Malnutrition is a major problem in India, with 47% of children under 3 years old being underweight. South Asia has the highest rates of malnourished children globally. While India has the largest nutrition program in the world, malnutrition rates remain high, showing a gap between resources and their implementation. The proposed Nourish to Flourish initiative would address malnutrition in India using a Positive Deviance model to identify and spread successful feeding, caring, and health practices in vulnerable communities.
4. day 2 session 1 nutrition sensitive programs and policiesPOSHAN
Presentation made at a two-day workshop "Stepping up to India’s Nutrition Challenge: The Critical Role of Policy Makers" for district administrators from India’s Aspirational Districts, on 6-7 Aug 2018, at Mussoorie.
Presentation made at a two-day workshop "Stepping up to India’s Nutrition Challenge: The Critical Role of Policy Makers" for district administrators from India’s Aspirational Districts, on 6-7 Aug 2018, at Mussoorie.
Presentation made at a two-day workshop "Stepping up to India’s Nutrition Challenge: The Critical Role of Policy Makers" for district administrators from India’s Aspirational Districts, on 6-7 Aug 2018, at Mussoorie.
This presentation by Kenda Cunningham, Helen Keller International was shown at the Transform Nutrition - Evidence for Action regional meeting in Kathmandu, Nepal on 8 July 2017. This one-day event shared Transform Nutrition evidence on key issues related to nutrition policy in Nepal, Bangladesh and India, lessons on strategies for change from other contexts and discuss the relevance and applicability of the research findings to policies/programmes that aim to address nutrition in South Asia.
4. day 2 session 1 nutrition sensitive programs and policiesPOSHAN
Presentation made at a two-day workshop "Stepping up to India’s Nutrition Challenge: The Critical Role of Policy Makers" for district administrators from India’s Aspirational Districts, on 6-7 Aug 2018, at Mussoorie.
Presentation made at a two-day workshop "Stepping up to India’s Nutrition Challenge: The Critical Role of Policy Makers" for district administrators from India’s Aspirational Districts, on 6-7 Aug 2018, at Mussoorie.
Presentation made at a two-day workshop "Stepping up to India’s Nutrition Challenge: The Critical Role of Policy Makers" for district administrators from India’s Aspirational Districts, on 6-7 Aug 2018, at Mussoorie.
This presentation by Kenda Cunningham, Helen Keller International was shown at the Transform Nutrition - Evidence for Action regional meeting in Kathmandu, Nepal on 8 July 2017. This one-day event shared Transform Nutrition evidence on key issues related to nutrition policy in Nepal, Bangladesh and India, lessons on strategies for change from other contexts and discuss the relevance and applicability of the research findings to policies/programmes that aim to address nutrition in South Asia.
Essential Nutrition Actions (ENA) Update - India RMNCH conference, Feb 2015JSI
This presentation highlights the Essential Nutrition Actions framework to promote key practices in women's and children's nutrition by: 1. emphasizing do-able actions to demystify nutrition, 2. building capacity of existing systems and interventions and 3. strengthening the system of delivery.
The presentation gives specific WHO-recommended, high-impact nutrition interventions and how they can be delivered through a life-cycle approach by using existing health contacts like schools, mass media, and other community channels.
This presentation was made by Dr. Agnes Guyon at the 14th World Congress on Public Health in Kolkata, India in February 2015.
Malnutrition costs the world trillions of dollars, but global commitment to improving people’s nutrition is on the rise, and so is our knowledge of how to do so. Over the past 50 years, understanding of nutrition has evolved beyond a narrow focus on hunger and famine. We now know that good nutrition depends not only on people’s access to a wide variety of foods, but also on the care they receive and the environment they live in. A number of countries and programs have exploited this new understanding to make enormous strides in nutrition. Nourishing Millions: Stories of Change in Nutrition brings together the most intriguing stories from the past five decades to show what works in nutrition, what does not, and the factors that contribute to success. The stories gathered here examine interventions that address nutrition directly—such as community nutrition programming and feeding programs for infants and young children—as well as nutrition-sensitive policies related to agriculture, social protection, and clean water and sanitation. The authors consider efforts to combat the severest forms of acute malnutrition as well as overweight and obesity. They shed light on nutrition success stories on the ground in places ranging from Bangladesh, Brazil, Nepal, Peru, Thailand, and Vietnam to Ethiopia and the state of Odisha in India. The book also examines how nutrition “champions” emerge and drive change. Altogether, Nourishing Millions is a unique look at past and emerging nutrition successes and challenges around the world.
Stakeholder Consultation: State of Maternal Health and Nutrition in the PHKABAYAN Partylist
This report summarizes the presentations and discussions in a recently concluded consultation led by the KABAYAN Party list on the state of maternal health and nutrition in the Philippines.
The KABAYAN Party list, in partnership with the Development Academy of the Philippines and the British Chevening Alumni Foundation of the Philippines, Inc., undertook an assessment with various stakeholders from different sectors on November 26, 2019 at the Development Academy of the Philippines. Consultations were held with representatives from the Department of Health of the Philippines, National Nutrition Council, Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Food and Drug Administration, House of Representatives, Ilocos Medical Center, Pampanga Health Office, and affiliate organizations of the KABAYAN Party list, among other invited stakeholders.
In recent years, the world has seen unprecedented attention and political commitment to addressing malnutrition. As nutrition rapidly rises on the global agenda, guidance is urgently needed on how to design, implement, and evaluate nutrition-enhancing policies and interventions. Nourishing Millions: Stories of Change in Nutrition brings together the most intriguing stories about improving nutrition from the past five decades. These stories provide insight into what works in nutrition, what does not, and the factors that contribute to success.
The Global Nutrition Report's emphasis on nutritional well-being for all, particularly the most vulnerable, has a heightened significance in the face of this new global threat. The need for more equitable, resilient and sustainable food and health systems has never been more urgent.
The U.S. Government’s Global Health Initiativejehill3
The U.S. Government’s Global Health Initiative
Richard Greene, Director, Office of Health, Infectious Diseases and Nutrition, Bureau for Global Health, USAID
CORE Group Spring Meeting, Tuesday April 27, 2010
This presentation covers the USAID Office of Maternal, Child Health and Nutrition; the Office of Health Systems; Office of Population and Reproductive Health; and the Center for Innovation and Impact.
State of Maternal and Children's Health and Nutrition During Pandemic and Cal...KABAYAN Partylist
We are looking forward to sharing with you the highlights of the recent stakeholder consultation of KABAYAN Partylist and Development Academy of the Philippines on the State of Maternal and Children’s Health and Nutrition During the Pandemic held last December 03, 2020.
The presentations made during the event are summarized in the attached report entitled “Second Stakeholder Consultation on the State of Maternal & Children’s Health and Nutrition During Pandemic and Calamities” which brings together the reports, excerpts, and key findings given by Cong. Ron P. Salo, Cong. Stella Quimbo, Department of Health Usec. Rosario Vergeire, Philippine Center for Population and Development Former Executive Director Dr. Jondi Flavier, DAP Family Medicine Consultant Dr. Jewehl Salo, and representatives from the Department of Social Welfare and Development during the event.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles_Guide to DNPsPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that this guide uses the example of Bihar. POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
Essential Nutrition Actions (ENA) Update - India RMNCH conference, Feb 2015JSI
This presentation highlights the Essential Nutrition Actions framework to promote key practices in women's and children's nutrition by: 1. emphasizing do-able actions to demystify nutrition, 2. building capacity of existing systems and interventions and 3. strengthening the system of delivery.
The presentation gives specific WHO-recommended, high-impact nutrition interventions and how they can be delivered through a life-cycle approach by using existing health contacts like schools, mass media, and other community channels.
This presentation was made by Dr. Agnes Guyon at the 14th World Congress on Public Health in Kolkata, India in February 2015.
Malnutrition costs the world trillions of dollars, but global commitment to improving people’s nutrition is on the rise, and so is our knowledge of how to do so. Over the past 50 years, understanding of nutrition has evolved beyond a narrow focus on hunger and famine. We now know that good nutrition depends not only on people’s access to a wide variety of foods, but also on the care they receive and the environment they live in. A number of countries and programs have exploited this new understanding to make enormous strides in nutrition. Nourishing Millions: Stories of Change in Nutrition brings together the most intriguing stories from the past five decades to show what works in nutrition, what does not, and the factors that contribute to success. The stories gathered here examine interventions that address nutrition directly—such as community nutrition programming and feeding programs for infants and young children—as well as nutrition-sensitive policies related to agriculture, social protection, and clean water and sanitation. The authors consider efforts to combat the severest forms of acute malnutrition as well as overweight and obesity. They shed light on nutrition success stories on the ground in places ranging from Bangladesh, Brazil, Nepal, Peru, Thailand, and Vietnam to Ethiopia and the state of Odisha in India. The book also examines how nutrition “champions” emerge and drive change. Altogether, Nourishing Millions is a unique look at past and emerging nutrition successes and challenges around the world.
Stakeholder Consultation: State of Maternal Health and Nutrition in the PHKABAYAN Partylist
This report summarizes the presentations and discussions in a recently concluded consultation led by the KABAYAN Party list on the state of maternal health and nutrition in the Philippines.
The KABAYAN Party list, in partnership with the Development Academy of the Philippines and the British Chevening Alumni Foundation of the Philippines, Inc., undertook an assessment with various stakeholders from different sectors on November 26, 2019 at the Development Academy of the Philippines. Consultations were held with representatives from the Department of Health of the Philippines, National Nutrition Council, Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Food and Drug Administration, House of Representatives, Ilocos Medical Center, Pampanga Health Office, and affiliate organizations of the KABAYAN Party list, among other invited stakeholders.
In recent years, the world has seen unprecedented attention and political commitment to addressing malnutrition. As nutrition rapidly rises on the global agenda, guidance is urgently needed on how to design, implement, and evaluate nutrition-enhancing policies and interventions. Nourishing Millions: Stories of Change in Nutrition brings together the most intriguing stories about improving nutrition from the past five decades. These stories provide insight into what works in nutrition, what does not, and the factors that contribute to success.
The Global Nutrition Report's emphasis on nutritional well-being for all, particularly the most vulnerable, has a heightened significance in the face of this new global threat. The need for more equitable, resilient and sustainable food and health systems has never been more urgent.
The U.S. Government’s Global Health Initiativejehill3
The U.S. Government’s Global Health Initiative
Richard Greene, Director, Office of Health, Infectious Diseases and Nutrition, Bureau for Global Health, USAID
CORE Group Spring Meeting, Tuesday April 27, 2010
This presentation covers the USAID Office of Maternal, Child Health and Nutrition; the Office of Health Systems; Office of Population and Reproductive Health; and the Center for Innovation and Impact.
State of Maternal and Children's Health and Nutrition During Pandemic and Cal...KABAYAN Partylist
We are looking forward to sharing with you the highlights of the recent stakeholder consultation of KABAYAN Partylist and Development Academy of the Philippines on the State of Maternal and Children’s Health and Nutrition During the Pandemic held last December 03, 2020.
The presentations made during the event are summarized in the attached report entitled “Second Stakeholder Consultation on the State of Maternal & Children’s Health and Nutrition During Pandemic and Calamities” which brings together the reports, excerpts, and key findings given by Cong. Ron P. Salo, Cong. Stella Quimbo, Department of Health Usec. Rosario Vergeire, Philippine Center for Population and Development Former Executive Director Dr. Jondi Flavier, DAP Family Medicine Consultant Dr. Jewehl Salo, and representatives from the Department of Social Welfare and Development during the event.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles_Guide to DNPsPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that this guide uses the example of Bihar. POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
Malnutrition in India-Background and solutions proposedRohen Agrawal
Despite India's 50% increase in GDP since 1991, more than one third of the world's malnourished children live in India. Among these, half of them under 3 are underweight and a third of wealthiest children are over-nutriented. The World Bank estimates that India is one of the highest ranking countries in the world for the number of children suffering from malnutrition. The presentation proposes how this problem of malnourishment can be eliminated from India.
Scaling Up Nutrition:-How to solve the problem of malnutrition?Aakash Guglani
It is about the status of malnutrition in India and how can we solve this problem.
It has also been selected for Manthan A national level event presided by Shri Narendra Modi Ji.
Icds integerated child development schemeDRISHTI .
this power point presentation describes about the ICDS scheme launched by the government of India. have a look for details. it also gives the SWOT analysis of the scheme,
try these child nutrition books
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Surgical Site Infections, pathophysiology, and prevention.pptx
El-Fuego
1. Nourish to Flourish: An Initiative to
Reduce Malnutrition
TEAM DETAILS
El Fuego- Abhishek Sachan, Akshay Agarwal, Ashutosh Pandey,
Tapan Kumar, Sudhanshu Ranjan
2. 47 percent of India’s children below the age of three years are malnourished (underweight).3 The World Bank puts the
number – probably conservatively – at 60 million.4 This is out of a global estimated total of 146 million.
47 percent of Indian children under five are categorized as moderately or severely malnourished.5
South Asia has the highest rates – and by far the largest number – of malnourished children in the world.
The UN ranks India in the bottom quartile of countries by under-1 infant mortality (the 53rd highest), and under-5
child mortality (78 deaths per 1000 live births).6 According to the 2008 CIA fact book, 32 babies out of every 1,000
born alive die before their first birthday.
At least half of Indian infant deaths are related to malnutrition, often associated with infectious diseases.
Malnutrition impedes motor, sensory, cognitive and social development 8, so malnourished
children will be less likely to benefit from schooling, and will consequently have lower income as adults.
India has the largest nutrition programme in the world, yet India has the largest
nutrition programme in the world. Obviously, there is a great divide between the
resources available and those actually acquired, between existing laws and their
implementation, and between rights and the tangible services provided.
2
4. Inter-generational Cycle of Malnutrition and Ill Health
Malnourished
Mother
Low Birth
Weight
Stunted Child
Malnourished
Girl
No Colostrum/ Exclusive Breastfeeding for 6 Months
Inadequate Food and Health Care
Delayed, Inadequate Complementary Food
after 6 Months
Frequent Infections and
Prolonged diarrhoea
Poverty
Lack of awareness
Infections
Inadequate Food and Health care
Low BMI
Poor Diet
Gender Discrimination
Early marriage
and pregnancy
Inadequate Foetal Nutrition
Low Weight Gain
during Pregnancy
Gender Discrimination
Multiple Pregnancies
Inadequate Catch Up
and Growth
4
5. Snapshot of solution proposed
Instead of creating dependency ,the approach should be to provide skills so that communities become competent.
The mismatch between the intentions of the government programs,and its actual implementation should be overcome.
Public investment should be directed towards the most vulnerable population, lower casts and women.
The govt. should adopt a calorie based approach to fight malnutrition.
. Corruption should be checked and accountability should be fixed.
Government encouragement to small & marginal farmers to ensure local nutritional security.
Nutrimix, made of easily available, low- cost ingredients – wheat and pulses -- which can be made at home and is
by young. Consumed by young.
Include a separate national plan for nutrition in the National Economic and Social Development Plan.
ICDS and other such programs address some of the causes of malnutrition but not all of them. A separate national
plan will cover all the aspects of malnutrition.
Government encouragement to small farmers will boost their self sufficiency and lead to economic growth.
5
6. Positive Deviance Model
6
• The term “Positive Deviance” has been defined as “adaptive responses for satisfactory child growth under harsh
circumstances such as food scarcity, while negative deviance is described as the failure of children to grow
satisfactory even though good satisfactory even under good economic condition”.
• Based on positive deviance inquiry, villagers together with the program staff will identify the positive deviants
Families special and demonstrably successful current feeding ,caring and health-seeking practices which enable
them to “out perform "their neighbors whose children are malnourished but who share the same resource base.
• Based on the positive Deviance inquiry findings ,the villagers and the program staff plan a Hearth nutrition
Program featuring “Nutrition Education and Rehabilitation Sessions”(NERS)to address the problem of malnutrition
in their community today.
Goals
• To rehabilitate identified malnourished children in the community
• To enable their families to sustain the rehabilitation of the children at home of their own.
• To prevent malnutrition in future children born in the community.
7. Conceptual framework for designing our program
Identification of local resource
• Village Health Committee
• Health volunteer
• Formal and non formal health resources
Situational analysis of malnutrition in children
• Baseline nutrition survey
• Focus group discussions
• Setting-up program goals
Positive deviance enquiry
• Identification of successful feeding
• Caring and health seeking practices
8. Design of a NERS based PDI findings
• NERS menu and messages
• Positive deviance food contribution
• NERS protocol
• Integration with other existing programs
Positive Deviance Components
• Counseling caretakers
• GMP program
• NERS (Phase 1 only)
• Vital Events Monitoring
• Community management of NERS
9. Designing A Hearth Nutrition Program With PDI
Nutrition Education and Rehabilitation Sessions
NERS Participants
Identifying NERS Centers with the Help of Volunteers
Setting a NERS Schedule
Deciding on the NERS Daily Sessions Schedule
Creating NERS Menus Incorporating the PD Foods
Developing NERS Education Components
Developing Strategies to Promote Behavior Change
Other Hearth Nutrition Program Components
Growth Monitoring and Promotion
Vital Events
Community Management
Monitoring and Evaluation
Deworming
Vitamin A Distribution
Maternal and Child Health
Funds provided to food security bill which cover 67% of population runs in thousand’s of crore. Funds from this scheme can be
provided to this scheme which targets the most vulnerable section of our population.
10. IMPACTS
• A strong endorsement, involvement and participation
by the district health office in the Hearth Program can
significantly enhance its overall impact and potential
for "scaling up.“
• If a Maternal and Child Health/MCH component is
implemented as part of the Hearth Program, the district
health services can play a vital role in training public
health providers, TBAs and private providers in clean
delivery and post partum care, recognition of obstetric
"danger signs," referral guidelines, sterilization of
instruments, and so on.
• The active participation of district health personnel
during the pilot phase of a Hearth Program can be
invaluable at a later stage when "scaling-up" to other
communities in the district is desired. In Vietnam, for
example, the district provided trainers for Health
Volunteers in new pro-gram villages during the Hearth
expansion period.
CHALLENGES
• There are, however, certain problems and potential
pitfalls related to the participation of district health
personnel. In reality, very few of the countries in which
the Hearth Program has been imple-mented have
district health personnel with either the skill, will or
experience to work at the commu-nity level. With the
exception in a few countries of mobile EPI teams,
district level health personnel rarely if ever visit the
village.
• Another issue to consider is the inordinate power
vested in "higher-ups" in many developing coun-tries.
District health personnel may often be extremely
intimidating to local villagers and leaders
• Hence, it is important to decide within your local
context at what point district health participation will
be most useful and to strike a balance between the
potential benefits and risks inherent in that
involvement.
11. APPENDIX
References
Deolalikar, A. (2012, July 23). A national shame: Hunger and malnutrition in India. Ideas for India. Retrieved
from http://www.ideasforindia.in/article.aspx?article_id=8
UNICEF. (n.d.). Nutrition. Retrieved from http://www.unicef.org/india/children_2356.htm
Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. (2012). Children in India 2012 –A Statistical
Appraisal. Retrieved from http://mospi.nic.in/mospi_new/upload/Children_in_India_2012.pdf
Food and Agriculture Organization. (2012). Economic growth, hunger and malnutrition. Retrieved from
http://www.fao.org/docrep/016/i3027e/i3027e03.pdf
The World Bank. (2013). Helping India Combat Persistently High Rates of Malnutrition. Retrieved from
http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2013/05/13/helping-india-combat-persistently-high-rates-of-
malnutrition
UNICEF. (n.d.). Under-nutrition - a challenge for India. Retrieved from
http://www.unicef.org/india/nutrition_1556.html
The World Bank. (n.d.). Undernourished Children: A Call for Reform and Action. Retrieved from
http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/0,,contentMDK:20916955~page
PK:146736~piPK:146830~theSitePK:223547,00.html
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