universalizing nutrition schemes, strengthening community health workers, empowering women, and enacting comprehensive food security legislation.
References
Economic Survey of Pakistan 2010-2011
A.Islam. Health Sector Reform in Pakistan: Future Directions.
http://www.who.int/en/
An Introduction to Health Planning in Developing Countries assessed at http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/7/4/local/back-matter.pdf
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2805%2971146-6/fulltext
Population Control and Related Health Programmes Annu verma
Population Control and Related Health Programmes by M.Sc Nursing student of M.M.College of Nursing,Mullana (Ambala) in community health nursing speciality
Objectives and National organizations in family welfare programme. this presentation includes the objectives of family welfare programme and some of the national organizations in family welfare programme.
In recent years, the world has seen unprecedented attention and political commitment to addressing malnutrition. As nutrition rapidly rises on the global agenda, guidance is urgently needed on how to design, implement, and evaluate nutrition-enhancing policies and interventions. Nourishing Millions: Stories of Change in Nutrition brings together the most intriguing stories about improving nutrition from the past five decades. These stories provide insight into what works in nutrition, what does not, and the factors that contribute to success.
Evolution of National Family Planning Programme (NFPP) and National Populatio...Dr Kumaravel
This presentation discuss the evolution of India's National Family Planning Program and National Population Policy 2000, significant impact of 1994 Cairo conference on country's Reproductive health approach.
Malnutrition in India-Background and solutions proposedRohen Agrawal
Despite India's 50% increase in GDP since 1991, more than one third of the world's malnourished children live in India. Among these, half of them under 3 are underweight and a third of wealthiest children are over-nutriented. The World Bank estimates that India is one of the highest ranking countries in the world for the number of children suffering from malnutrition. The presentation proposes how this problem of malnourishment can be eliminated from India.
References
Economic Survey of Pakistan 2010-2011
A.Islam. Health Sector Reform in Pakistan: Future Directions.
http://www.who.int/en/
An Introduction to Health Planning in Developing Countries assessed at http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/7/4/local/back-matter.pdf
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2805%2971146-6/fulltext
Population Control and Related Health Programmes Annu verma
Population Control and Related Health Programmes by M.Sc Nursing student of M.M.College of Nursing,Mullana (Ambala) in community health nursing speciality
Objectives and National organizations in family welfare programme. this presentation includes the objectives of family welfare programme and some of the national organizations in family welfare programme.
In recent years, the world has seen unprecedented attention and political commitment to addressing malnutrition. As nutrition rapidly rises on the global agenda, guidance is urgently needed on how to design, implement, and evaluate nutrition-enhancing policies and interventions. Nourishing Millions: Stories of Change in Nutrition brings together the most intriguing stories about improving nutrition from the past five decades. These stories provide insight into what works in nutrition, what does not, and the factors that contribute to success.
Evolution of National Family Planning Programme (NFPP) and National Populatio...Dr Kumaravel
This presentation discuss the evolution of India's National Family Planning Program and National Population Policy 2000, significant impact of 1994 Cairo conference on country's Reproductive health approach.
Malnutrition in India-Background and solutions proposedRohen Agrawal
Despite India's 50% increase in GDP since 1991, more than one third of the world's malnourished children live in India. Among these, half of them under 3 are underweight and a third of wealthiest children are over-nutriented. The World Bank estimates that India is one of the highest ranking countries in the world for the number of children suffering from malnutrition. The presentation proposes how this problem of malnourishment can be eliminated from India.
NPP National population policyAfter independence the first objective of India...AKHILAPK2
After independence the first objective of Indian government was economic and social development. In economic and social development, government focus on to create the choices for the people to enhance the wellbeing of the population.
In 1952 India was first country in the world who launch the family planning program to decrease the birth rates.
A positive population policy which aims at reducing the birth rate and ultimately stabilising the growth rate of population.
In India, where the majority of people are illiterate, fatalist, and custom-ridden, and do not believe in family planning, only the government’s initiative can help in controlling population growth.
India is the most populous country in the world with one-sixth of the world's population.
The estimated total population in India amounted to approximately 1.42 billion people.
The current population of India is 1,433,840,754 as of Friday, November 24, 2023.
India the population is equivalent to 17.76% of the total world population.
India ranks number 1 in the list of countries by population.
Stabilizing population is an essential requirement for promoting sustainable development with more equitable distribution.India the population is equivalent to 17.76% of the total world population.
India ranks number 1 in the list of countries by population.
Stabilizing population is an essential requirement for promoting sustainable development with more equitable distribution.
India the population is equivalent to 17.76% of the total world population.
India ranks number 1 in the list of countries by population.
Stabilizing population is an essential requirement for promoting sustainable development with more equitable distribution.
Major Causes:
Early marriage
Poverty and illiteracy
Age old cultural norm
Illegal migration
Effects:
Unemployment
Depletion of Natural Resources
High Cost of Living
Degradation of Environment
Conflicts and Wars
Pressure on infrastructure
Fragmentation of land
Government of India has accepted the National population policy on 15th February 2000.
According to this policy, stabilization of population is very important to ensure continuous growth ,socioeconomic development and quality life.
Reproduction and child health has been given an important place in this policy.There are three types of objectives for National Population Policy (NPP) 2000:
1. The Immediate Objective:
Paying attention to the short supply of contraceptives and unfulfilled demands of health system and health workers.
Arranging service organizations and supplies needed to look after the basic reproductive and child health care.
2. The Medium-Term Objective:
The medium-term objective is to bring the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) to replacement level by 2010 .
3. The Long-Term Objective:
Stabilizing the population by the year 2045,according to stable economic growth ,social development and environment safety.
Socio Demographic Targets: Paying attention to the reproductive and child health, health
Worldwide, women are disproportionately affected by economic vulnerability, lower social status, and limited access to education compared to men. The importance of addressing gender inequalities in access to healthcare has been well-established in the literature with a demonstrated reduction in mortality and morbidity for men and women alike
Malnutrition costs the world trillions of dollars, but global commitment to improving people’s nutrition is on the rise, and so is our knowledge of how to do so. Over the past 50 years, understanding of nutrition has evolved beyond a narrow focus on hunger and famine. We now know that good nutrition depends not only on people’s access to a wide variety of foods, but also on the care they receive and the environment they live in. A number of countries and programs have exploited this new understanding to make enormous strides in nutrition. Nourishing Millions: Stories of Change in Nutrition brings together the most intriguing stories from the past five decades to show what works in nutrition, what does not, and the factors that contribute to success. The stories gathered here examine interventions that address nutrition directly—such as community nutrition programming and feeding programs for infants and young children—as well as nutrition-sensitive policies related to agriculture, social protection, and clean water and sanitation. The authors consider efforts to combat the severest forms of acute malnutrition as well as overweight and obesity. They shed light on nutrition success stories on the ground in places ranging from Bangladesh, Brazil, Nepal, Peru, Thailand, and Vietnam to Ethiopia and the state of Odisha in India. The book also examines how nutrition “champions” emerge and drive change. Altogether, Nourishing Millions is a unique look at past and emerging nutrition successes and challenges around the world.
A health system, also sometimes referred to as health care system, is the organization of people, institutions, and resources that deliver health care services to meet the health needs of target populations.
Health systems are responsible for delivering services that improve, maintain or restore the health of individuals and their communities.
Common elements in virtually all health systems are primary healthcare and public health measures.
THAILAND REDUCED CHILD undernutrition by more than half within one decade—an achievement recognized by the nutrition community as one of the best examples of a successful national nutrition program. Underweight rates among children under five decreased from more than 50 percent to less than 20 percent from 1982 to 1991, and severe and moderate underweight rates were nearly eliminated. The underweight rate was further reduced to 10 percent by 1996 and to 9 percent by 2012. Maternal care interventions were also successful. Thailand improved the reach of antenatal care—coverage increased from 35 percent in 1981 to near 95 percent in 2006. And iron-deficiency anemia prevalence among pregnant women was reduced from nearly 60 percent in the 1960s to 10 percent in 2005.
Ensuring agricultural biodiversity and nutrition remain central to addressing...Bioversity International
Given at Bioversity/FAO meeting on Biodiversity and sustainable diets, 3-5 November 2010. Read more about Bioversity International’s work on diet diversity for nutrition and health: http://www.bioversityinternational.org/research-portfolio/diet-diversity/
Background of National Nutrition Program
Malnutrition in Nepal
Efforts to address under-nutrition
Objectives of National Nutrition Programme
Targets of National Nutrition Programme
Strategies of National Nutrition Programme
2nd year BSc Nursing - UNIT - 7 Population control.pptxthiru murugan
2nd Year B.Sc Nursing Community Health Nursing – IPopulation & Its Control
By,
M. Thiru Murugan
Population and its control (II BSc –Unit VII)
Population and its control
Population explosion and its impact on social, economic development of individual, society and country
Population control
Overall development: Women empowerment, social, economic and educational development
Limiting family size
Promotion of small family norm
Methods :
Spacing (natural, biological, chemical, mechanical methods etc)
Terminal : surgical methods
Emergency contraception
Population explosion
India is second largest country according to population
There are two things that affect the population size of the world
Birth rate- the number of live babies born per thousand of the population per year
Death rate- the number of deaths per thousand of the population per year.
When the birth rate is higher than the death rate, more people are being born than are dying, so the population grows. This is called Natural increase
When the death rate is higher than the birth rate it is called the natural decrease.
Causes of Population explosion
Early attainment of puberty in girls.
Early marriage at the age of 15.
Low standard of living.
Illiteracy.
Lack of awareness regarding method of family planning.
Due to tradition & faith of god.
Stages of Population explosion
Countries go through five stages of population growth
High Stationary
Early Expanding
Late Expanding
Low Stationary
Declining
1.High Stationary
Stage 1:
Birth rate is high because there's no use of contraception, and people have lots of children because many infants die.
Death rate is high due to poor healthcare.
Population growth rate is zero.
Population structure- life expectancy is low, so the population is made up of mainly young people
2.Early Expanding
Stage 2:
Birth rate is high because there's no use of contraception
Economy is based on agriculture so people have lots of children to work on farms.
Death rate falls due to improved healthcare.
Population growth rate is very high.
Population structure- life expectancy has increased but there are still more young people than older people
3.Late Expanding
Stage 3:
Birth rate is rapidly falling due to the empowerment of women and better education.
The use of contraception increases
The economy also changes to manufacturing, so fewer children are needed to work on farms.
Death rate falls due to more medical advances.
Population growth rate is high
Population structure- more people are living to be older
4. Low Stationary
Stage 4:
Birth rate is low- people move to urban areas
This means there is less money available for having children.
Death rate is low and fluctuating.
Population growth rate is zero.
Population structure- life expectancy is high, so even more people are living to be older
5.Declining
Birth rate slowly falling
Death rate slow and fluctuating
Population growth rate is negative
Population structure: more older peoples then
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Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
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Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
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The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
2. • DESPITE IMPRESSIVE ECONOMIC GROWTH, INDIA HAS HIGH CHILD
MORTALITY RATES AND NEARLY HALF ITS CHILDREN ARE STUNTED.
• MDG 4 –TO REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY BY TWO- THIRDS – CANNOT
BE ACHIEVED WITHOUT TACKLING MALNUTRITION.
• India is home to one-third of the world’s poor, with over one-fourth
of the population – about 410 million people – living in poverty,
60% in the seven lowest-income states.
• One-third of children are born with low birth weight, 43% of under-
fives are underweight, 48% are stunted, 20% are wasted, 70% are
anemic and 57% are vitamin A deficient.
• There are wide and increasing disparities across different states
and economic groups.
• Progress towards reducing malnutrition has been limited,
particularly in the last two decades.
3. • But nutrition security has remained a leading issue in political and
policy debates. In 2001, the Supreme Court of India pronounced the
Right to Food as an implication of the Fundamental Right to Life
enshrined in the Indian Constitution.
• This order also converted the eight nutrition-related state schemes
into legal entitlements. The government enacted the 2005 National
Rural Employment Guarantee Act after immense mobilization and
pressure by civil society, non-governmental organizations, and
social and labour movements. These groups have also been leading
a nationwide Right to Food Campaign since 2001.
4. • The National Food Security Bill 2011 has been approved by the
Union Cabinet and is placed before Parliament during the recent
session(2013)
• Prime Minister’s Council on Nutrition has also prioritized
malnutrition.
• The Coalition for Sustainable Nutrition Security in India, formed in
2008 and now chaired by Save the Children, is a high-level
committee that brings together various actors such as the
government, the development sector, the media, policy-makers,
bureaucrats, scientists and the private sector to work
collaboratively towards overcoming malnutrition.
• In addition, the forthcoming 12th Five-year Plan proposes a
restructuring of the national Integrated Child Development Services
programme.
5. • There are other complementary policy frameworks and schemes in
education, health, water, sanitation and agriculture.
• “...malnutrition is a matter of national shame. despite impressive
growth in our GDP, the level of malnutrition in the country is
unacceptably high.”
Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, speaking at the launch of the
2011 HUNGaMA Survey Report, 10 January 2012.
6.
7. ISSUES AND SOLUTIONS RELATED
TO MALNUTRITION
ISSUES:
• TARGETING
• IMPLEMENTATION , COORDINATION AND CAPACITY
• GENDER DISCRIMINATION
• POLITICAL WILL
8. ISSUES RELATED TO
MALNUTRITION
TARGETING :
• There is no streamlined targeting of nutrition-related
programmes for pregnant women and children under two –
both critical periods to avoid malnutrition.
• The below poverty line targeting model practiced in some
schemes like the Public Distribution System does not
encompass a large percentage of poor people due to opaque
bureaucratic enrolment procedures, inadequate selection
criteria and lack of consideration of the seasonality of poverty.
9. • The model promotes a ‘management’ rather than ‘prevention’
approach to nutrition, and is detrimental to social inclusion and
solidarity.
• Those who are most marginalized (women, Dalit's, Adivasis,
landless or displaced rural poor, migrant workers, urban slum-
dwellers and people who are homeless or displaced, women-
headed households, children under two) are still largely excluded
10. IMPLEMENTATION , COORDINATION AND CAPACITY
• Despite a series of progressive welfare schemes, these are marred
by misappropriation or underutilization of financial assistance.
• Service delivery mechanisms are weak and inefficient (e.g., irregular
cereal-stock delivery to Public Distribution System outlets or
Aaganwadi
• Coordination between various central, state and local departments
and bodies mean that links across the health, education, water,
sanitation and agriculture sectors, which could improve the
implementation of many schemes, do not exist.
11. • Grassroot-level workers are overburdened, under-trained,
underpaid, demotivated and ill-equipped.
• Bureaucrats lack adequate understanding of the issues and there is
no specialized nutrition post at the central ministry level
• The current approach to reducing malnutrition thus fails to take into
account the complex and multifaceted nature of the issue, which is
dependent on a host of economic, environmental, agricultural,
health, cultural, political and administrative determinants.
12. • GENDER DISCRIMINATION :
• India has one of the highest proportions of malnourished women in
the developing world.
• As many as 35.6% of adult women (15–49 years) suffered from
chronic energy deficiency in 2006 and 70% of non-pregnant and
75% of pregnant adult women were anemic in 2000.
• A large proportion of these women are from the poorest sections
of society.
• Patriarchal norms that propagate gender inequality and practices
like child marriage trap adolescent girls and women in a cycle of
malnutrition and ill-health, which has severe development
implications, including low birth weight, child malnutrition and
chronic diseases.
13. POLITICAL WILL :
• Despite rhetorical commitment to tackling malnutrition, strong
commitment and political will is lacking. As a result, food and
nutrition has become a hotly debated issue.
• The proposed National Food Security Bill has been severely
criticized by the Right to Food campaign for being half-hearted.
• The push towards cash transfers, debates around ready-to-eat v/s
cooked meals in the mid-day meal programme or centralized
fortified food production vs decentralized food procurement, and
autonomy or feeding-practice awareness vs baby food, highlight the
contentious issue of corporate involvement in food policy.
• The government has no clear conflict of interests policy to address
these concerns, except the Regulation of Production, Supply and
Distribution Act 1992.
.
14. • Recent budgetary allocations to child nutrition have been grossly
inadequate.
• The state approach to nutrition has also been limited mainly to a
technical one and has not paid sufficient regard to the effects of
socioeconomic structural changes
• The government has no clear conflict of interests policy to address
these concerns, except the Regulation of Production, Supply and
Distribution Act 1992.
• The state approach to nutrition has also been limited mainly to a
technical one and has not paid sufficient regard to the effects of
socioeconomic structural changes
15. SOLUTIONS RELATED TO
MALNUTRITION
TARGETING :
• Universalize and ensure inclusiveness in all nutrition-related state
schemes with commitment to ‘universalization with quality for all’.
• Improve selection criteria and procedures for
the below poverty line model, so that it defines nutritional
entitlements as per Indian Council for Medical Reform14 norms, takes
into account the multidimensional nature of poverty and engages local
bodies like the Gram Sabha, female self-help groups and community-
based organizations.
• Launch a drive to bring rapid access to the poorest people and scale
up the Antyodaya Scheme, especially provision of standard, state-of-
the art feeding and care for children with severe acute malnutrition.
• Increase coverage and central funding to schemes in poor
performing states.
16. IMPLEMENTATION , COORDINATION AND CAPACITY
• Decentralized service delivery, management and response, e.g., so
that food entitlements through the integrated child development
services and public distribution system can be procured locally and
farmers also benefit from assured minimum prices
• Restructure Integrated Child Development Services to include
children aged 0–2 years and increase focus on preschool education.
• Encourage community ownership of management and monitoring of
schemes, involve Panchayati Raj Institutions and other village-level
committees, and promote participatory planning.
• Mobilize local, state and national-level citizen action for enhanced
transparency and accountability, use innovative approaches like social
audits, the right to information, community vigilance groups, workers’
and women’s collectives, etc.
17. • Strengthen the knowledge and skills, as well as support systems, for
community-level workers (especially Anganwadi Workers, Accredited
Social Health Activists, Auxiliary Nurse Midwives and teachers) and
primary-level providers and counsellors.
• Recommend and support the process of convergence between
various government ministries, programmes and non-state actors;
prevent integrated cross-cutting schemes from creating parallel
mechanisms.
18. GENDER DISCRIMINATION
• Emphasize empowering women, collectivization and access to
resources, and address the socio-cultural- patriarchal issues that affect
women.
• Focus on combating child marriage and adolescent pregnancy,
empowering and meeting the nutritional needs of married and
unmarried adolescent girls.
• Introduce a national scheme for maternity entitlements in the
informal sector, including cash support of Rs1,000 per month for six
months without any exclusions for age or number of children.
• Promote awareness of infant feeding practices and build capacity of
accredited social health activist volunteers as community ambassadors
for women’s rights.
• Expand the focus on girls’ and women’s nutrition within existing
national programmes.
19. POLITICAL WILL
• Enact a comprehensive National Food Security Bill 2011, and make
appropriate budgetary allocations in nutrition that meet the
requirements of the Supreme Court April 2004 Order.
• Focus on the work of the Coalition for Sustainable Nutrition Security
in India to assist the government to develop a strong programme
based on proven interventions.
• Keep the ‘best interests’ of children in mind when deciding on
nutrition interventions.
• Enact a ‘conflict of interests’ regulation in child health programmes
consistent with the World Health Assembly resolutions.
20. • Promote nutritional food entitlements like pulses, milk, eggs, oil,
etc., in addition to cereals, and the indigenous production and
provision of therapeutic foods rather than expensive ‘medicalised’
micronutrient supplements
• Develop strong local accountability mechanisms.
• Seek to better understand the link between malnutrition and
socioeconomic changes, such as increasing urbanization, structural
transformation of the economy, displacement and agricultural crisis.