Possible management strategies for Fall Armyworm, a threat to African maize farmers
•
9 likes•3,678 views
Johnnie Van den Berg (North-West University, South Africa) 30 - 31 August 2018. Gent-Zwijnaarde, Belgium. IPBO conference 2018: “Scientific innovation for a sustainable development of African agriculture”
Recommended
Recommended
More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (20)
Similar to Possible management strategies for Fall Armyworm, a threat to African maize farmers
Similar to Possible management strategies for Fall Armyworm, a threat to African maize farmers (20)
More from Francois Stepman
More from Francois Stepman (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
Possible management strategies for Fall Armyworm, a threat to African maize farmers
- 2. Every now and then something happens ….. Natasha Gilbert. Nature 483, 525–527. 2012. doi:10.1038/483525a Maize fields in Malawi
- 4. Rapid spread
- 5. FAW damage to maize leaves http://www.farmersreviewafrica.com
- 6. BBC News Navigation Fall armyworm 'threatens African farmers' livelihoods' By Helen Briggs BBC News 6 Feb 2107 https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-38859851
- 9. By Digital team | 18 January 2017 South African systems set up for pest invasions
- 12. http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/2456-2456-ekxxsk/index.html Rwanda faces hunger over fall armyworm invasion SATURDAY APRIL 22 2017
- 13. ECONOMY Maize production costs up on armyworm invasions THURSDAY, MAY 25, 2017 20:31
- 14. Zambia deploys the air force Zambia is using its air force against the pests. https://edition.cnn.com/2017/01/24/africa/armyworm-invasion-africa/index.html
- 15. It’s raining Fall Armyworms in Karnataka Read more at: http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/65433588.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium= text&utm_campaign=cppst
- 16. REUTERS/MUKESH GUPTA Save the corn! WATCH OUT A deadly moth has reached India and could destroy its corn farms overnightBy M SreelataAugust 22, 2018
- 17. THE WEEKDAY NEWSLETTER Sign-up to our daily email newsletter SUBSCRIBE •Try 6 FREE issues of The Week magazine Is deadly armyworm coming to Britain? May 8, 2018 Scientists warn of plague of crop-eating caterpillars heading towards Europe
- 18. Telegraph News Fall Army Worm: On the march to Britain, the deadly pest that devastated swathes of Africa Telegraph.co.uk 07 May 2018
- 20. Estimated damage / losses caused by Fall armyworm in Africa • $13 billion • $6.2 billion per year • losses in 12 key African countries: 8.3 to 20.6 million metric tons of maize annually (CABI) • threat to food supply of a 100 million people in those 12 countries alone (CABI)
- 21. Geographical distribution of Fall armyworm
- 23. EI = Potential suitability for persistence GI = Suitability for population growth Tropical species Climate variability
- 24. Sorghum Sweet corn Grasses & other hosts FAW Biology • Highly polyphagous (80 crop species; 350 plant species) • Prefers Poaceae plant species
- 25. FAW larval damage during vegetative stage
- 26. FAW larval damage during reproductive stage
- 27. Damaged maize ears Starburst symptoms (Fusarium verticillioides) Mycotoxins
- 29. To suppress pest populations and maintain them at levels below those causing economic injury. Integrate all available methods. Aim of IPM:
- 30. Management strategies for Fall armyworm
- 31. Short term • Pesticides • Botanical products • Physical control measures Medium term strategies • Host plant resistance • Bt maize • Early-warning systems Management strategies Long term solutions • Biological control • Resistant varieties • Habitat management
- 32. FAW life-cycle (pertinent to management) Adult stage Larval stages 100 – 200 eggs / batch Pupal stage
- 33. • biological control • conservation biocontrol • early warning • habitat management • biological control • conservation biocontrol • chemical control • biological control
- 34. . . Photo credit: Margaret Mulaa, CABI. Pheromone traps – moths Monitoring for larvae as soon as moths are trapped Community-based early warning Landscape level
- 35. Ecological research, climate and early warning
- 36. Agrieducate.com.au. (Lugunbill, 1928) Why early warning? 14-day period Field level
- 38. FAW damage symptoms over 14-day period
- 39. 39 Historically, maize farmers: • do not scout • do not use pesticides Understand the cropping system
- 40. Potential botanical pesticides against FAW Jatropha Azadirachta Ricinnus
- 41. www.nation.co.ke/health/Biological-pest-to-fight-armyworm Application of sand or ash into plant whorl
- 42. History and genetic make-up of FAW Insecticides • indiscriminately used in the Americas • e.g. approx. 3 000 t a.i/year used in Mexico (Blanco et al., 2010) • numerous reports of FAW resistance to insecticides Information gap • did the introduced FAW strains carry insecticide- resistance genes? To which insecticides (MoA)?
- 43. Chlorpyriphos EC480 100 000’s litres of insecticides from donor countries
- 44. • What is the current state of susceptibility to registered insecticides? • How will this change over time – increased LD50/LC50 values • LC50 = Lethal concentration-50 Concentration of the chemical that will kill 50% of the larvae with a single dose
- 45. Biological control Adult stage Larval stages 100 – 200 eggs / batch Pupal stage
- 47. Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Trichogrammatoidea armigera (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatoidea) Telonomus remus (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) Already present in Africa Egg parasitoids Bueno et al. 2017. Soybean pests . Outlooks on Pest Management
- 48. Campoletis sonorensis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Larval parasitoids Winthemia trinitatis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
- 49. J. van den Berg Habitat management
- 50. Habitat management Midega et al. 2018.
- 51. -1 -0,5 0 0,5 1 Maize x Sorghum Maize x Brachiaria Maize x Napier Maize x Vetiver Sorghum x Brachiaria Sorghum x Napier Sorghum x Vetiver Brachiaria x Napier Brachiaria x Vetiver Napier x Vetiver Preference proportion Plant 1 Plant 2 *** *** NC=1 *** NC=1 *** NC=2 *** NC=1 *** *** NC=1 *** NC=7 *** NC=13 *** NC=12 FAW larval preference for different Poaceae species How suitable is other grass species as larval hosts?
- 53. Biotechnology Will Bt maize contribute to addressing the problem?
- 54. Bt maize • not registered in SA against FAW but stem borers (Chilo partellus & Busseola fusca) • influences FAW ecology and injuriousness • resistant: Cry1F, Cry1Ab proteins in Bt maize in Americas • which resistance alleles arrived in Africa?
- 55. FAW larval survival and mass over time, when feeding on non-Bt maize, Cry1Ab maize and pyramid maize Non-Bt maize Cry1Ab Cry1.105 + Cry2Ab2 Larvalsurvival(%)Larvalmass(mg)
- 56. Enabling environment developing Dynamic situation (2017 to 2018) Water Efficient Maize for Africa (food crop) DT + Bt
- 57. • Clear definition of the original “product” • Moving the goal posts (2 yr ago – we need MON810!!) • “Claims” of product efficacy against FAW • Insect resistance management (stem borer) • Education & communication Misinformation, communication and education
- 58. Bt maize
- 60. Biological control Bt maize – technology Compatible and Sustainable Conclusions
- 61. Dankie Thank youNorth-West University
- 64. 64 GM crop field trials FAW in Africa
- 65. Gibberella Ear Rot is easily identified by the red or pink color of the mold starting at ear tip. Mold may be very pale in some cases, causing it to be confused with other ear rots. Gibberella almost always begins at the ear tip and progresses from there. Mycotoxin contamination of grain may or may not accompany ear mold symptoms. Gibberella Ear Rot (mycotoxins may occur) Gibberella zeae
- 66. Different FAW strains • “maize” and “rice” strains • predisposed for insecticide and Cry protein resistance • preference for different host plants • will populations remain genetically different or will “inter-breeding” influence pest dynamics?
- 67. Early et al. 2018. Forecasting the global extent of invasion of the cereal pest, Spodoptera frugiperda, Fall armyworm. BioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/391847