Automatically detects High Low voltage thresholds and protects appliance connected to it - By isolating that harmful power reaching to your appliance. Thus Smart Plug prevent damage to electrical and electronic equipment / appliances from power fluctuations, specifically over and under voltage levels of long duration. When the mains power supply fluctuates outside preset tolerances (nominally 170 and 270V) the power to your equipment is disconnected by Smart Plug.
What is power transmission?
Basic structure of electric system
Generation, transmission, distribution, electricity in Pakistan
(NTDC) Pakistan
Transmission lines in Pakistan
Transmission pole design
Power transmission losses
Automatically detects High Low voltage thresholds and protects appliance connected to it - By isolating that harmful power reaching to your appliance. Thus Smart Plug prevent damage to electrical and electronic equipment / appliances from power fluctuations, specifically over and under voltage levels of long duration. When the mains power supply fluctuates outside preset tolerances (nominally 170 and 270V) the power to your equipment is disconnected by Smart Plug.
What is power transmission?
Basic structure of electric system
Generation, transmission, distribution, electricity in Pakistan
(NTDC) Pakistan
Transmission lines in Pakistan
Transmission pole design
Power transmission losses
High Voltage Direct Current technology has certain characteristics which
make it especially attractive for transmission system applications. HVDC
transmission system is useful for long-distance transmission, bulk power delivery and
long submarine cable crossings and asynchronous interconnections. The study of
faults is essential for reasonable protection design because the faults will induce a
significant influence on operation of HVDC transmission system. This paper provides
the most dominant and frequent faults on the HVDC systems such as DC Line-to-
Ground fault and Line-to-Line fault on DC link and some common types of AC faults
occurs in overhead transmission system such as Line-to-Ground fault, Line-to-Line
fault and L-L-L fault. In HVDC system, faults on rectifier side or inverter side have
major affects on system stability. The various types of faults are considered in the
HVDC system which causes due to malfunctions of valves and controllers, misfire
and short circuit across the inverter station, flashover and three phase short circuit.
The various faults occurs at the converter station of a HVDC system and
Controlling action for those faults. Most of the studies have been conducted on line
faults. But faults on rectifier or inverter side of a HVDC system have great impact on
system stability. Faults considered are fire-through, misfire, and short circuit across
the inverter station, flashover, and a three-phase short circuit in the ac system. These
investigations are studied using matlab simulink models and the result represented in
the form of typical time responses.
- An outhouse project completed at Progressive Powercon Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India. Aim is to design and implement a low cost solar electricity generation system for household use.
- Designed DC-DC Converter, Inverter, Micro controller circuitry and some additional accessories to improve the overall performance of the system.
- PIC 16f876A is used as a microcontroller fro PWM Control. All the simulation are performed in PSIM 6.0. PCB layout is carried out in ALTIUM DESIGNER Summer 09 Software.
High Voltage Direct Current technology has certain characteristics which
make it especially attractive for transmission system applications. HVDC
transmission system is useful for long-distance transmission, bulk power delivery and
long submarine cable crossings and asynchronous interconnections. The study of
faults is essential for reasonable protection design because the faults will induce a
significant influence on operation of HVDC transmission system. This paper provides
the most dominant and frequent faults on the HVDC systems such as DC Line-to-
Ground fault and Line-to-Line fault on DC link and some common types of AC faults
occurs in overhead transmission system such as Line-to-Ground fault, Line-to-Line
fault and L-L-L fault. In HVDC system, faults on rectifier side or inverter side have
major affects on system stability. The various types of faults are considered in the
HVDC system which causes due to malfunctions of valves and controllers, misfire
and short circuit across the inverter station, flashover and three phase short circuit.
The various faults occurs at the converter station of a HVDC system and
Controlling action for those faults. Most of the studies have been conducted on line
faults. But faults on rectifier or inverter side of a HVDC system have great impact on
system stability. Faults considered are fire-through, misfire, and short circuit across
the inverter station, flashover, and a three-phase short circuit in the ac system. These
investigations are studied using matlab simulink models and the result represented in
the form of typical time responses.
- An outhouse project completed at Progressive Powercon Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India. Aim is to design and implement a low cost solar electricity generation system for household use.
- Designed DC-DC Converter, Inverter, Micro controller circuitry and some additional accessories to improve the overall performance of the system.
- PIC 16f876A is used as a microcontroller fro PWM Control. All the simulation are performed in PSIM 6.0. PCB layout is carried out in ALTIUM DESIGNER Summer 09 Software.
Diameter of roll heat drum: 377mm 420mm 600mm
Width: 1.2m 1.7m 1.9m 2.5m 3.2m
Blanket: Dupont
Features:
1, the machine uses genuine original electrical accessories, temperature control precision, long life
2, the use of heating oil heating, uniform heating
3, digital temperature and speed control, adjustable speed
4, three meters long machine with double bench, with the underlying conveyor belt, enabling customers to transfer class pieces pieces
5, the machine with a pressurized system to meet the different requirements of different products to pressure
6, the use of imported heating pipes, heat evenly, durable, imported blankets, blankets difficult deviation
7, the machine is out of style blankets, blankets difficult to burn, with three put two closing means to facilitate customers retractable products
Applications:
Clothing industry (sportswear, uniforms, classes clothes, uniforms, bathing suits, diving suits, fashion, T-shirts, socks, denim)
Advertising industry (costumes, flags, banners, umbrellas, advertising products)
Bedding (sheets, blankets, quilt, mattress, mosquito nets, drapery, draperies, pillows, towels, pillow cases)
Household items (sofa sets, sofa cushions, mats, cushion, pillow, curtains, shower curtains, towels, bath towels, towel dry hair)
Outdoor supplies (tents, mountaineering bags, traveling bags, sleeping bags)
Shoes bags (cloth bags, bags, shopping bags, handbags, shoulder bags, woven bags, canvas shoes)
Jewelry Accessories (scarves, scarf, scarves, shawls, gloves, wrist, masks, goggles, hats, hair bands)
Ribbon products (parapets, hair band, belt, tied belt, elastic belt, shoelaces, shoulder belt, gift belt, with pets
Lessons from Software for Synthetic BiologyTim O'Reilly
In my November 4, 2015 keynote at the SynBioBeta conference, I talk about lessons from open source software and the internet that should shape our thinking about the bio revolution. Licenses are only part of the open source story. The architecture of interoperability may matter even more.
Sublimation vs Digital Printing By Sukhvir SabharwalSukhvir Sabharwal
Dear All,
Pls see actual process of sublimation and digital with their advantage & disadvantage along with comparison.
Hope this would help you !
Courtesy- Mr. PK Aggarwal
Best,
Sukhvir
Laser assisted machining is a recent topic and has drastically reduced cutting forces and tool wear.
The presentation covers intro, setup, comparison of two processes and discussion about advantages and disadvantages of using this technique.
IBA Admission - Mystery Revealed (Infographics)Ayman Sadiq
No more asking for help or searching for information. Everything you need to know about IBA is projected in the infographic in a nutshell. Give it a shot!
This PPT explains about the term "Cryptography - Encryption & Decryption". This PPT is for beginners and for intermediate developers who want to learn about Cryptography. I have also explained about the various classes which .Net provides for encryption and decryption and some other terms like "AES" and "DES".
IOT BASED POWER GRID MONITORING & CONTROL SYSTEMvivatechijri
Energy generation corporations provide electricity to any or all the households via intermediate controlled power transmission hubs referred to as Electricity Grid. Generally issues arise thanks to failure of the electricity grid resulting in black out of a complete space that was obtaining provide from that individual grid. This project aims to resolve this downside victimization IOT because the means that of communication and conjointly coping with numerous alternative problems that a wise system will traumatize to avoid needless losses to the Energy producers.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) ijceronline
nternational Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Design and Implementation of Wireless Sensor Node for WSN for Automatic Meter...paperpublications3
Abstract:Deploying an embedded technology, a wireless sensor node is designed and implemented for establishment of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) for automatic meter reading. The amount of power consumed by the load is extracted by passing the respective current through 1Ohm resistor. The analog voltage observed across it is digitized by employing on chip ADC of AVR Atmega 8L microcontroller. The ADC of 10 bit resolution helps to enhance preciseness in the data. Using principle of energy meter, the power consumed is determined and depicted in the terms of watts and units as well. An embedded firmware is developed by employing CodeVisionAVR, the IDE, which is dedicated for AVR family of microcontrollers. Employing an ubiquitous technology, the Zigbee technology, RF communication is established at 2.4GHz of ISM band. The Zigbee RF module is interfaced to the system and programmed by using X-CTU. Each node (End Devices) is assigned with its own ID and disseminates the data to the co-ordinator node, which is interfaced to the base station. The present wireless sensor network is operating in star technology and following IEEE 802.15.4 standards, it is operating with great reliability. The WSN is suitable for electric power distribution and control boards. Keyword:Automatic Meter Reading, AVR Microcontroller, Embedded technology, IEEE802.15.4, WSN, Zigbee technology.
Title:Design and Implementation of Wireless Sensor Node for WSN for Automatic Meter Reading
Author:A. M. Pawar, S. N. Patil, B. P. Ladgaonkar
International Journal of Recent Research in Mathematics Computer Science and Information Technology, (IJRRMCSIT)
Paper Publications
The report gives the complete in view of smart grid technology. This document is about the smart grids and its infrastructure. It describes the smart grid’s vision and the framework. It also briefs about the smart grids initiatives and platforms. It presents the current standards and how well are they implemented in the real system.
Design and Implementation of Wireless Sensor Node for WSN for Automatic Meter...paperpublications3
Abstract:Deploying an embedded technology, a wireless sensor node is designed and implemented for establishment of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) for automatic meter reading. The amount of power consumed by the load is extracted by passing the respective current through 1Ohm resistor. The analog voltage observed across it is digitized by employing on chip ADC of AVR Atmega 8L microcontroller. The ADC of 10 bit resolution helps to enhance preciseness in the data. Using principle of energy meter, the power consumed is determined and depicted in the terms of watts and units as well. An embedded firmware is developed by employing CodeVisionAVR, the IDE, which is dedicated for AVR family of microcontrollers. Employing an ubiquitous technology, the Zigbee technology, RF communication is established at 2.4GHz of ISM band. The Zigbee RF module is interfaced to the system and programmed by using X-CTU. Each node (End Devices) is assigned with its own ID and disseminates the data to the co-ordinator node, which is interfaced to the base station. The present wireless sensor network is operating in star technology and following IEEE 802.15.4 standards, it is operating with great reliability. The WSN is suitable for electric power distribution and control boards.
Keyword:Automatic Meter Reading, AVR Microcontroller, Embedded technology, IEEE802.15.4, WSN, Zigbee technology.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
1. 1
Suman Sahoo Roll No : 97/ELM/124005
By
Sumanta Kundu Roll No: 97/ELM/124013
Agniv Mukherjee Roll No : 97/ELM/124016
Raju Ray Roll No : 97/ELM/124017
Under Guidance of
Prof. Jitendra Nath Bera
Department of Applied Physics,
University College of Science & Technology,
University of Calcutta
92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata-700009
West Bengal, India
Date: 26-05-2015
3. 3
Information regarding real time specific data for energy consumption and
corresponding tariff
Remote control of different Home Appliances
Remote notification of usage of energy consumption
Managing and storing vast quantities of metering data
Ensuring the security of metering data
Extra energy (if generated) can be sent back to Grid
Today’s Demands
Performance degradation analysis of a particular appliance
4. 4
Decarbonise electricity
Greater visibility to distribution network
Participation of the consumers into power system operation through Smart
Meter, Smart Plug.
Improved ICT (Information & Communication Technology) offers greater
monitoring, control, flexibility and low cost operation of power system.
Effective management of loads and reduction of losses and wasted
energy needs accurate information about the loads.
Performance comparison for same appliance of different make
Local display of information on smart plug itself
Contd.
5. Provides some basic
information of a particular appliance
Includes an embedded
ICT unit so that power usage
information it collects about the appliance
can then be transmitted
Access electricity consumption
data and determine the best time to use an individual appliance
Smart Plug
Contd.
5
Smart Plug
6. Essential part of the Smart Grid
It can provide detailed load flow on real time
basis
Helps in effective management of the grid
operation
Helps consumer to realize the energy usage and
the corresponding tariff
Two way communication
- Automatic Meter Reading
- Restriction of supply
Smart Energy Meter
6
Contd.
Smart Energy Meter
7. 7
Smart Home
•A home equipped with lighting, heating, and electronic devices that can
be controlled remotely by smart phone or computer
• Smart home relate to the development of some major aspects:
(a)Capabilities of home infrastructure and controlled device
(b) Usability of mobile and stationary user interfaces
Contd.
9. 9
Contd.
Involvement of Information & Communication Technology
Rapid development of Wireless Communication Systems like 3G, 4G, Wi-Fi
Introductory involvement of communication interfaces like Bluetooth, ZigBee, Wi-Fi
Power Line Communication (PLC)
10. 10
Power Line Communication (PLC) as Communication Channel
The Home Automation System Using Power Line Communication (PLC) at home
is user friendly and cost efficient. It requires only electricity to run the system.
Fundamental parts of the smart meter as well as the Smart Grid.
Communication through power line by the Utilities to Consumers if possible
results to breakthrough in communications.
Every household would be connected at any time and services being
provided at real-time.
Based on electrical signals, carrying information, propagating over the power-
line.
Contd.
13. 13
Classifiers
An algorithm implementing classification, especially concrete implementation
A mathematical function , implemented by a classification algorithm, that maps
input data to a category
Bayesian
Support Vector machine Classifier
Fuzzy Ruled Based Classifier
Artificial Neural Network
Types of Classifiers
14. 14
In our project we have used the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) as the
classifier has some benefits from others which are mentioned below :
(a) Adaptive Learning
(b) Self-Organization
(c) Real Time Operation
(d) Fault Tolerance via Redundant Information Coding
(e) Implementation Ability
Contd.
15. 15
Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
A computational system inspired by the structure, processing method
and learning ability of a biological brain
Contd.
(a) A large number of very simple processing neuron-like processing
elements.
(b) A large number of weighted connections between the elements.
(c) Distributed representation of knowledge over the connections.
(d) Knowledge is acquired by network through a learning process.
16. Elements of ANN
(a) Processing unit
(b) Activation function
(c) Learning paradigm
16
Contd.
21. Schematic Overview
Ardiuno UNO Board
Signal
Conditioning
Signal
Conditioning
ADC
Atmega
328 µC
Communic
ation unit
(PLC)
Local
Display
Ph N
CT
1-ph Elec.
Load
PT
Smart
Plug
21
Smart
Meter
23. Data Acquisition & Signature Extraction
•Voltage & current data of diff. load captured by DSO
•The sample data of voltage & current data taken into a spreadsheet using
software webstar
• Formation of load signature (by mathematical calculation) using captured
sampled data of voltage & current of diff. load
23
•The data obtained in the measurement is stored into a computer for further
study; the appliances include:
i) Fan ii) Bulb ; iii) Tube Light iv) Heater v)1 Ph Induction Motor
Contd.
24. Captured Data for Signature Extraction
current
Time
Time
voltage
Current nature obtained for 200 Watt
bulb switching phenomenon .
Voltage nature obtained for 200 Watt
bulb switching phenomenon
24
Contd.
25. Amplitude
Power spectrum
Time Frequency
Simulated MATLAB output of 200W
bulb current switching phenomenon
FFT Analysis using MatLab
Simulated MATLAB FFT analysis of
200W bulb current data
25
Contd.
26. ANN Start up Window
26
NN toolbox can be open by entering the command on command window
>>nnstart
Contd.
27. >> nprtool
or Pattern Recognition Application from Neural Network Start Window
27
Neural Pattern Recognition Application Contd.
32. The Figure shows the
changes between the
validation, Training
and testing where the Mean
Square Error is minimum.
NN Training Performance
Contd.
32
38. Overview of Hardware
38
Technical Specifications of Arduino UNO
Microcontroller : ATmega328
Operating Voltage : 5V
Supply Voltage (recommended) : 7-12V
Maximum supply voltage : 20V
Digital I/O Pins : 14 (of which 6 provide
PWM output)
Analog Input Pins : 6
DC Current per I/O Pin :40 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin :50 mA
Flash Memory : 32 KB (ATmega328) of
which 0.5 KB used by
boot loader
SRAM : 2 KB (ATmega328)
EEPROM : 1 KB (ATmega328)
Clock Speed :16 MHz
39. Matlab Hardware Support Package for Ardiuno UNO
Board
Matlab to communicate with Arduino UNO Board over a USB cable
39
Start MATLAB
Start Support Package Installer
Select Arduino UNO from a list of support packages
Math Works Account
Continue and Complete the Installation
Contd.
41. Procedure to run the Model on Arduino UNO Hardware
Load the voltage and current samples into constants v1 & i1in the
command window of Matlab
41
Contd.
42. Configuration parameter setting to run the model on Arduino UNO
hardware
42
Procedure to run the Model on Arduino UNO Hardware
Contd.
43. Target hardware :Arduino UNO
Host COM port : Automatically
43
Contd.Procedure to run the Model on Arduino UNO
Hardware
50. 50
• Convenient and efficient use of electric appliances
• Remote access of the home electrical appliances
• Energy management strategies of Utility
• Utility to control the energy supply to a particular appliance
• Brief cost estimation of development of a Smart Plug
52. 52
1. Smart Grid Technology and Applications by Janaka Ekanayake(Cardiff University, UK),
Kithsiri Liyanage(University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka), Jianzhong Wu (Cardiff University,
UK), Akihiko Yokoyama (University of Tokyo, Japan), Nick Jenkins (Cardiff University,
UK).
2. Simulator for Smart Load Management in Home Appliances by Michael Rathmair and
Jan Haase (Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Computer Technology).
3. Smart Power Grids 2011 by Professor Ali Keyhani Department of Electrical and
Computer Engineering.
4. Experimental Study and Design of Smart Energy Meter for the Smart Grid by
Anmar Arif, Muhannad AI-Hussain, Nawaf AI-Mutairi, Essam AI-Ammar Yasin Khan and
Nazar Malik Saudi Aramco Chair in Electrical Power, Department of Electrical
Engineering, College of Engineering (King Saud University).
5. A model for generating household electricity load profiles by Jukka V. Paatero and Peter
D. Lund Advanced Energy Systems, (Helsinki University of Technology Finland).
6. Analysis and Application of Artificial Neural Network by L.P.J Veelenturf.
7. ANN Based Load Identification And Forecasting System For The Built Environment by
Hosen Hasna (University of Nebraska-Lincoln, hhasna@unomaha.ed).
8. Principles Of Artificial Neural Networks 2nd Edition by Wai-Kai Chen (Univ. Illinois,
Chicago, USA)
9. Neural Networks by M. Hajek