The project involves determining real time electricity charges incurred by the residential consumers. The smart grid integrated with residential PV systems was modeled in Simulink to determine demand response in dynamic pricing environment. Based on the load demand, electricity charges were calculated and compared with flat rate charges to highlight cost savings.
*ELECTRIC POWER AND POWER TRANSMISSION.
*PRESENT ONE-WAY ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM.
*A WAY TO DO MORE WITH LESS .
*MODERN UPDATED AND SMART TRANSMISSION SYSTEM.
The project involves determining real time electricity charges incurred by the residential consumers. The smart grid integrated with residential PV systems was modeled in Simulink to determine demand response in dynamic pricing environment. Based on the load demand, electricity charges were calculated and compared with flat rate charges to highlight cost savings.
*ELECTRIC POWER AND POWER TRANSMISSION.
*PRESENT ONE-WAY ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM.
*A WAY TO DO MORE WITH LESS .
*MODERN UPDATED AND SMART TRANSMISSION SYSTEM.
What is a Smart Grid?
The Smart Grid Enables the ElectriNetSM
Local Energy Networks
Electric Transportation
Low-Carbon Central Generation
What Should Be the Attributes of the Smart Grid?
Why Do We Need a Smart Grid?
Is the Smart Grid a “Green Grid”?
Alternative Views of a Smart Grid
This presentation is about Smart Grid, its benefits over traditional grid system, technologies and components used in smart grid, characteristics of smart grid, and smart grid system in India.
(a).Evolution of electric grid
(b).Concept of electric grid
(c).Definition of smart grid
(d).Needs of smart grid
(e).Smart grid drivers and function
(f).Opportunities, challenges and benefits of smart grid
(g).Difference between conventional and smart grid
Q1: How do smart grids differ from current electricity infrastructure in the United States?
2. What management, organization, and technology issues should be considered when developing a smart grid?
3. What challenge to the development of smart grids do you think is most likely to hamper their development?
4. What other areas of our infrastructure could benefit from “smart” technologies? Describe one example not listed in the case.
5. Would you like your home and your community to be part of a smart grid? Why or Why not?
A Smart Grid is an electrical grid that uses information and communications technology to gather and act on information, such as information about the behaviors of suppliers and consumers, in an automated fashion to improve the efficiency, reliability, economics, and sustainability of electricity production and distribution. Just as ICs were used to improve the bandwidth of copper cable, they can also be used to improve the bandwidth of electrical cables. These improvements enable a Smart Grid to more effectively purchase and distribute electricity and provide users with real-time prices including time of day prices.
This paper is set against a backdrop where India is at an important juncture in the energy landscape – a
present riddled with many challenges and an imminent future of multiple opportunities led by technology
implementations. The paper begins by providing an overall context to the Indian Power scenario and
introduces the country’s ambitious smart grids vision led by security, adaptability, sustainability, reliability and
quality. In the next section, we delve deeper into the characteristics of the Indian Smart Energy ecosystem
– exploring the market potential and opportunities as well as policies that are currently in place. The third
segment is dedicated to standardization and an effort has been made to bring together all relevant standards
(including IoT) as well as policies that enable their implementation. This segment also discusses cyber security
and associated challenges, as these tenets are critical to the standards debate. The fourth segment explores
opportunities and challenges that all these bring in the areas of renewable energy, transmission, distribution,
micro-grids and security as well as their possible impact. In the final section, the paper puts forth some
actionable recommendations for stakeholders in the energy ecosystem including calling for new policies around
rooftop PVs, net metering, communications and IoT, data usage, distribution automation and management of
distributed energy resources, schemes for incentivizing stakeholders as well as greater collaboration among
ecosystem players. In doing so, it also highlights the benefits that collaborations such as those between India
and EU could bring to accelerating both standards creation as well as implementation.
Smart grid will become the next-generation electrical power system to provide reliable, efficient, secure, and cost-effective energy generation, distribution, and consumption. To achieve these goals, communications infrastructure and wireless networking will play an important role in supporting data transfer and information exchange in smart grid. There has been a desire for a long time to increase the efficiency of the way in which power is generated and delivered to customers. The technology currently in use by the grid is outdated and in many cases unreliable. There have been three major blackouts in the past ten years. The old technology leads to n systems, costing unnecessary money to the utilities, consumers, and taxpayers.
To upgrade the grid, and to operate an improved grid, will require significant dependence on distributed intelligence and communication capabilities. To address the challenges of the existing power grid, the new concept of smart grid has emerged. The smart grid can be considered as a modern electric power grid infrastructure for enhanced efficiency and reliability through automated control, high-power converters, modern communications infrastructure, sensing and metering technologies, and modern energy management techniques based on the optimization of demand, energy and network availability ,and so on. For the system, we explore various failure protection mechanisms which improve the reliability of the Smart Grid, and explore the security and privacy issues in the Smart Grid. .
What is a Smart Grid?
The Smart Grid Enables the ElectriNetSM
Local Energy Networks
Electric Transportation
Low-Carbon Central Generation
What Should Be the Attributes of the Smart Grid?
Why Do We Need a Smart Grid?
Is the Smart Grid a “Green Grid”?
Alternative Views of a Smart Grid
This presentation is about Smart Grid, its benefits over traditional grid system, technologies and components used in smart grid, characteristics of smart grid, and smart grid system in India.
(a).Evolution of electric grid
(b).Concept of electric grid
(c).Definition of smart grid
(d).Needs of smart grid
(e).Smart grid drivers and function
(f).Opportunities, challenges and benefits of smart grid
(g).Difference between conventional and smart grid
Q1: How do smart grids differ from current electricity infrastructure in the United States?
2. What management, organization, and technology issues should be considered when developing a smart grid?
3. What challenge to the development of smart grids do you think is most likely to hamper their development?
4. What other areas of our infrastructure could benefit from “smart” technologies? Describe one example not listed in the case.
5. Would you like your home and your community to be part of a smart grid? Why or Why not?
A Smart Grid is an electrical grid that uses information and communications technology to gather and act on information, such as information about the behaviors of suppliers and consumers, in an automated fashion to improve the efficiency, reliability, economics, and sustainability of electricity production and distribution. Just as ICs were used to improve the bandwidth of copper cable, they can also be used to improve the bandwidth of electrical cables. These improvements enable a Smart Grid to more effectively purchase and distribute electricity and provide users with real-time prices including time of day prices.
This paper is set against a backdrop where India is at an important juncture in the energy landscape – a
present riddled with many challenges and an imminent future of multiple opportunities led by technology
implementations. The paper begins by providing an overall context to the Indian Power scenario and
introduces the country’s ambitious smart grids vision led by security, adaptability, sustainability, reliability and
quality. In the next section, we delve deeper into the characteristics of the Indian Smart Energy ecosystem
– exploring the market potential and opportunities as well as policies that are currently in place. The third
segment is dedicated to standardization and an effort has been made to bring together all relevant standards
(including IoT) as well as policies that enable their implementation. This segment also discusses cyber security
and associated challenges, as these tenets are critical to the standards debate. The fourth segment explores
opportunities and challenges that all these bring in the areas of renewable energy, transmission, distribution,
micro-grids and security as well as their possible impact. In the final section, the paper puts forth some
actionable recommendations for stakeholders in the energy ecosystem including calling for new policies around
rooftop PVs, net metering, communications and IoT, data usage, distribution automation and management of
distributed energy resources, schemes for incentivizing stakeholders as well as greater collaboration among
ecosystem players. In doing so, it also highlights the benefits that collaborations such as those between India
and EU could bring to accelerating both standards creation as well as implementation.
Smart grid will become the next-generation electrical power system to provide reliable, efficient, secure, and cost-effective energy generation, distribution, and consumption. To achieve these goals, communications infrastructure and wireless networking will play an important role in supporting data transfer and information exchange in smart grid. There has been a desire for a long time to increase the efficiency of the way in which power is generated and delivered to customers. The technology currently in use by the grid is outdated and in many cases unreliable. There have been three major blackouts in the past ten years. The old technology leads to n systems, costing unnecessary money to the utilities, consumers, and taxpayers.
To upgrade the grid, and to operate an improved grid, will require significant dependence on distributed intelligence and communication capabilities. To address the challenges of the existing power grid, the new concept of smart grid has emerged. The smart grid can be considered as a modern electric power grid infrastructure for enhanced efficiency and reliability through automated control, high-power converters, modern communications infrastructure, sensing and metering technologies, and modern energy management techniques based on the optimization of demand, energy and network availability ,and so on. For the system, we explore various failure protection mechanisms which improve the reliability of the Smart Grid, and explore the security and privacy issues in the Smart Grid. .
Electricity is a necessity in the modern world. In the traditional power system, electricity is being generated and transmitted through a one-way transmission and distribution system called the grid. The smart grid is an intelligent power grid designed to handle distributed resources using communication technology employing smart meters and control system. It promises more efficient, secure and climate friendly power system.
Smart Grid Data Centers Distributed & ICTs Sustainability on Generation Energ...IJMTST Journal
Smart grid has modernized the way electricity is generated, transported, distributed, and consumed by integrating advanced sensing, communications, and control in the day-to-day operation of the grid. Electricity is a core utility for the functioning of society and for the services provided by information and communication technologies(ICTs). Several concepts of the smart grid, such as dynamic pricing, distributed generation, and demand management, have significantly impacted the operation of ICT services, in particular, communication networks and data centers. Ongoing energy-efficiency and operational expenditures reduction efforts in communication networks and data center shave gained another dimension with those smart grid concepts. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey on the smart grid-driven approaches in energy-efficient communications and data centers, and the interaction between smart grid and information and communication infrastructures. Although the studies on smart grid, energy-efficient communications, and green data centers have been separately surveyed in previous studies, to this end, research that falls in the intersection of those fields has not been properly classified and surveyed yet. We start our survey by providing background information on the smart grid and continue with surveying smart grid-driven approaches in energy-efficient communication systems, followed by energy, cost and emission minimizing approaches in datacenters, and the corresponding cloud network infrastructure. Through a communication infrastructure, a smart grid can improve power reliability and quality to eliminate electricity blackout.
By using smart grid technology energy can be utilized to the maximum and would not be wasted. It refers to the modernized version of the earlier traditional method of energy supply. Allows consumers to interact with the grid.
Running head: SMART GRID 1
SMART GRID 2
SMART GRID 1
CSIA 459: Evaluating Emerging Technologies
Technology Review #2: Emerging Application of Technology in a Critical Infrastructure
Annotated Bibliography for Smart Grid
11/25/2018
Introduction
The Smart Grid is the evolution of our current electric grid, using new technologies to optimize power conservation and delivery. The “Grid” refers to the electric grid, a network of transmission lines, substations, transformers and more that supply our homes or businesses with electricity from the power plant. The digital technology that enables two - way communication between the utility and its customers and the transmission line sensing is what makes the grid smart. Like the Internet, the Smart Grid consist of controls, computers, automation and new technologies and equipment working together, but in this case, these technologies work with the electrical grid to meet our rapidly changing electrical demand digitally. The Smart Grid is a unique opportunity to transform the energy industry into a new era of efficiency, affordability and reliability that will add value to our society.
Today, the demand for power continues to grow rapidly using more electronic devices than ever before and the current electrical system is outdated and totally depends on equipment nearing the end of its lifetime of use. Smart grids update this infrastructure to ensure that safety issues are addressed, and power is consistently delivered and that the system is managed competently. Without intelligent grid improvements, the old system, which is already close to capacity, will not be able to meet the future challenges. Cybersecurity solutions for critical energy infrastructure are essential in order to deliver reliable energy. In today's increasingly connected world, where cyber threats are highly sophisticated, it is unwise to think that energy supply systems are isolated or immune from compromise, but the Smart grid offers so many fundamental changes in human intelligence, prevention, management and recovery that, despite the introduction of new vulnerabilities, it essentially makes the electrical system safer.
Annotated Bibliography for Smart Grid
1. Pesesky, J. L. (2016). The vulnerabilities of the advanced metering infrastructure in the smart grid (Order No. 10154802). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (1836799165). Retrieved from http://ezproxy.umuc.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.umuc.edu/docview/1836799165?accountid=14580
Justine Pesesky in his dissertation, talks about how the intelligent grid uses innovative technology to improve the experience of the consumer. The intelligent grid features allow intelligent appliances and smart meters to transmit information wirelessly to electrical utilities, and how the confident.
"CHALLENGES AND ISSUES OF SMART GRID IMPLEMENTATION: THE CASE OF GHANA", A research project conducted by Calebina Fosuaa, Alex Pobi and Derrick Mifetu from University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
The report gives the complete in view of smart grid technology. This document is about the smart grids and its infrastructure. It describes the smart grid’s vision and the framework. It also briefs about the smart grids initiatives and platforms. It presents the current standards and how well are they implemented in the real system.
Image processing using rfid implemented parking systemPradeep Senthil
This all the will help you to know the basic information about the RFID working with parking application--- keep support to my slide ---Thanks & Regards #pradeepsenthil
Full explanation about glucometer, and his construction & working this slide will you to get more knowledge and this will many reference- keep support my slides ---Thanks
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™UiPathCommunity
In questo evento online gratuito, organizzato dalla Community Italiana di UiPath, potrai esplorare le nuove funzionalità di Autopilot, il tool che integra l'Intelligenza Artificiale nei processi di sviluppo e utilizzo delle Automazioni.
📕 Vedremo insieme alcuni esempi dell'utilizzo di Autopilot in diversi tool della Suite UiPath:
Autopilot per Studio Web
Autopilot per Studio
Autopilot per Apps
Clipboard AI
GenAI applicata alla Document Understanding
👨🏫👨💻 Speakers:
Stefano Negro, UiPath MVPx3, RPA Tech Lead @ BSP Consultant
Flavio Martinelli, UiPath MVP 2023, Technical Account Manager @UiPath
Andrei Tasca, RPA Solutions Team Lead @NTT Data
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Welocme to ViralQR, your best QR code generator.ViralQR
Welcome to ViralQR, your best QR code generator available on the market!
At ViralQR, we design static and dynamic QR codes. Our mission is to make business operations easier and customer engagement more powerful through the use of QR technology. Be it a small-scale business or a huge enterprise, our easy-to-use platform provides multiple choices that can be tailored according to your company's branding and marketing strategies.
Our Vision
We are here to make the process of creating QR codes easy and smooth, thus enhancing customer interaction and making business more fluid. We very strongly believe in the ability of QR codes to change the world for businesses in their interaction with customers and are set on making that technology accessible and usable far and wide.
Our Achievements
Ever since its inception, we have successfully served many clients by offering QR codes in their marketing, service delivery, and collection of feedback across various industries. Our platform has been recognized for its ease of use and amazing features, which helped a business to make QR codes.
Our Services
At ViralQR, here is a comprehensive suite of services that caters to your very needs:
Static QR Codes: Create free static QR codes. These QR codes are able to store significant information such as URLs, vCards, plain text, emails and SMS, Wi-Fi credentials, and Bitcoin addresses.
Dynamic QR codes: These also have all the advanced features but are subscription-based. They can directly link to PDF files, images, micro-landing pages, social accounts, review forms, business pages, and applications. In addition, they can be branded with CTAs, frames, patterns, colors, and logos to enhance your branding.
Pricing and Packages
Additionally, there is a 14-day free offer to ViralQR, which is an exceptional opportunity for new users to take a feel of this platform. One can easily subscribe from there and experience the full dynamic of using QR codes. The subscription plans are not only meant for business; they are priced very flexibly so that literally every business could afford to benefit from our service.
Why choose us?
ViralQR will provide services for marketing, advertising, catering, retail, and the like. The QR codes can be posted on fliers, packaging, merchandise, and banners, as well as to substitute for cash and cards in a restaurant or coffee shop. With QR codes integrated into your business, improve customer engagement and streamline operations.
Comprehensive Analytics
Subscribers of ViralQR receive detailed analytics and tracking tools in light of having a view of the core values of QR code performance. Our analytics dashboard shows aggregate views and unique views, as well as detailed information about each impression, including time, device, browser, and estimated location by city and country.
So, thank you for choosing ViralQR; we have an offer of nothing but the best in terms of QR code services to meet business diversity!
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
• How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
2. OUTLINE
SMART GRID
NEED FOR SMART GRID
SMART GRID- THE FUTURE
SMART GRID COMPONENTS
1. SYSTEM COMPONENT
2. NETWORK COMPONENT
SENSING AND MEASUREMENT
COMMUNICATION AND SECURITY
3. OUTLINE
GREEN ENERGY IN SMART GRID
ADVANTAGES OF SMART GRID
DRAWBACKS OF SMART GRID
REFERENCE
CONCLUTION
4. SMART GRID
Smart grid is a reliable, secure, flexible,
dynamically controllable electrical grid.
It provides integrated operation over the
improved technologies.
It executes the two-way communication
between the consumer and the supplier in
an automated manner.
5. NEED FOR SMART GRID
Ordinary grids operate as a single way
communication from supplier to consumer.
Without the self-regulation and automated
function property, Old grids remain unfit for
today’s demand.
Thus we go for the smart grids.
6. SMART GRID - THE
FUTURE
Smart grid plays an optimized roll in next
generation power production and
distribution.
Smart grid will take part in SMART CITIES
to provide sensed power distribution.
All appliances will be in contact with the
grid system by application of IoT (Internet of
Things).
7. SMART GRID
COMPONENTS
System components:
Electrical house hold
appliances, Renewable energy
sources, Smart energy meters,
Electric utility operation centre and
service providers are all the
components in smart grid system.
Network components:
The HAN(Home Area
Network) and the WAN(Wide Area
Network) are the network
components.
8. SENSING AND
MEASUREMENT
Enhance power system measurement and
enable the transformation of data into
information.
Evaluate the health of equipment , the
integrity of the grid , and support
advanced protective relaying.
Enable consumer choice and demand
response.
9. SENSING AND
MEASUREMENT
Phasor measurement unit(PMU)
• Measure the electrical waves and determine the
health of the system.
• Increase the reliability by detecting faults early,
allowing for isolation of operative system, and the
prevention of power outputs.
10. COMMUNICATION AND
SECURITYHigh speed ,fully integrated , two-way
communication technologies that make the smart
grid a dynamic ,
interactive “MEGA
INFRASTRUCTURE”
for real-time data
and power exchange.
Security, reliability,
QOS(Quality of
services) includes in
the system.
11. GREEN ENERGIES IN SMART
GRID
Green energy play a major role in smart grid to
given the power without any obstacles.
When using the other source(non-renewable)can
interrupt the power supply .
12. ADVANTAGES OF SMART
GRID
Smart grid has improved operational efficiencies,
optimized voltage and automated “SELF HEALING”
distribution response.
Smart meter provides improved bill accuracy and
reduced customer calls.
Using smart meter
the connectivity
between the supplier
and user can be
determined.
13. SMART GRID IN
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
The smart grid has been gaining much interest in
developing countries like India, China and Brazil
because of its increased energy efficiency, stability,
security, economic improvements and reduced
environmental impacts.
INDIA: India has devised a scheme called
Restructured Accelerated Power Development and
Reforms Programme (R-APDRP) .
To address the upgrading of the Indian
transmission system to smart grids at an estimated
cost of $10 billion over five years.
14. DRAWBACKS OF SMART
GRID
It need continuous connectivity to data base.
Connecting solar and wind energy sources will not
result in continuous input supply. So we need more
number of renewable sources connected with a
smart grid.
As it is a network can spread malware it to infect
smart meters or data servers.
15. REFERENCE
Wang X and Yi P. Security framework for wireless communications in smart
distribution grid. IEEE Transactions on Smart.
Flick T and More house J. Securing the Smart Grid: Next Generation Power
Grid Security. Syngress, 2010.
Wei D, Lu Y, Jafari M, et al. An integrated security system of protecting smart
grid against cyber-attacks. In: Proc. of the IEEE PES Conference on
Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, 2014.
Aravinthan V, Namboodiri V, Sunku S and Jewell W. Wireless AMI application
and security for controlled home area.
Al-Omar B, Al-Ali AR, Ahmed R, et al. Role of information and
communication technologies in the smart grid. Journal of Emerging Trends in
Computing and Information Sciences, 2012.
Clements S and Kirkham H. Cyber-security considerations for the smart grid.
In: Proc of the IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2013.
16. CONCLUTION
Smart Grid provides intelligent, advanced power
control for the next century.
Many new technologies involve for supporting
sensing, controlling, human interfaces.
Charging electricity cost is fundamental
infrastructure can be implemented similar to stock
market in smart grid.