A presentation conducted by Mr Mehrdad Amirghasemi, SMART Infrastructure Facility, University of Wollongong. Presented on Wednesday the 2nd of October 2013. Modelling and simulation for improved infrastructure is involved with the development of adaptive systems that can learn and respond to the environment intelligently. Developing simple agents with limited intelligence that collectively represent complex behaviour can assist infrastructure planning and can model many real world situations. By employing sophisticated techniques which highly support infrastructure planning and design, evolutionary computation can play a key role in the development of such systems. The key to presenting solution strategies for these systems is fitness landscape which makes some problems hard and some problems easy to tackle. Moreover, constructive methods and local searches can assist evolutionary searches to improve their performance. In this paper, all these four concepts are reviewed and their application in infrastructure planning and design is discussed. With respect to applications, the main emphasis includes city planning, and traffic equilibrium.