Smooth muscle structure, Smooth muscle potential ,Excitation contraction coupling in smooth muscle,Contraction of smooth muscle, Properties of smooth muscle ,Cardiac muscle,Differences between skeletal, smooth , cardiac muscle

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Smooth muscle structure, Smooth muscle potential Excitation contraction coupling in smooth muscle Contraction of smooth muscle, Properties of smooth muscle Cardiac muscle Differences between skeletal, smooth, cardiac muscle

Health & Medicine

This document describes the muscles of the scapular region including the deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis, and teres major. It discusses the origin, insertion, nerve supply and action of each muscle. It also describes the rotator cuff muscles that form a musculotendinous cuff around the shoulder joint, providing stability. The document outlines the quadrangular space and upper and lower triangular spaces in the scapular region and their clinical relevance. It concludes with a discussion of important anastomoses of arteries around the scapula.

Excitation Contraction Coupling

Akshay Gill

This document discusses excitation-contraction coupling (EC coupling) in skeletal muscle. It begins by defining EC coupling as the process by which an action potential triggers muscle contraction through calcium ion release. It then describes how the action potential spreads through the T-tubule system and activates the dihydropyridine and ryanodine receptors, causing calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This triggers the contraction sequence and binding of calcium to troponin. Relaxation occurs via reuptake of calcium into the sarcoplasmic reticulum by SERCA pumps. Differences in smooth and cardiac muscle EC coupling are also summarized.

Sarcomere a-contractile_unit (1)

Radhika Chintamani

Anatomy Unit 4 Notes: The Sliding Filament Theory

rozeka01

The document describes the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction in 7 steps: 1. A message is sent from the nervous system via a neurotransmitter like acetylcholine, which binds to sodium-potassium channels and causes depolarization of the muscle fiber. 2. Depolarization triggers the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Calcium then binds to troponin, exposing the binding sites on actin filaments. 3. Myosin heads bind to the exposed actin binding sites and use ATP for energy to pull the actin filaments towards the center of the sarcomere, causing muscle contraction. 4. As calcium is reabsorbed by the sarcoplas

The anatomy of pectoral region

Shaifaly madan rustagi

The document summarizes the anatomy of the pectoral region. It describes the origin, insertion, innervation and actions of the pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, and clavipectoral fascia muscles. It also details the structure, extent, relations, and lymphatic drainage of the mammary gland. The arterial supply, venous drainage and nerve supply of the breast are outlined. Applied aspects such as mammography and treatment for breast cancer and abscess are briefly discussed.

Skeletal muscle properties

Dr Sara Sadiq

Skeletal muscle makes up 40-50% of total body weight and is attached by tendons to bones. Skeletal muscle cells are multinucleated and striated, have visible banding patterns, and are voluntary muscles under conscious control. Skeletal muscles produce force for locomotion and postural support. Microscopically, skeletal muscle contains myofibrils with thick and thin filaments that slide during muscle contraction and relaxation. Skeletal muscle contraction occurs through summation of motor unit contractions and tetanization at higher stimulation frequencies.

SARCOTUBULAR SYSTEM

Dr Nilesh Kate

This document discusses the structure and function of skeletal muscle. It describes the classification of muscles, the structure of muscle fibers including myofibrils and sarcomeres, and the molecular components actin and myosin that enable contraction. It explains that calcium triggers the interaction of actin and myosin heads, leading to muscle shortening. Energy for contraction comes initially from ATP and phosphocreatine, then from glycogen and oxidative metabolism. The document also distinguishes between isotonic contraction, where muscle length changes, and isometric contraction, where tension but not length changes.

The document outlines muscle physiology, discussing the three main types of muscle tissue - skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. It focuses on skeletal muscle, describing its general functions including movement, protection, and posture maintenance. The functional anatomy of skeletal muscle is explained down to the sarcomere level. The physiology of skeletal muscle contraction is summarized in three steps: 1) events at the neuromuscular junction, 2) the excitation-contraction coupling process, and 3) the contraction-relaxation cycle at the sarcomere level.

Musculocutaneous nerve & axillary nerve.output

Idris Siddiqui

The axillary nerve emerges from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus and passes through the quadrangular space in the axilla. It has both motor and sensory functions. The anterior terminal branch innervates the deltoid muscle, while the posterior terminal branch supplies the teres minor muscle and gives off the upper lateral cutaneous nerve, which provides sensation to the skin over the lower deltoid. Damage to the axillary nerve results in paralysis of the deltoid and teres minor muscles and loss of sensation in the regimental badge area.

Skin and fascia

Aqsa Mushtaq

PHYSIOLOGY OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION

ANAND SAGAR TIWARI

Muscle physiology

Anu Priya

This document provides an introduction to skeletal muscle structure and function. It discusses the following key points in 3 sentences or less: Skeletal muscle forms about 50% of body weight, is voluntary and striated, and its main functions are tension development and shortening under nervous system control. Skeletal muscle is composed of bundles of muscle fibers which contain myofibrils made up of repeating structural units called sarcomeres, the basic contractile units of muscle. Each sarcomere contains thin actin filaments and thick myosin filaments arranged in a repeating pattern that gives skeletal muscle its striated appearance visible under electron microscopy.

General Physiology - Skeletal muscles

Hamzeh AlBattikhi

1. Skeletal muscle contraction occurs via the sliding filament theory, where actin filaments slide inward towards the center of the sarcomere, driven by cross-bridge cycling of the myosin heads. 2. Muscle fibers are innervated by motor neurons at the neuromuscular junction, and each motor neuron innervates multiple muscle fibers to form a motor unit. 3. Fine control of muscle movement is achieved through graded recruitment of motor units from small to large as more force is required. Larger motor units with more fibers provide more force but less fine-tuned control.

Slideshow: Scapula

The Funky Professor

3.descending tracts kjg

physiology mgmcri

This document summarizes the descending motor tracts that carry signals from the brain to the spinal cord. It describes the pyramidal tract (corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts) and extrapyramidal tracts. The pyramidal tract controls voluntary movements and fine motor skills while the extrapyramidal tracts regulate posture, balance, and coarse limb movements through tracts like the rubrospinal, vestibulospinal, and reticulospinal. Lesions in different parts of the pyramidal tract cause varying types of paralysis depending on location.

Molecular basis of Skeletal Muscle Contraction

ArulSood2

Anatomy of pectoral region

Dr. Mohammad Mahmoud

Muscle physiology

Numan Ijaz

- Muscle is divided into three types: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth. Skeletal muscle contractions are stimulated by nerves while cardiac and smooth muscles can contract independently. - Skeletal muscle fibers are long, cylindrical, and multinucleated. They contain bundled myofibrils which are made of repeating sarcomere units. Sarcomeres contain thin actin and thick myosin filaments that slide past each other during contraction. - Contraction is initiated by an action potential which causes calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Calcium binds to troponin and tropomyosin, exposing actin binding sites for myosin heads to attach via ATP hydrolysis, causing sarcomere shortening and

Muscle

Nepalese army institute of health sciences

1) The document discusses skeletal muscle anatomy and physiology, describing the different types of skeletal muscle fibers and their classifications based on architecture and function. 2) It also covers motor units, nerve supply, and applied concepts like muscle paralysis, spasm, atrophy, hypertrophy, and regeneration. 3) Key points include the structures of skeletal muscle like tendons and fascicles, fiber types, and how muscles are classified based on their prime mover, antagonist, fixator, or synergist actions.

Superficial & deep fascia

Yapa

The document summarizes the anatomy and characteristics of fascia. It describes the superficial fascia as a layer of loose connective tissue that connects the skin to underlying structures, with variable thickness, fat content, and presence of flat sheets of muscle in some regions. The quantity of subcutaneous fat differs between sexes and climates. The superficial fascia is most distinct on the lower abdominal wall, differentiating into two layers. It is also well differentiated in the limbs, perineum, and thin in other areas. Deep fascia forms a membrane wrapping the limbs and body wall with varying thickness and absence in some areas. It is firmly anchored to underlying bone and surrounds neurovascular structures in the neck.

Muscle physiology

Gladys Kalpana

This document discusses the three types of muscle tissue: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. It provides details on their characteristics, such as whether they are striated or not, voluntary or involuntary, and their locations and functions in the body. Skeletal muscle is voluntary, attached to bones, and enables movement. Cardiac muscle is involuntary and makes up the heart wall. Smooth muscle is involuntary and located in organs like the stomach.

Phenomenon of fatigue by Pandian M

Physiology Dept

2 popliteal fossa

Poonam Singh

The popliteal fossa is a diamond shaped space behind the knee with several important structures passing through it. It is bounded above and medially by the semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscles, above and laterally by the biceps femoris muscle, below and medially by the medial head of the gastrocnemius, and below and laterally by the lateral head of the gastrocnemius with the plantaris. The popliteal vessels and tibial nerve pass through the fossa, along with lymph nodes, fat, and branches of surrounding nerves. The roof of the fossa contains skin, fascia, and vessels like the short saphenous vein, while the floor is

The wrist joint

Idris Siddiqui

The wrist joint, also known as the radiocarpal joint, is a complex synovial joint that involves the distal end of the radius, articular disc, and three carpal bones. It allows for flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction movements and is supplied by branches of the median, radial, and ulnar nerves. Common injuries to the wrist joint include fractures of the scaphoid bone and Colles' fracture of the radius.

Degeneration & regeneration of nerve fiber.ppt by Dr. PANDIAN M.

Pandian M

This document discusses the degeneration and regeneration of nerve fibers following injury. It describes the various types of nerve injuries classified based on severity from first to fifth degree. When an axon is injured, degenerative changes occur in the distal segment, proximal segment, and nerve cell body. The distal segment undergoes Wallerian degeneration where the axon breaks down. Regeneration is possible if the nerve cell body and nucleus remain intact and the cut ends are within 3mm and aligned. Peripheral nerves can regenerate guided by Schwann cells, while regeneration is more limited in the central nervous system.

Neuromuscular junction and Neuromuscular transmission

Deekshya Devkota

The document summarizes the structure and function of the neuromuscular junction. It describes the key components of the presynaptic axon terminal, synaptic cleft, and postsynaptic membrane. It then explains the series of events that occur during neuromuscular transmission, including the propagation of the action potential, release of acetylcholine, binding to nicotinic receptors, and generation of the endplate potential. It concludes by discussing acetylcholine degradation and reuptake, neuromuscular blockers and stimulators, and the pathology of myasthenia gravis.

Properties of skeletal muscle

Anu Priya

Skeletal muscle has electrical and mechanical properties. Electrically, it is excitable and conductive, allowing it to receive and propagate action potentials. Mechanically, it can contract when stimulated, shortenening and developing tension. Skeletal muscle action potentials last 2-4 ms and propagate at 3-5 m/s. Contraction occurs slightly after the electrical response and can be isometric (no shortening) or isotonic (shortening against a load). Force of contraction depends on factors like stimulus strength, frequency, initial muscle length, and temperature.

Lecture 10/2023 Respiratory Physiology : transport of oxygen II.pdf

Smooth muscle structure, Smooth muscle potential ,Excitation contraction coupling in smooth muscle,Contraction of smooth muscle, Properties of smooth muscle ,Cardiac muscle,Differences between skeletal, smooth , cardiac muscle

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