SLOPE 2nd workshop - presentation 4
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Researchers tested the durability of RFID UHF tags during timber harvesting operations. They applied two types of tags - Wintag Flexytag and Smartrac Shortdipole - using single or double stapling. The tags were applied to trees and logs in three sites undergoing cable yarding and tractor transport. They found an overall 97% survival rate for tags, with 91% surviving in the site with the steepest terrain. Tag survival was slightly lower for shortdipole tags stapled singly compared to tags stapled doubly or Wintag tags. The researchers concluded RFID tags can successfully endure forest operations and provide traceability, though visibility may decrease over longer transport distances.
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SLOPE 2nd workshop - presentation 3
1) Researchers evaluated RFID UHF tags for electronically marking standing trees by testing different tag models attached using screws, staples, or other methods. Tags attached using staples on the underside of bark performed best, with all tags still functioning after one year.
2) The study examined how factors like tag and reader position, moisture content, and dynamic reading influence RFID readability. Distance between tag and reader, moisture content, and angle had significant effects on readability, while tag position on or within the tree also impacted performance.
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The document discusses processor heads for logging machines and quality assessment of logs. Processor heads are used for felling, delimbing, and crosscutting trees. Sensors can measure diameter, length, and position. Marking and sorting by volume, length, and assortment allows for simplified logistics. Quality is assessed visually in the forest and with sensors in sawmills. A concept for an intelligent processor head includes sensors like NIR, hyperspectral imaging, RFID, and stress waves to interact with databases, measure loads and volumes, and provide full traceability and quality assessment of individual logs. RFID marking associates quality indexes to logs for full traceability of timber products.
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The document provides an overview of activities for piloting the SLOPE demonstrator. It summarizes preparations for demonstrators in Sover, Italy in spring 2016 and Annaberg, Austria in autumn 2016. It describes the survey site in Annaberg including the characteristics of the forest stand and outlines activities already performed at the site. It then presents prospective plans for the harvesting demo in Annaberg, including marking trees with RFIDs, felling, extracting and processing trees. An agreement with Austrian Federal Forests to support the demo is also summarized.
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1) Researchers evaluated RFID UHF tags for electronically marking standing trees by testing different tag models attached using screws, staples, or other methods. Tags attached using staples on the underside of bark performed best, with all tags still functioning after one year.
2) The study examined how factors like tag and reader position, moisture content, and dynamic reading influence RFID readability. Distance between tag and reader, moisture content, and angle had significant effects on readability, while tag position on or within the tree also impacted performance.
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The document discusses processor heads for logging machines and quality assessment of logs. Processor heads are used for felling, delimbing, and crosscutting trees. Sensors can measure diameter, length, and position. Marking and sorting by volume, length, and assortment allows for simplified logistics. Quality is assessed visually in the forest and with sensors in sawmills. A concept for an intelligent processor head includes sensors like NIR, hyperspectral imaging, RFID, and stress waves to interact with databases, measure loads and volumes, and provide full traceability and quality assessment of individual logs. RFID marking associates quality indexes to logs for full traceability of timber products.
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- Potential harvesting sites have been identified in Austria and Italy for demonstrating the SLOPE system.
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- Process/data flow charts will be created to visualize and compare the conventional and SLOPE timber supply chains. This will help identify strengths and risks of the new system.
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1) Identification of demonstration sites in Austria and Italy owned by forest enterprises where various harvesting operations will take place.
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3) A schedule showing the setup, transfer and installation of machines from July 2014-spring 2015 and a week-long demonstration period at each site involving felling, extracting, processing and transporting logs while using the SLOPE system.
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2nd Technical Meeting - WP4
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The document discusses a project that aims to develop an automated timber grading system using multiple sensors. The goals are to optimize log segregation, improve supply chain efficiency, and provide data to refine growth models. Sensors will assess quality indexes for properties like density, knots, and decay. Models will predict grade based on sensor data. A combined quality index will determine suitability for different end uses, integrating indexes from different sensors. The system will help match logs to their best uses and increase value recovered from forests.
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Project SLOPE is developing a forest information system to optimize timber harvesting and supply chain operations. The system will integrate real-time data on tree sizes, product distributions, and harvesting machine positions. It aims to develop modules for inventory data, real-time supply chain control, online purchasing and invoicing, and short and long-term optimization. Partners will utilize existing solutions like MHG Biomass Manager and develop new applications to track harvesting data, manage transportation logistics, and facilitate online commerce between producers and buyers. The system seeks to strengthen industry linkages and competitiveness through information sharing.
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The document summarizes progress on Work Package 7 of the Project SLOPE, which involves piloting the SLOPE harvesting system demonstrator. It provides details on:
1) Identification of demonstration sites in Austria and Italy owned by forest enterprises where various harvesting operations will take place.
2) Plans to collect data at the sites in spring 2015 through remote sensing, UAV footage, and terrestrial laser scanning in preparation for demonstrations.
3) A schedule showing the setup, transfer and installation of machines from July 2014-spring 2015 and a week-long demonstration period at each site involving felling, extracting, processing and transporting logs while using the SLOPE system.
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- A case study in Ireland using RapidEye satellite imagery to calculate NDVI, NDRE, and CCCI showed relationships between the indices and chlorophyll levels over time.
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Task 3.1 on intelligent tree marking has tested RFID tags on trees and developed a roadmap for the tagging process. Equipment for tagging and reading tags is available but the GPS capacity may need improvement.
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The document discusses a project that aims to develop an automated timber grading system using multiple sensors. The goals are to optimize log segregation, improve supply chain efficiency, and provide data to refine growth models. Sensors will assess quality indexes for properties like density, knots, and decay. Models will predict grade based on sensor data. A combined quality index will determine suitability for different end uses, integrating indexes from different sensors. The system will help match logs to their best uses and increase value recovered from forests.
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Work Package 4, Task 2 aims to evaluate near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy as a tool for determining log and biomass quality indices in mountain forests. The task leader CNR will coordinate partners to collect NIR spectra at different stages of the harvesting chain and develop guidelines for proper data collection. CNR will also develop a "NIR quality index" and evaluate NIR spectroscopy for characterizing forest resources. Partners BOKU, KESLA, GREIFENBERG, and FLYBY will support CNR by providing laboratory measurements, spectra collection in the field, and calibration transfers between lab and portable equipment. The task will establish chemometric models to predict quality indicators from spectra and classify logs based on quality.
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- 1. Survival test of RFID UHF tags in timber harvesting operations Gianni Picchi CNR-IVALSA, Italy Martin Kühmaier BOKU, Austria Juan De Dios Diaz ITENE, Spain FORMEC 2015 Linz 4-7 October
- 2. Rationale of the research RFID for data transmission and traceability tool in forest operations Can they endure forest hauling and logistics? Which factors are most crucial for their survival? Are remedial actions possible? FORMEC 2015 Linz 4-7 October
- 3. Materials RFID tag model Overall size Reading range(2 W) Weight Unit mm m g Wintag Flexytag UHF D7040S 64 x 45 2-3 4.9 Smartrac Shortdipole 120 x 25 10 1.1 •2 RFID UHF tag models •Wintag •Smartrack •2 stapling modality • single staple • double staple FORMEC 2015 Linz 4-7 October WD SD SD Wintag, Double stapling Shortdipole, Double stapling Shortdipole, Single stapling Manual RFID UHF reader CAEN qID R1240I Android interface Potential read range 80 cm, actual read range 40 cm
- 4. Methods FORMEC 2015 Linz 4-7 October Measured parameters Unit Description Tree/log parameters Maximum diameter cm Tags were applied at the butt of the felled tree or at the main diameter side of logs and the corresponding diameter measured. If this was not accessible measurement and tag application was performed on the minor diameter side. Length m Measured or estimated Species descriptor The tree species were noted Type of section descriptor - Log (processed) - Top (with branches) - Whole tree Load parameters Chocker position descriptor - Top of the tree or minor diameter of the log/tree section - Butt of the tree or main diameter of the log/tree section Hauling distance m Distance travelled by the carriage loaded Concentration distance m Distance from the original position to the vertical of the carriage Type of load descriptor - Single item per load - Multiple item per load (two or more trees, sections or logs) Electronic marking parameters Tag type descriptor - WD, Flexytag fixed with two staples - SD, Shortdipole fixed with two staples - SS, Shortdipole fixed with one staple In forest: • tree marking • parameters recording At landing: • electronic check • visual control
- 5. Areas – hauling operations Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Area Firenzuola (Firenze) Montepiano (Prato) Firenzuola (Firenze) Altitude above sea level (m) 953 843 1079 Average slope (%) 35-45 30-40 40-50 Average mainline height (m) 12 6-8 14 Direction of extraction uphill uphill downhill Average extraction distance (m) 185 235 215 Average concentration length (m) 12.3 15.4 12.6 Average log/tree diameter (cm) 41 37 42 Main species Abies alba Pinus nigra Abies alba Maximum log/tree diameter (cm) 56 57 80 Two forest companies Storm damaged stands FORMEC 2015 Linz 4-7 October
- 6. Transport FORMEC 2015 Linz 4-7 October Site 1 • 300 m extraction • 7 round trips • 198 logs (86 marked) • Unloading by tilting
- 7. Results Electronic/visual control Just visual control Cable yarding RFID tag type Marked Operative Removed Destroyed Not damaged Not visible Site 1 SS 19 16 0 0 3 - DS 23 20 0 0 3 - Site 2 DW 16 16 0 0 - - SS 19 19 0 0 - - DS 18 18 0 0 - - Site 3 DW 15 14 1 0 - - SS 23 21 2 0 - - DS 20 18 2 0 - - TOTAL 153 142 5 0 6 - Tractor transport SS 44 32 0 0 8 4 DS 42 31 0 0 8 3 TOTAL 86 63 0 0 16 7 Hauling 97% overall survival rate 91% in Site 3 combination of chocker position and terrain profile Logistics operations 73% verified by reader 92% verified total 8 % not visible FORMEC 2015 Linz 4-7 October
- 8. Thank you! FORMEC 2015 Linz 4-7 October Juan de Dios Diaz – juan.diaz@itene.com Martin Kühmaier – martin.kuehmaier@boku.ac.at Gianni Picchi – picchi@ivalsa.cnr.it