The document discusses various topics related to sleep including sleep cycles, sleep stages, sleep needs, sleep disorders, and dreams. The sleep cycle is regulated by the circadian rhythm and follows a roughly 25 hour pattern. There are 5 stages of sleep including light, deep, and REM sleep. Common sleep disorders include insomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and sleepwalking. Dreams occur during REM sleep and theories suggest dreams help with memory and process emotions.

1. Sleep Needs/Cycle
Landon Howard

2. Sleep Cycle
 Part of the cycle of sleep and waking.
 Circadian Rhythm: naturally
occurring 24-hr cycle.
 Rest-activity of actually 25.1 hours.
 Stay up longer, sleep in less.
 Electrical activity in the brain
 Higher-frequency when awake
 Lower-frequency when relaxed

3. Sleep Stages
 Stage 1: Drifting into sleep. “Trying”
to sleep.
 Stage 2: Light Sleep. Lose
awareness.
 Stage 3: Starting to fall into Deep
Sleep.
 Stage 4: Deep Sleep.
 REM Stage: Rapid Eye Movement.
Dreaming.

4. EEG Patterns
 Electroencephalograph (Measures
electrical impulses produced by the
brain’s activity)

5. Sleep Needs
 Varies depending on the age group.
 Sleep helps with learning.
 Sleep Deprivation.

6. Test Question
 T/F: It is healthy for the average adult
to only get 5 hours of sleep a night.

8. Insomnia
 Difficulty falling asleep or staying
asleep

9.  15% of adults complain of severe insomnia
 15% report mild or occasional insomnia
 Causes for insomnia include: anxiety, stress,
emotional difficulties
 Some things to help with insomnia are better
sleep habits, using relaxation techniques
 One solution to help insomnia is give up the
pursuit of sleep and find something to do
 Sedatives such as sleeping pills can be helpful
but they can be addicting and people become
dependent on them
 Sleeping pills can also interfere with your normal
sleep cycle and have side effects such as
grogginess and irritability

10. Sleep Apnea
 Disorder in which the person stops
breathing for brief periods while asleep

11.  Person with apnea usually snores, as apnea
involves an involuntary obstruction of the
breathing passage
 When apnea occurs over 10 seconds at a time a
person may awaken and have sleep loss or
insomnia
 Sleep apnea most often occurs in middle-aged
men who are overweight
 Sleep apnea can go undiagnosed because it is
not easy for a sleeper to notice
 To detect sleep apnea usually the sleeper’s bed
partner will get tired of the snoring and awaken
the sleeper
 Some cures for sleep apnea are weight loss,
drugs, or surgery

12. Somnambulism
 When a person arises and walks around
while sleeping, also known as
sleepwalking

13.  Sleepwalking is more common in children
around the ages of 11 or 12, with as many
as 25% experiencing at least one episode
 Sleepwalking tends to happen early in the
night, usually in slow-wave sleep.
Sleepwalkers may awaken during their
walk or return to bed without waking, in
which case they won’t remember anything
in the morning
 Sleepwalkers can hurt themselves by
tripping over furniture or falling down the
stairs
 Contrary to popular belief it is safe to

14. Narcolepsy
 Disorder in which sudden sleep
attacks occur in the middle of waking
activities

15.  Narcolepsy involves the intrusion of a
dreaming state of sleep (REM) into
waking and it often accompanied by
excessive sleepiness and incontrollable
sleep attacks lasting from 30 seconds
to 30 minutes
 Narcolepsy is a less common sleep
disorder
 The disorder appears to have a genetic
basis, as it runs in families
 Narcolepsy can be treated with
medication

16. Sleep Paralysis
 The experience of waking up unable
to move or speak for a few minutes

17.  This eerie feeling only lasts for a few
moments and may occur with an
experience of pressure on the chest
 Is sometimes associated with
narcolepsy

18. Night Terrors
 Abrupt awakenings with panic and
intense emotional arousal

19.  Mostly occurs with boys ages 3 to 7
 Night terrors usually doesn’t have dream
content the sleeper can report
 Night terrors usually occur within the first
few hours of sleep, whereas nightmares
occur towards the end of the night or
early morning hours
 Night terrors occur during non-REM sleep
and nightmares occur during the REM of
sleep

20. Test Question
 What is the sleep disorder in which
sudden sleep attacks occur in the
middle of wakening activities?

21. Dreams
By Celeste Madsen

22. The Mind
 dreams are a result of activities
taking place in the brain.
 Scientist have found that the brain
gives off electromagnetic waves
while you dream.
 During the period while the
electromagnetic waves are fast your
eyes are moving rapidly
 Sometimes while dreaming you
cannot move your body, this period is
called REM

23. Mind
 Scientist believe that dreaming sleep
has a role in restoring the brain's
ability to handle such tasks as
focused attention, memory, and
learning. Also a person's hidden
feelings often surface in dreams

24. Brain Waves:

25. Tips to avoid nightmares
and to get a good nights
sleep:
 Sleep schedule
 Avoid caffeine
 Exercise
 Don’t lie awake in bed
 Control temperature

26. what you can do?
 Before you go to bed: write down the
date and what events happened that
day (journal)
 If you wake up in the middle of the
night: try to recall if you had any
dreams and write them down
 When you wake up in the morning:
write down how many hours you
slept, and if you are still tired or if
you feel well rested, and try and
recall any dreams that you had

27. Dream Questions:
 Do your dreams relate to what you
did the day before?
 As you start writing down your
dreams do they become able to
recall?

28. “dreaming permits each and every one of
us to be quietly and safely insane every
night of our lives.” –William C. Dement
 Sometimes known as the “father of
sleep medicine”
 Is a US sleep researcher
 Founded the worlds first sleep
laboratory which is found at Stanford
university
 Studies sleep deprivation and
treatment of sleep disorders.

29. The five characteristics of
dream consciousness
 1. Feel emotion (fear, happiness,
love)
 2. be in one place and then in another
with out any travel
 3. still have sensation (vision)
 4. uncritical acceptance (normal)
 5.difficulty remembering

30. Nightmares
 An average college student has about
24 nightmares a year.
 Some people have nightmares as
often as once a night
 Children have more nightmares than
adults
 People who have experienced
traumatic events are more likely to
have nightmares than people that
don’t

31. Dreams
 “Day residue”- where a current
problem pops into the dream
 Dreams pull images from your
everyday life to make them seem
more surreal, and also images from
your past.

32. Dream Theories
 In the first psychological theory of
dreams Sigmund Freud he proposed
that dreams were confusing and
obscure because the dynamic
unconscious creates them to be.
 In his theory's dreams represent
wishes and some only express them
in disguised form.

33. example
 For Freud's theory in the book it
gives an example on page 250:
 A dream about a tree burning down in
the park across the street from where
a friend once lived might represent a
camouflaged wish for the death of
the friend. Though wishing for the
death of a friend is unacceptable, so
it is disguised as a tree on fire.

34.  Not all dreams represent hidden
wishes, but some are suppressed
thoughts and some are feeling that
you may have been hiding or
sometimes feelings that you did not
necessarily have.

35. Activations Synthesis
Model
This is the theory that dreams are
produced when the mind attempts to
make sense of random neural activity
that occurs in the brain during sleep.

36. Different types of
dreaming
 Day dreaming: you are awake, may be
when bored or tired
 Lucid dreaming: when you realize you are
dreaming and can change the dream to
what you like
 Recurring dreams: when you get the
same dream many different times
 Prophetic dreams: dreams that happen in
real life, that tell the future
 Signal dreams:
 Epic dreams: when you wake up you feel
like you have realized something, also
known as life changing dreams
 Progressive dreams: help you face a fear
or problem
 Mutual dreams: when you and someone
else have the same dream

37. Dreams Meaning:
 Running away from something or
someone: you need to face
something.. Try turning around and
asking them why they are chasing
you.
 Falling: you are afraid of something
and are afraid of failing, or paranoid.
 Teeth falling out: you are self
conscious, afraid of what someone
might think of you