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- 1. Nourish to Flourish: Reducing Malnutrition For eachchild that goes to bed hungry, For each child who is deprived of a healthy life, For an equal opportunity of brighter future for all the children, Let us all pledge, To eradicate Malnutrition. By putting food aside once in a while for the hungry stomachs, By not wasting food and giving away the extra to these innocent souls, By not tolerating discrimination By lending a helping hand ever so often, By promising ourselves to do our bit for the future of our country. Submitted By- Aditi Amogh Sharma Juhi Shristi Sinha Shubhangi Malvika
- 2. MALNUTRITION: A Social Contagion •Malnutrition is a major challenged faced in the scientifically ever growing world today. • With billions added to the population each year and insufficiency of basic needs leads to lack of healthy life ... for millions. • Nutrition deficiency leads to stunted growth, impedes neurodevelopment and learning, and ultimately the ability to work and earn a living. • Statistics reveal : India houses 23 crore hungry people. 33 % of the world’s malnourished children reside in India. About 50 % childhood deaths are primarily due to malnourishment. Under the age of 5, 48 % of the children have stunted growth and 43 % are overweight. 75 % of adolescent pregnant women in the country puts on weight of only 5kg which is half of the world wide average of 10kg. Malnutrition costs Indian economy about 2.95% of GDP annually.
- 3. Malicious Malnutrition Malnutrition claimsthousands of children each year or leaves its scar in the form of permanent physical and mental impairments. A salient emergency, malnutrition needs a lot of attention and drastic steps to conquer it. With the country being the highest producer of food grains, it is a highly flagrant to have double the malnutrition cases than the Sub- Saharan Africa. • ISHI 2008 scores for Indian states range from 13.6 (“serious”) for Punjab to 30.9 (“extremely alarming”) for Madhya Pradesh, indicating substantial variability among states in India. Punjab is ranked 34th when compared to the GHI 2008 worldwide country ranking, while Madhya Pradesh is ranked 82nd. In this state more people suffer from hunger than in Ethiopia or Sudan. 60 percent of the children are undernourished. • All 17 states have ISHI scores that are well above the “low” and “moderate” hunger categories. Twelve of the 17 states fall into the “alarming” category, and one into the “extremely alarming” category. • ISHI scores are closely aligned with poverty, but there is little association with state level economic growth. High levels of hunger are seen in states that are performing well from an economic perspective. • Inclusive economic growth and targeted strategies to ensure food sufficiency reduce child mortality and improve child nutrition are urgent priorities for all states in India.
- 4. Combating Malnutrition Government OfIndia has undertaken various Acts to ameliorate the prevalent problems of malnutrition- • Midday Meal Scheme in Indian Schools (MDM) • Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) • National Children’s Fund (NCF) • National Plan of Action for Children • United Nations Children’s Fund • National Health Mission • Janani Suraksha Yojana • Food Security Ordinance
- 5. Midday Meal Schemein Indian Schools About • Started in 1953 in Uttar Pradesh • A brilliant scheme, provides meal, rich in nutrients, of one time to children of age 6-14 years. Issues Faced •Irregularity in serving meals. •Irregularity in supply of food grains to school •Caste based discrimination in serving of food. •Poor quality of food •Poor hygiene •Poor coverage under Health Programme and poor infrastructure. Reforms •The requirement of the meals should be met on time and it must be taken care of that the children are provided with enough nutrients. •Discrimination of any kind must not be tolerated and children should be treated care.
- 6. Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) About •Started in 1975, it is a Government Of India sponsored programme. • Tackles malnutrition and health problems of children below the age of 6 years and their mothers as well as pregnant women. • The gender promotion of the girl child by trying to bring her at par with the male child is a key component of the scheme. Shortcomings •Inability to target the girl child improvements. •Participation of wealthier children more than the poorer children. •Lowest level of funding for the poorest and the most undernourished states of India. Reforms •Girl child could be given extra privilege. •The economic condition of the children should be taken into account while facilitating them. •More funds must be allocated to states with more cases of malnutrition.
- 7. National Children’s Fund(NCF) • NCF was created during the International Year of the Child in 1979 under the Charitable Endowment Fund Act, 1890. • This Fund Provides support to the voluntary organisations that help the welfare of kids. National Plan of Action for Children • The Department of Women & Child Development has formulated a National Plan of Action on Children to implement the 27 survival and development goals laid down by the World Summit on children 1990. • 15 State Governments have prepared State Plan of Action on the lines of National Plan of Action specifying targets for 1995 as well as for 2000 and spelling out strategies for holistic child development. The rest of the states must also participate in this plan.
- 8. United Nations Children’sFund (UNICEF) • India is associated with UNICEF since 1949 and is now in the fifth decade of cooperation for assisting most disadvantaged children and their mothers. • UNICEF has been supporting India in a number of sectors like child development, women's development, urban basic services, support for community based convergent services, health, education, nutrition, water & sanitation, childhood disability, children in especially difficult circumstances, information and communication, planning and programme support. • Awaaz Do is an initiative taken by UNICEF to mobilize Indian society to speak up for the more than eight million children currently out of school in the country. The idea behind the campaign is to help more than eight million children in the country, who are currently out of school, and to provide them formal education. Launched in 2010, the campaign has received support from citizens through online social campaign with more than 250 thousand registrations on the official website and from government and corporate organizations with several corporate and media houses partnering with UNICEF for the cause.
- 9. National Rural HealthMission (NHRM) • The National Rural Health Mission was created for the years 2005–2012, and its goal is to "improve the availability of and access to quality health care by people, especially for those residing in rural areas, the poor, women, and children.“ • The scheme proposes a number of new mechanism for healthcare delivery including training local residents as Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA), and the Janani Surakshay Yojana (motherhood protection program). It also aims at improving hygiene and sanitation infrastructure. • The subset of goals under this mission are: Reduce infant mortality rate (IMR) and maternal mortality ratio (MMR) Provide universal access to public health services Prevent and control both communicable and non-communicable diseases, including locally endemic diseases Provide access to integrated comprehensive primary healthcare Create population stabilisation, as well as gender and demographic balance Revitalize local health traditions and mainstream AYUSH Finally, to promote healthy life styles.
- 10. Food Security Ordinance(2013) • The National Food Security Ordinance aims to give right to subsidised food grain to 67 percent of India's 1.2 billion people, and will ensure food and nutritional security. • The salient points of the ordinance are: Up to 75 percent of the rural population and up to 50 percent of the urban population will have uniform entitlement of five kg food grain per month, at highly subsidised prices of Rs.3, Rs.2, Re.1 per kg for rice, wheat and coarse grains, respectively. The poorest of poor households would continue to receive 35 kg food grain per household per month under the Antyodaya Anna Yojana at subsidised prices of Rs.3, Rs.2 and Re.1. State-wise coverage will be determined by the central government. There is a special focus on nutritional support to women and children. Pregnant women and lactating mothers, besides being entitled to nutritious meals as per the prescribed nutritional norms, will also receive maternity benefit of at least Rs.6,000 for six months. Children in the age group of six months to 14 years will be entitled to take home ration or hot cooked food, as per prescribed nutritional norms. In case of non-supply of food grain or meals to entitled persons, the concerned state/UT governments will be required to provide such food security allowance to the beneficiaries as may be prescribed by the central government. The central government will provide assistance to the states towards cost of intra-state transportation, handling of food grain and fair price shop (FPS) dealers' margin, for which norms will be developed. The eldest woman in the household, of 18 years of age or above, will be the head of the household for the issue of the ration card. If the eldest woman is not available, the eldest male member is to be the head of the household. The central government will provide funds to states/UTs, in case of short supply of food grain from central pool.
- 11. Other Reforms • Educationof Women: A woman is the one who has the major influence over a child. Thus a household with an educated woman will ensure the proper growth and development of children. Also people must be acknowledged with the benefits of having healthy and educated women in the households. • Eradicating Discrimination: Discrimination on any basis, be it gender-based, caste- based or religion-based must not be encouraged in any manner. Girl child in India especially need special attention and their heath must not be ignored neither their rights for a better future be over-ruled in any manner. • NGOs and Government Schemes: The various steps taken by the Government should be encouraged and citizens if possible should themselves be a part of these schemes or NGOs. • Public Distribution System: The PDS should be made more efficient so that the food grains reach the poor people in time rather then being wasted in storages. Strict anti-corruption rules must be implemented to check the officials. • Small Acts of Wonder: We all who have enough must not only not waste food but once in a while offer a little amount of help, in any possible kind. A little help from everyone can ensure a faster eradication of malnutrition and help lead these children a healthier life.