The document discusses slope stability and factors that influence it. It defines an unrestrained slope and describes different types of slope failures such as base failures and midpoint circle failures. Factors that influence slope stability include soil/rock strength, groundwater, external loading, and slope geometry. Slope failures can be triggered by erosion, rainfall, earthquakes, and construction activities. Methods to improve slope stability include flattening slopes, adding weight/retaining walls, lowering the water table, soil improvement. Stability analyses procedures include mass and slices methods. The factor of safety is defined and equations for infinite slope analysis with and without seepage are provided.
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
Bearing capacity of shallow foundations by abhishek sharma ABHISHEK SHARMA
elements you should know about bearing capacity of shallow foundations are included in it. various indian standards are also used. Bearing capacity theories by various researchers are also included. numericals from GATE CE and ESE CE are also included.
Geotechnical Engineering-II [Lec #19: General Bearing Capacity Equation]Muhammad Irfan
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
Bearing capacity of shallow foundations by abhishek sharma ABHISHEK SHARMA
elements you should know about bearing capacity of shallow foundations are included in it. various indian standards are also used. Bearing capacity theories by various researchers are also included. numericals from GATE CE and ESE CE are also included.
Geotechnical Engineering-II [Lec #19: General Bearing Capacity Equation]Muhammad Irfan
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
Slope stability analysis: The term slope means a portion of the natural slope whose original profile has been modified by artificial interventions relevant with respect to stability. The term landslide refers to a situation of instability affecting natural slopes and involving large volumes of soil.
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
Slope stability analysis: The term slope means a portion of the natural slope whose original profile has been modified by artificial interventions relevant with respect to stability. The term landslide refers to a situation of instability affecting natural slopes and involving large volumes of soil.
The extensive slide-pack starts with introducing physics and basics on geomechanics. A lot of stress and rock strength concepts are explored. Then it moves on to explain the importance of the discipline for drilling, injection, sanding. Apart from giving theory to understand more difficult content that follow, it throws in practical application and prepares good ground for further study of geomechanical literature.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
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Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
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• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
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• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
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Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
2. An exposed ground
surface that stands at
an angle with the
horizontal is called
unrestrained slope.
Slope failures cause
damage and loss of lives.
Need to check the shear
stress that can be develop
along the most likely
rupture surface with the
shear strength of the soil.
7. MODES OF FAILURE
When the surface of sliding intersects the slope
at or above its toe,
when the surface of sliding passes at some
distance below the toe of the slope,
the failure is called,
Slope of failure
base failure
midpoint circle
8. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE SLOPE STABILITY
Soil and rock strength
Discontinuities and planes of weakness
Groundwater and seepage
External loading
Slope geometry
9. TRIGGERING FACTORS (CAUSES OF SLOPE FAILURE)
erosion
Rainfall
Earthquakes
Geological factors
External loading
Construction activities
Increment of pore water pressure
Change in topography
10. METHODS TO IMPROVE AND PROTECT SLOPE
STABILITY
Slopes flattened or benched
Weight provided at toe
Lowering of groundwater table to reduce pore
water pressures in the slope
Use of driven / cast in place piles
Retaining wall or sheet piling provided to
increase resistance to sliding
Soil improvement
11. TYPES OF STABILITY ANALYSIS PROCEDURES
Mass Procedure – The mass of the soil above the
surface of sliding is taken as a unit.
Methods of Slices – The soil above the surface of
sliding is divided into a number of vertical parallel
slices.
o The stability of each slice is calculated separately.
o Non-homogeneity of the soils and pore water pressure
can be taken into consideration.
o It also accounts for the variation of the normal stress
along the potential failure surface.
13. Cohesion and Friction may be expressed as,
𝜏 𝑓 = 𝑐′ + 𝜎′𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛷′
Where:
c’ = cohesion
𝜱’ = angle of friction
𝝈’ = effective normal stress
We can also use,
𝜏 𝑑 = 𝑐′ 𝑑 + 𝜎′𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛷′ 𝑑
14. By substituting the equations,
𝐹. 𝑆. =
𝑐′ + 𝜎′𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛷′
𝑐′ 𝑑 + 𝜎′𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛷′ 𝑑
Factor of safety with respect to cohesion,
𝐹𝑆𝑐′ =
𝑐′
𝑐′ 𝑑
Factor of safety with respect to friction,
𝐹𝑆 𝛷′ =
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛷′
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛷′ 𝑑
15. When those three equations are compared,
Or,
𝐹𝑆 = 𝐹𝑆𝑐′ = 𝐹𝑆 𝛷′
When FS is equal to 1, the slope is in state of
impending failure.
A value of 1.5 for the FS with respect to
strength is acceptable for the design of a stable
slope.
𝑐′
𝑐′ 𝑑
=
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛷′
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛷′ 𝑑
19. What will be the factors of safety with respect to average shearing strength, cohesion and
internal friction of a soil, for which the shear strength parameters obtained from the laboratory
test are c´ = 32 kN/m2 and Ø´ = 18°, the expected parameters of mobilized shearing resistance
are c´α= 21 kN/m2 and Ø´α = 13° and the average effective pressure on the failure plane is 110
kN/m2 . For the same value of mobilized shearing resistance determine the following:
1. Factor of safety with respect to strength
2. Factor of safety with respect to friction when that with respect to cohesion is unity;
and
3. Factor of safety with respect to strength.
21. SOLUTION:
2. Factor of safety with respect to friction
FACTOR OF SAFETY =
tan Ø′
𝑡𝑎𝑛Øα
=
𝑡𝑎𝑛18°
𝑡𝑎𝑛13°
= 1.41
Factor of safety with respect to cohesion
FACTOR OF SAFETY =
𝑐′
𝑐 𝛼
=
32
21
= 1.52
22. SOLUTION:
3. Factor of safety with respect to height
FH = Fc Will be at FØ = 1.0
τα = 46.4 =
32
F 𝑐
+
110𝑡𝑎𝑛18°
1.0 , therefore F𝑐 =
32
46.4−35.8
= 3.0
Factor of safety with respect to friction at FØ = 1.0 is
τα = 46.4 =
32
1.0
+
110𝑡𝑎𝑛18°
FØ
, therefore, FØ =
35.8
46.4−32
= 2.49
Factor of safety with respect to strength Fs is obtained when FØ = Fc we may write;
τα = 46.4 =
32
Fs
+
110𝑡𝑎𝑛18°
Fs
, OR Fs = 1.46
23. An infinite slope is shown in the Figure. The shear strength parameters at the interface of soil and rock
are as follows:
Cohesion, c = 16 𝑘𝑁/𝑚²
Angle of shearing resistance, Ф = 25°
a. If H = 8m and β = 20°, find the factor of safety
against sliding on the rock surface. Assume no
seepage
b. If β = 30°, find the critical height H. assume no
seepage
c. If there were seepage through the soil, and the
groundwater table coincide with the ground
surface, and H = 5m, β = 20°, what would be the
factor of safety. Assume 𝜌𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 1900 𝑘𝑔/𝑚³
24. a. If H = 8m and β = 20°, find the factor of safety against sliding on the rock surface. Assume no seepage
𝐹. 𝑆. =
𝑐
𝛾𝐻 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝛽 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽
+
tan Ф
tan 𝛽
𝐹. 𝑆. =
16
18.639(8) 𝑐𝑜𝑠220 𝑡𝑎𝑛20
+
tan 25°
tan 20°
25. b. If β = 30°, find the critical height H. assume no seepage
𝐻 =
𝑐
𝛾
1
)𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝛽 (𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽 − tan Ф
𝐻 =
16
18.639
1
𝑐𝑜𝑠230° (tan )20° − tan 25°
26. c. If there were seepage through the soil, and the groundwater table coincide with the ground surface,
and H = 5m, β = 20°, what would be the factor of safety. Assume 𝜌𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 1900 𝑘𝑔/𝑚³
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 1900 𝑥 9.81 = 18, 639 𝑁 𝑚 ³
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 18.639 𝑘 𝑁 𝑚 ³
𝛾′
= 𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 − 𝛾 𝑤 = 18.639 − 9.81
𝛾′ = 8.829 𝑘 𝑁 𝑚 ³
𝐹. 𝑆. =
𝑐
𝛾𝐻 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝛽 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽
+
𝛾′
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡
tan Ф
tan 𝛽
𝐹. 𝑆. =
16
18.639(5) 𝑐𝑜𝑠220 𝑡𝑎𝑛20
+
8.829
18.639
tan 25°
tan 20°
27. REPORTERS:
Arellano, Raciel M.
Barcelon, Lennie A.
Cabico, Mary Joy S.
Diaz, Mary Jasmin W.
Garcia, Michelle A.
Llanos, Melody P.
Moreno, Rina M.
Poblete, Jewelette Anne U.
Policarpio, Shyne
Toquia, Rachel P.
Venturero, Alecxei T.
Villanueva, Alvin T.
28. REFERENCES:
Geotechnical Engineering by Braja M. Das
Fundamentals of Geotechnical Engineering
by DIT Gillesania
http://people.eng.unimelb.edu.au/stsy/geome
chanics_text/Ch11_Slope.pdf
http://web.itu.edu.tr/~teymurb/fe1lecture3.pdf