Shape memory alloys are a type of smart material that can significantly change their shape or size in response to external stimuli like stress or temperature. They have the ability to return to a predetermined shape when heated or cooled below a transformation temperature. Common shape memory alloys include nickel-titanium (Nitinol), copper-zinc-aluminum, and copper-aluminum-nickel alloys. Shape memory alloys have applications in aerospace, medicine, and bioengineering. Current and future smart material inventions include synthetic spider silk, graphene, metamaterials, and thermochromic cement, with potential uses in fields like electronics, construction, and medical devices.

1. Shape Memory Alloys and Smart
Material Inventions
A
PRESENTATION
ON
SUBMITTED TO:-
DR. GOPAL JI
DEPUTY CORDINATOR MTA AND
MECHA
SUBMITTED BY:-
GARIMA SINGH
MTA 1st year 2nd sem
2008581175008

2. LIST OF CONTENT
• Introduction
• Shape memory alloys : Definition and Principle
• Application
• Types
• Current inventions
• Future scope
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3. INTRODUCTION
Shape memory alloys are the part of smart materials .
Smart material are the materials that can significantly
alter one or more of their inherent properties owing to the
application of an external stimuli in a controlled fashion
(external stimuli, such as stress, temperature,
moisture, PH, electrical fields and magnetic
fields).
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4. Types of smart materials
MATERIAL OUTPUT EXAMPLE
Piezoelectric Potential Difference Quartz ,Topaz
Electrostrictive Deformation Lead Lanthanum , zirconated
Titanium
Magnetostrictive Deformation Cobalt ,Terfinol -D
Thermostrictive Potential Difference Bismuth OR Lead Telluride
Alloys, silicon Germanium
Alloys
Shape memory alloys Deformation Nickel Titanium Alloys, Cu
alloys
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5. SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS
PRINCIPLE: The basic principle behind SMAs is that a solid
state phase change occurs in these materials. They switch
between states of Austenite and Martensite.
• SMA are the Materials which have the ability to return to a
predetermined shape when heated or cooled, or below its
transformation temperature.
• Popular SMAs are NiTi, CuZnAl, and CuAlNi
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6. Contd…
(a) (b)
Temperature-induced phase transformation of a Hysteresis curve
shape memory alloy without mechanical loading.
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7. APPLICATIONS
Aeronautical
Making flexible wings using shape
memory wires
Medicine
Bone plates made of NiTi that has
very good electrical and mechanical
properties, long fatigue life, and high
corrosion resistance.
Bioengineering
Muscle wires that can mimic human
movement
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8. TYPES OF SMA
• Nitinol is actuator, sensor and heater all in one
material. Nitinol films normally less than 10 micron
in thickness were deposited on silicon, glass or
polymeric substrates by sputter deposition.
• Copper based alloys ,CuAlNi and CuZnAl are
used due to their excellent conductivity
,inexpensive production cost and high resistance to
the degradation of functional properties that
occurred during aging processes.
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9. SMART MATERIAL INVENTIONS
• Synthetic spider web. This material is not only five times stronger
than steel, but also has great elasticity. Its potential uses include:
bulletproof clothing, artificial skin for burns or waterproof adhesives.
• Shrilk. It is considered the ideal substitute for plastic since its
decomposition time is only two weeks and it also works as a stimulant
for plant growth .
• Graphene. Its potential uses are almost unlimited: batteries with more
autonomy, cheaper photovoltaic solar cells faster computers, flexible
electronic devices, more resistant buildings, bionic limbs, etc.
• Metamaterials. They are the subject of research in fields such as the
military, optics or telephony . They can, for example, bend
electromagnetic waves of light creating negative refractive indices.
• XPL. It is a silicone-based polymer that adheres to the dermis like a
second skin. As it replicates the appearance of young, healthy skin by
rejuvenating the look of the wearer.
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10. FUTURE SCOPE
These include
• Stanene, which could be the super condenser of the future.
• Vanadium dioxide, with an ability to transit electricity
without emitting heat, which promises to revolutionise
electronics.
• Thermochromic cement and self-repairing concrete,
intended to increase the energy efficiency of housing and the
life span of buildings respectively.
• Smart materials are also starting to be printed, thanks to 4D
printers.
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11. REFERENCES
1. www.studymafia.org
2. https://www.iberdrola.com/innovation/smart materials-
applications-examples
3. Otsuka, K. and Wayman, C.M., Shape Memory Materials,
Cambridge University Press, 1998.
4. Funakubo, H., Shape Memory Alloys, Gordon and Breach
Science Publishers, 1987.
5. Huang, W., On the selection of shape memory alloys for
actuators, Materials and Design, Vol. 23, 2002, pp11-19.
6. Duerig, T.W., Melton, K.N., Stöckel, D. and Wayman C.M.,
Engineering Aspects of Shape Memory Alloys, London:
Butterworth Heinemann, 1990.