Eastern Ontario Crop Conference 2016

1. NEW INFORMATION,
GENETICS AND STRATEGIES
TO CONTROL
HERBICIDE RESISTANCE
Peter Smith
University of Guelph

2. Herbicide Resistance
• Its seemingly on everyone’s radar now
…no panic though
• CWSS (Edmonton Nov 2015)
• WSSA (San Juan Feb 2016)
www.weedsummit.ca

3. suspect screening
24 hrs
Unique worldwide
*

4. WorldwiDE

5. GlyphosaTE
34 currently known spp.

6. CanadA

7. Ontario
Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) aka Mare’s tail or Canada fleabane

8. COMMON RAGWEED
• Summer annual
• Competitive
• Male vs female parts leads to pollen shed and
huge genetic diversity
• Large and heavy seed
• Dormant seed

9. Canada fleabane
• Winter annual or summer annual
• Competitive
• Self pollinating: limited genetic
diversity within a population
• Light seed with pappus (parachute) therefore
highly mobile
• Limited seed dormancy

10. Resistant fleabane
Glyphosate Resistant
Multiple Resistant
Image compliments of Chris Budd
Independent points of selection: Eric Page

11. HERBICIDES WORK

12. BIOTECH MAKES IT ‘EASIER’

13. Bromoxynil
Tolerant
Canola
POAST
Protected
Corn
mid 1990 ‘s

14. Bromoxynil
Tolerant
Canola
POAST
Protected
Corn
mid 1990 ‘s

15. Most widely
used
herbicide
EVER
Broad
spectrum
Systemic Low cost
Efficacious
Advantages of glyphosate

16. ‘Bad’ things do happen

17. So what’s ‘bad’ in 2016?

18. Getting the word out

19. Nufarm
World’s largest manufacturer of 2,4-D
New active ingredients in
development with
excellent fleabane control
New tank mix combinations
Corn, soybeans, cereals

20. valent
Flumioxazin heavy use preemergence
in USA soys for:
waterhemp and palmer amaranth
Group 2 and 5 biotypes of lamb’s-quarters and pigweed
Fierce (flumioxazin plus pyroxasulfone)
Corn, soybeans, cereals

21. Syngenta / bayer
MGI
Mesotrione Glufosinate Isoxaflutole
Seed traits in soybeans

22. FMC
New active ingredients in development
New tank mix combinations
Burndown and residual in corn, soybeans, cereals

23. Bayer cropscience
Liberty Link corn, soybeans and canola
Broad spectrum
Non systemic
Non residual
Balance GT Beans
Tolerant to ‘Converge’ herbicide and glyphosate
Broad sectrum
Residual
PRE applications
2017 or 2018 launch

24. Bayer cropscience
Leading edge in safener technology
Developing safened dicamba
Allows greater crop safety with soys and corn
Application window extended from 5 lf to 8 leaf corn
Problem weeds too… VICCR, MEDLU, ERICA etc.

25. basf
STEWARDSHIP driven
Banvel owners
Grow the best crops possible
Alternative methods of
weed control
Be mindful of weed spectrum
Multiple modes of effective
action (MMOEA)
MMOEA in a single year are far better at delaying
resistance than herbicide rotation
* University of Illinois

26. dupont
Sulfonylurea Tolerant Soybeans
BOLT herbicide in USA
More tolerance, better weed control
Way out there… 2020?

27. • Resistance to 2,4-D in corn and soybeans, 2017?
Banvel2,4-D MCPA EstapropDistinct
Assure Excel Poast
• Resistance to the ‘fops’ but not the ‘dims’
Stacked with glyphosate
Volunteer corn control
Dow agrosciences

28. So what’s available now?
New for the 2016 growing season…

29. monsanto
• Registered Feb 3, 2016
• Gene from a bacteria causing ONLY
dicamba tolerance in DT soybeans
Banvel 2,4-D MCPA LontrelDistinct

30. The dicamba molecule…
Banvel II, Distinct, Hawkeye Power, XtendiMax
Strengths:
Excellent control on most broadleaf weeds including:
GR Canada fleabane (emerged)
GR ragweeds – common and giant (emerged)
GR waterhemp (PRE and POST)
Pre and POST emergence applications
Limited resistance worldwide
Minimal grass activity though

31. The dicamba molecule…
Dicamba alone will control some weeds that are
naturally tolerant to glyphosate!
Hmmmm…

32. Problem weeds…
Black medick
Related to alfalfa
Summer annual
Low growing

33. Problem weeds…
Wild buckwheat
Summer annual
Low growing

34. Problem weeds…
Tufted vetch
Perennial
Vine like

35. Problem weeds…
Perennial
Sowthistle
Late emerging

36. Problem weeds…
Canada thistle
Perennial
Late emerging

37. Problem weeds…
Waterhemp
Pigweed species
Summer annual
Male or female plants
Limited presence in ON

38. Some data then…

39. 0 20 40 60 80 100
glyphosate
gly + dicamba 300
gly + dicamba 600
Control (%) 4 WAA
Preplant Postemergence Preplant fb POST
Xtend vs GR ragweed
Sikemma

40. GR Giant ragweed
weedy check glyphosate (1X)
glyphosate + dicamba Joe Vink

41. ab
abc
cde
abc
bcd
f
0 20 40 60 80 100
glyph + dicamba (600); glyph + dicamba
(300)
glyph + dicamba (300); glyph + dicamba
(300)
glyphosate; glyph + dicamba (300)
glyph + dicamba (600); glyphosate
glyph + dicamba (300); glyphosate
glyphosate; glyphosate
Treatment
% control 56 DAA
n=2
Xtend vs GR fleabane

42. Particle drift vs vapour drift
Droplet size
(tactile variables)
Wind @ spray
New Formulations
Heat even 1-2 DAT
so what of drift?
Novel crops and herbicides will help out some

43. Sprayer cleanout
Photo source Monsanto demo plots: Chatham, Ontario
• Even trace amounts
have big impacts
• These are rinses with
water, sprayed over
conventional soybeans

44. • Soybeans? No problem
• Volunteer Enlist corn is resistant to ‘FOP’ herbicides
…need ‘DIM’ herbicide for control
• Antagonism issues for corn control
And volunteers?

45. Will New HR Crops Succumb to Resistance?

46. They say there
won’t be
glyphosate
resistance,
Doc…
Hindsight
Marty…
back in 1990

47. Dicamba, 2,4-D suite, MCPA, 2,4-DB etc
(30 species worldwide as of 2016)
• Wild carrot (Ontario) 1957
• Wild mustard (Manitoba) 1990
• Common hempnettle (Alberta) 1998
• False cleavers (Alberta) 1998
auxinic resistance exists

48. • Xtend soybeans are now available
• More options are coming
• Need to use very sensibly
In summary…

49. François Tardif
Allan Kaastra
Jamshid Ashigh
Joe Vink
Julie Schipper
James Ferrier
Chris Budd
Rob Miller
Mike Cowbrough
thanks