This document discusses smoking prevention and cessation. It notes that smoking greatly increases cancer risks and is a leading cause of cancer deaths. Nearly 4,000 children begin smoking daily in the US. Smoking is linked to numerous health conditions like heart disease and COPD. Quitting smoking promotes health by improving tolerance and reducing wrinkles. Prevention should begin in childhood and adolescence. Cessation requires an individualized multidimensional program using information, behavior modification, medications, support groups and follow up to help people quit smoking.

1. Smoking Prevention and Cessation
Berndel Magamay, BSN, RN

2. National Cancer Institute
• A smoker's risk of cancer is 2-10
times greater than a nonsmoker's
risk, depending on how much a
person has smoked
• Lung cancer is the leading cause of
cancer deaths for both men and
women.

3. American Lung Association
• Nearly 4,000 children under the age
of 18 begin smoking each day in the
United States
• Nearly 1,100 of these will become
regular smokers

4. Smoking is a risk factor for:
• Hypertension
• Heart disease
• Peripheral vascular disease
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD)
• Cancer of the:
– lung, colon, larynx, oral cavity,
esophagus, bladder, pancreas, kidney.

5. • Smoking worsens such conditions as
– Respiratory infections
– Peptic ulcers
– Hiatal hernia
– Gastroesophageal reflux

6. Not Smoking
• Promotes health by:
– Increasing exercise tolerance
– Enhancing taste bud function
– Avoiding facial wrinkles
– Avoiding bad breath

7. Smoking Prevention Education
• Should begin during childhood
• Should be stressed during
adolescence (a time when peer
modeling and confusion over self-
image may lead to smoking)

8. • Smoking cessation can be
accomplished through an
individualized, multidimensional
program.

9. Smoking Cessation
• Information on the short- and long-
term health effects of smoking

10. Smoking Cessation
• Practical behavior-modification
techniques to help break the habit

11. Providing Oral Stimulation
– Gum chewing
– Snacking on carrot and celery
sticks
– Sucking on mints and hard candy

12. Providing Tactile Stimulation
– Working modeling clay
– Knitting

13. – Avoiding coffee shops, bars, or
other situations that smokers
frequent
– Delaying each cigarette and
recording each cigarette in a log
before it is smoked

14. Incentive Plans
• Saving money for each cigarette
not smoked
• Rewarding oneself when a goal
is reached

15. Smoking Cessation
• Use of medications designed to reduce
physical dependence and minimize
withdrawal symptoms
– Nicotine chewing gum
– Nasal spray
– Inhaler system
– Transdermal patches

16. Smoking Cessation
– Oral medication (bupropion)
• Acts on neurotransmitters in the central
nervous system, and varenicline, a
selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
partial agonist

17. Smoking Cessation
• Use of support groups
• Frequent reinforcement
• Follow-up
• Encourage additional attempts if relapse
occurs

18. References:
• National Cancer Institute. (2007). Prevention and cessation of
cigarette smoking: Control of tobacco use. U.S. National
Institutes of Health.
• Available:
www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/prevention/control-of-
tobacco-use/patient/allpages
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
(2005). Results from the 2004 National Survey on Drug Use
and Health: (Office of Applied Studies, NSDUH Series H-27,
DHHS Publication No. SMA 05-4061).
• Available:
http://oas.samhsa.gov/NSDUH/2k4nsduh/2k4Results/2k4Resul
ts/pdf