Skul an bone / dental implant courses by Indian dental academy

CONTENTSCONTENTS1. Introduction
2. Terminologies – Anatomical cuts and planes
- Bone?
- Skull, cranium and calvaria
3. Classification of skull and facial bones
4. Joints of skull
5. Anatomical position of skull
6. Exterior of skull
a. Norma Verticalis
b. Norma Occipitalis
c. Norma Frontalis
d. Norma Lateralis
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e. Norma Basalis
- Anterior part
- Middle part
- Posterior part
f. Foramina and structure passing through them
7. Interior of skull
a. Anterior cranial fossa
b. Middle cranial fossa
c. Posterior cranial fossa
8. Individual bones of skull
a. Frontal
b. Occipital
c. Ethmoid
d. Sphenoid
e. Temporal

9. Individual bones of face
a. Mandible
b. Maxilla
c. Vomer
d. Zygomatic
e. Nasal
f. Lacrimal
g. Palatine
10. Sexual Dimorphism and age changes
11. Fetal skull
12. Fracture of cranial base
13. Structure of bone to receive implants

TerminologiesTerminologies
Anatomical cuts &Anatomical cuts &
planesplanes
Median planeMedian plane
Sagittal planeSagittal plane
Coronal planeCoronal plane
Transverse/HorizontalTransverse/Horizontal
planeplane
Oblique planeOblique plane
Cross sectionCross section
Longitudinal sectionLongitudinal section

Bone
• It is a living tissue consisting of cells or
osteoblasts which give rise to osteocytes within
an organic framework or matrix.
• Function-
– Support
– Movement
– Protection
– Heamopiosis
– Storage.
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Introduction to Skull & Face
• Skull
• Calvaria
• Cranium
• Bones of Skull- 22
bones
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m

Bones of SkullBones of Skull
Bones of skull
Calvaria Facial
Paired Paired Unpaired
Mandible
Vomer
Maxilla
Zygomatic
Nasal
lacrimal
Palatine
Inferior nasal concha
Unpaired
Parietal
Temporal
Frontal
Occipital
Sphenoid
Ethmoid

•Joints of skullJoints of skull
•Anatomical position of skullAnatomical position of skull
•Reid’s Base line-Reid’s Base line- is a horizontal line formed by joining theis a horizontal line formed by joining the
infraorbital margin to the centre of the external acousticinfraorbital margin to the centre of the external acoustic
meatus.meatus.
•Frankfurt’s horizontal plane-Frankfurt’s horizontal plane- obtained by joining theobtained by joining the
infraorbital margin to the upper margin of the externalinfraorbital margin to the upper margin of the external
acoustic meatus.acoustic meatus. www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com

•Norma VerticalisNorma Verticalis
–Bones visible from thisBones visible from this
aspect.aspect.
–Sutures presentSutures present
–BregmaBregma
–LambdaLambda
–Parietal foramenParietal foramen
–ObelionObelion
EXTERIOR OF SKULLEXTERIOR OF SKULL

•Norma OccipitalisNorma Occipitalis
–Bones visibleBones visible
–External OccipitalExternal Occipital
protuberance- Inionprotuberance- Inion
–Nuchal linesNuchal lines
–OcciputOcciput

•Norma FrontalisNorma Frontalis
–Bones visibleBones visible
–Orbital openingsOrbital openings
–GlabellaGlabella

• Norma LateralisNorma Lateralis
– Bones presentBones present
– Temporal linesTemporal lines
– Zygomatic ArchZygomatic Arch
– External acousticExternal acoustic
meatusmeatus
– AsterionAsterion
– PterionPterion
– Temporal fossaTemporal fossa

TMJ ( cranio-TMJ ( cranio-
mandibular)mandibular)
Articulation is in b/w…Articulation is in b/w…
-Maxillary & Mandibular teethMaxillary & Mandibular teeth
-Mandibular Condyle &Mandibular Condyle &
Temporal boneTemporal bone
Mandibular fossa &Mandibular fossa &
articular eminencearticular eminence
-Present on base of skull & isPresent on base of skull & is
the feature of Rt/Lt. temporalthe feature of Rt/Lt. temporal
bonesbones
Dislocation of TMJDislocation of TMJ

• Norma Basalis
– Anterior part
• Hard palate
– Sutures present
– Bones involved
– Foraminas
• Alveolar arches
– Middle part
• Extensions
• Vomer
• Pterigoid plate
• Sphenoid bone
• Foraminas
– Posterior part
• Medial part
• Foramen Magnum
• Lateral part
• Canals & foramens

Structures passing through someStructures passing through some
important foraminaimportant foramina

•IntroductionIntroduction
•This aspect is divided intoThis aspect is divided into
–AnteriorAnterior
–MiddleMiddle
–Posterior cranial fossaPosterior cranial fossa
Interior of skullInterior of skull

•BoundariesBoundaries
•MarginsMargins
–AnteriorAnterior
–PosteriorPosterior
•Applied AnatomyApplied Anatomy
Anterior cranial fossaAnterior cranial fossa

•Sphenoidal foramensSphenoidal foramens
•Applied AnatomyApplied Anatomy
Middle cranialMiddle cranial fossafossa

•Foramen MagnumForamen Magnum
•Lateral viewLateral view
•Applied anatomyApplied anatomy
PosteriorPosterior Cranial fossaCranial fossa

Individual bones of skullIndividual bones of skull
Frontal boneFrontal bone

PartsParts

Anatomic positionAnatomic position

SurfacesSurfaces

Frontal tuberosityFrontal tuberosity

AspectsAspects

Internal surfaceInternal surface

VariationsVariations

Occipital boneOccipital bone
 PartsParts
 Anatomic positionAnatomic position
 Internal surfaceInternal surface
 VariationsVariations

Ethmoid boneEthmoid bone
Is a pneumatic boneIs a pneumatic bone
w/c plays role in thew/c plays role in the
formation of:-formation of:-

PartsParts
Cribriform plateCribriform plate
Crista galliCrista galli
Perpendicular platePerpendicular plate

SphenoidSphenoid BoneBone
 PartsParts
 BodyBody
 Superior/cerebral surfaceSuperior/cerebral surface
 Sulcus chiasmatusSulcus chiasmatus
 Posterior surfacePosterior surface
 Sella TurcicaSella Turcica
 2 Pairs of wings2 Pairs of wings
 Greater wingGreater wing
 Cerebral surfaceCerebral surface
 F. OvaleF. Ovale
 F. rotundumF. rotundum
 Sphenoidal foramenSphenoidal foramen
 Lesser wingLesser wing
 SurfacesSurfaces
 BordersBorders
 Pterygoid platePterygoid plate
 Pterygoid hamulusPterygoid hamulus

Temporal boneTemporal bone
 PartsParts
 SquamousSquamous
 PetrousPetrous
 TymapanicTymapanic
 StyloidStyloid

Parietal BoneParietal Bone
 SurfacesSurfaces
 BordersBorders
 Parietal tuberosityParietal tuberosity
 Temporal linesTemporal lines
 Parietal foramenParietal foramen
 Internal surfaceInternal surface

MandibleMandible
► IntroductionIntroduction
► BodyBody
► Medial surfaceMedial surface
► ForamensForamens

Mandible - Cont’d

Maxilla
• Nasal surface
• Palatine process
• Alveolar process
• Piriform aperture
• Infra-temporal surface
• Postero-lateral margin
• Incisive fossa
• Variations

ZYGOMATIC BONE
• INTRODUCTION
– Surfaces
– Foramens

VOMER
• INTRODUCTION
• BORDERS

NASAL BONE
• INTRODUCTION
• BORDERS
• VARIATIONS

LACRIMAL
• INTRODUCTION
• VARIATIONS

PALATINE BONES
• HORIZONTAL
PLATE
• PERPENDICULAR
PLATE

Sexual dimorphism & Age changes
• Sexual dimorphism
• Age changes
– In infants & children
– In adults
– In old age

FetalFetal skullskull

 Types of bonesTypes of bones
 CorticalCortical
 Trabecular boneTrabecular bone
 Bone classificationBone classification
 Acc to LinkAcc to Link
 Misch’s clasificationMisch’s clasification
 Branemark boneBranemark bone
analysisanalysis
Structure ofStructure of bones to receive Implantsbones to receive Implants

Skul an bone / dental implant courses by Indian dental academy

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