We all know that Snakebite is one of the common news around us. How to manage when the snakebite and it's further treatment

1. SNAKEBITE ENVENOMATION: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MANAGEMENT & TREATMENT
*Ameena kadar K.A, Aneeza V.A , Divya V, Baskar L
GRACE COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, PALAKKAD, 678004.
INTRODUCTION DISEASE WORSEN
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
.
ABSTRACT
Medical
The purpose of this review is to
address some of the information
about pathophysiology, treatment
and management of snakebite
envenomation. Envenomation after
snakebite is an underestimated and
neglected public health issue
responsible for substantial illness
and death as well as socioeconomic
hardship to impoverished
populations living in rural and
tropical Africa, Asia, Oceania, and
Latin America. In developed
nations, snake bite typically occurs
during recreational activities,
whereas in developing countries it
is an occupational disease more
likely to affect young agricultural
workers, predominantly men.
Scarcity and delay of administration
of antivenom, poor health services,
and difficulties with transportation
from rural areas to health centers
are major factors that contribute to
the high case-fatality ratio of
snakebite envenomation. There are
around 3500 snakes species in the world
and out of which 600 venomous. There are
270 plus species of snakes in India, in that
60 are highly venomous.
Teach communities to prevent snakebites
and to make right treatment choices,
make antivenoms
safe, effective, affordably accessible to
all , these are the solutions existing in
order to mould a healthy nation.
India is a country known to the
western population as a country of
snake charmers and snake over
centuries. Despite generation after
generations some families in our
country who play with snakes (snake
charmers), we fail to protect the
community from snake bite which
requires at least education of the
common people, how to protect
themselves from snake bite as well as
what to do after the bite has occurred.
The estimated death in India is 50,000/
year, an underestimate because of lack
of proper registration of snakebite.
The real number of death in our
country probably much higher.
REFERENCES
1. Gudilines For the Clinical Management Of Snake Bites In South-
East Asia Region Written and edited by David A Warrell published
by WHO, 2005.
2. J Srimannaryan, TK Dutta, A Sahai, S Badrinath. Rational Use of
Anti-Snake Venom(ASV): Trial of Various Regimens in Hemotoxic
snake Envenomation, JAPI 2004; 52:788- 792.
Snake venom consists of toxic saliva secreted
by modified parotid salivary gland of venomous
snake. Venom appears as clear and amber
coloured.
ef
MECHANISM OF ACTION (SNAKE VENOM)
FIRST AID MEASURES
HOSPITAL MEASURES
Anti Snake Venom (ASV)
In India polyvalent ASV is only available, It is
effective against all the four common species;
Russells viper (Daboia russelii), Common Cobra
(raja naja), Common Krait (Bungarus caeruleus)
and Saw Scaled viper (Echis carinatus).
TREATMENT
CONCLUSION
 Snakes do not generally attack human unless provoked. However,
once bitten, a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations may result.
 Delayed medical management & lack of public awareness results in
prolonged hospital and ICU stay of the patients.
 This can be decreased if regular public programmes regarding
prevention, prehospital management(First aid), and the importance of
early transfer to hospital are conducted.
 Identification of the species of snake responsible for the bite is
important for optimal clinical management.
 Antivenom is the only effective antidote for snake venom. Aware
about the appropriate first aid for snakebite.
 Conserve the endangered species of snakes, they also has the right
to live.
 NEED NOT KILL, BE AWARE, BE SAFE.
SNAKES
 Also known as “Serpents”, limbless
creatures with elongated bodies, covered
with scales.
 Of more than 3000 known species of snakes,
only about 300 are venomous and in India
there are about 216 identifiable species of
snakes, of which 52 are known to be
poisonous.
 The major families of poisonous snakes in
India are Elapid which includes common
cobra (Naja naja), king cobra and common
krait (Bungarus caerulus, Banded krait, Sind
krait), viperidae (Russell’s viper), Echis
carinatus (sawscaled or carpet viper), and pit
viper and hydrophiidae (sea snakes).
Recently, venomous viper called hope nosed
viper is reported from Cochin region.
SNAKEBITE MANAGEMENT