Sizwe womens wellbeing pregnancy module 7
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A healthy pregnancy diet should include 340 to 450 additional calories per day from complex carbohydrates, protein, vegetables, fruits, grains, legumes, and healthy fats. It is important to avoid alcohol, caffeine, raw meats and seafood, and high mercury fish. The diet should include at least three different food groups at each meal to get all necessary nutrients. Common food cravings during pregnancy include chocolate, spicy foods, fruits, and comfort foods, while some women experience aversions to foods they should be eating.
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A healthy diet involves choosing appropriate amounts of foods from the five main food groups: carbohydrates, protein, fruits and vegetables, dairy, and foods containing fat and sugar. Consuming a variety of foods from each group helps reduce disease risk and promotes health. Diet refers to both the types of foods consumed and the quantities eaten. Nutrition involves ingesting, digesting, absorbing and assimilating food to support growth, repair and body maintenance. A balanced diet means eating a variety of foods from all groups in proper proportions to get needed nutrients.
Nutriton 1
This document discusses nutrition and nutritional needs. It covers macronutrients like proteins, fats, and carbohydrates as well as micronutrients like vitamins and minerals. Key points include: our bodies are made up of what we eat; a balanced diet with sufficient nutrients is important for health; protein, fat, and carb needs vary by age, gender, and activity level; and both under-eating and over-eating can lead to health issues. Overall nutrition and making good dietary choices are emphasized for long term wellness.
Balance diet
A balanced diet provides all essential nutrients in required amounts for body maintenance, growth, and regulation of processes. It contains enough fiber, nutrients, energy, and water. A balanced diet is important for physical and mental health, maintaining a healthy weight, and preventing diseases. Objectives of a balanced diet include achieving energy balance, limiting saturated fats and simple sugars, and including vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and proteins. The balanced diet plan emphasizes vegetables, fruits, dairy, grains and cereals, and other protein sources like fish, nuts, and legumes. Recommended dietary allowances provide guidelines for essential nutrient intake based on factors like age, sex, activity level, and lifestyle.
111Lifestyle & balanced diet .pptx
A healthy lifestyle involves balance across nutrition, physical activity, sleep, and stress management. A balanced diet provides carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Carbohydrates should make up 50-60% of calories from whole grains and fruits/veggies. Proteins are important for growth and should make up 10-15% of calories from plant and animal sources. Fats provide energy and should account for 20-30% of calories. Five servings of fruits and veggies daily provide antioxidants, fiber, and phytochemicals. Regular exercise, limiting junk food and alcohol, staying hydrated, and getting enough sleep also contribute to a healthy lifestyle. Balance across food groups and activities is key to health and well
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EVDS - User Training Session
The document provides an overview of an Electronic Vaccine Data System (EVDS) that has been developed to collect and provide patient, health establishment, vaccine, and safety information for monitoring vaccine uptake, coverage, and effectiveness studies. The EVDS will leverage existing systems and must support the collection of demographic information, doses received, health establishment, vaccine details, and adverse event reporting. It will allow for preregistration of health care workers and other recipients, with data prepopulated from existing databases. Vaccinators must be able to see dose details. The system will also link to laboratories to monitor effectiveness and include adverse event monitoring and reminder functions. Training objectives are listed to instruct vaccinators and administrators on using the system.
Gems cholesterol reference
This document provides references for information related to heart health. It lists organizations like the Heart and Stroke Foundation South Africa and resources from Mayo Clinic on maintaining a healthy heart. The document expresses gratitude to readers at its conclusion.
Gems cholesterol module 9
Cholesterol screenings are available once per year at no additional cost for all beneficiaries aged 20 years and older as part of preventative benefits. Screenings can be accessed through onsite events scheduled by managers or via tariff codes at clinics and pharmacies.
Gems cholesterol module 8
Statins are the primary medication used to lower cholesterol and work by blocking cholesterol production in the liver. Other medications include bile acid sequestrants which bind bile acids in the digestive system, forcing the liver to use cholesterol to make more bile acids, and cholesterol absorption inhibitors which limit the absorption of dietary cholesterol. For people who cannot tolerate statins or who have very high cholesterol levels, newer injectable PCSK9 inhibitors can help lower LDL cholesterol. Additional medications may be prescribed for high triglycerides including fibrates to reduce triglyceride production and niacin, though it has risks. Omega-3 fatty acid supplements can also help lower triglycerides when prescribed by a doctor.
Gems cholesterol module 7
Normal cholesterol levels are: total cholesterol less than 5 mmol/L, LDL cholesterol less than 3 mmol/L, HDL cholesterol more than 1.2 mmol/L for women or 1.0 mmol/L for men, and fasting triglyceride levels less than 1.7 mmol/L. The document provides guidelines for normal cholesterol levels, including total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides.
Gems cholesterol module 5
People can reduce their cholesterol and maintain a healthy level through lifestyle changes like eating a heart-healthy diet, exercising regularly for 30 minutes most days, avoiding smoking and limiting alcohol, losing weight and managing stress. Making these lifestyle changes will decrease the risk of heart disease and heart attack.
Gems cholesterol module 6
A blood test called a lipid panel checks four measures of cholesterol and fats: total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. For the most accurate results, patients should fast for 8 to 12 hours before the blood sample is taken, drinking only water during that time. The lipid panel screening provides key health information about cholesterol and fat levels in the blood.
Gems cholesterol module 4
High cholesterol can lead to a build-up of plaque in the arteries called atherosclerosis, which narrows and hardens arteries. This plaque can reduce blood flow and lead to complications like chest pain if the coronary arteries are affected, a heart attack if blood flow to the heart is completely blocked, or a stroke if a blood clot blocks blood flow to the brain.
Gems cholesterol module 2
Inactivity, obesity, and an unhealthy diet can cause high cholesterol and low HDL cholesterol as these are factors within an individual's control. Genetic makeup may contribute to high cholesterol beyond one's control by making cells less efficient at removing LDL cholesterol or causing the liver to overproduce cholesterol.
Gems cholesterol module 3
Eating saturated and trans fats found in animal products and processed foods, as well as foods high in cholesterol like red meat and full-fat dairy, can raise cholesterol levels. Lack of exercise and obesity increase risk of high cholesterol, while exercise boosts good cholesterol and improves cholesterol particles. Smoking damages blood vessels and may lower good cholesterol, putting one at risk. Age, diabetes, and high blood sugar also increase cholesterol risks as the body changes over time.
Gems cholesterol module 2
Inactivity, obesity, and an unhealthy diet can cause high cholesterol and low HDL cholesterol as these are factors within an individual's control. Genetic makeup may contribute to high cholesterol beyond one's control by making cells less efficient at removing LDL cholesterol or causing the liver to overproduce cholesterol.
Gems cholesterol introduction
Cholesterol is essential for the body's functions but too much can increase heart disease risk. There are two types - LDL or "bad" cholesterol which raises risk when too high, and HDL or "good" cholesterol which helps remove LDL. High cholesterol can be inherited but is often caused by unhealthy lifestyle choices like diet and exercise habits, making it preventable and treatable through diet, exercise, and sometimes medication.
Module 1 lesson 6 adrm and cnbr (mco)
To be able to address all customers, within your own environment, on the roles and functions of each service provider within the GEMS network.
Gems TB reference
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that usually affects the lungs. It is caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The World Health Organization provides resources on TB prevention, testing, treatment and care that focus on a patient-centered approach integrating HIV and TB services.
Gems TB module 7
Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a form of TB caused by bacteria that do not respond to the two most powerful first-line anti-TB drugs. It develops when TB medicines are used inappropriately or treatment is stopped prematurely. MDR-TB can be treated with second-line drugs over two years, but these are more expensive and toxic. Some cases become extensively drug-resistant TB which leaves few treatment options. All African countries except Seychelles have reported cases of MDR-TB, and 13 have reported extensively drug-resistant TB, but the diagnosis and treatment gap remains large.
Gems TB module 6
34% of people living with HIV in the African Region were infected with TB in 2016. HIV greatly increases the risk of developing active TB disease, and the two diseases form a lethal combination that accelerates the other's progression. In 2016, 320,000 people in Africa died from HIV-associated TB. WHO recommends a 12 part approach including prevention and treatment actions to reduce deaths from the deadly combination of HIV and TB.
Gems TB module 5
The document discusses two types of tests that can detect tuberculosis (TB) infection: the Mantoux tuberculin skin test and the TB blood test. The Mantoux test involves injecting tuberculin fluid into the arm and checking for a reaction 2-3 days later. The TB blood test measures the immune system's response to the TB germs.
Gems TB module 4
1. The document discusses treating exposure and infection from tuberculosis (TB). If exposed to someone with latent TB infection, testing is not needed as the person cannot spread the infection. However, testing is recommended if exposed to someone with active TB disease or symptoms of TB.
2. A positive TB infection test only indicates exposure to the bacteria, not active TB disease, which requires further tests like a chest x-ray and sputum sample. Treatment for latent TB infection may be recommended for those at higher risk of developing active TB disease, such as people with HIV or recent exposure.
3. Active TB disease is treated with multiple drugs over 6-12 months, and it is important to take the full course as prescribed
Gems TB module 3
Tuberculosis is spread through the air from one person to another. When someone with active TB disease of the lungs or throat coughs, sneezes, speaks, or sings, they expel infectious respiratory fluids into the air. If another person inhales these fluids, they may become infected with the TB bacteria.
Gems TB module 2
TB germs are spread through the air when a person with active TB disease of the lungs or throat coughs, sneezes, speaks, or sings. These germs can remain in the air for several hours and be breathed in, causing a latent TB infection. People with latent TB have TB germs in their body but are not sick, while those with active TB disease are sick from multiplying germs destroying tissue and usually have symptoms. Treatment is prescribed to those with latent TB to prevent future disease and those with active TB disease to cure the illness and stop spread.
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"Market Research it too text-booky, I am in the market for a decade, I am living research book" this is what the founder I met on the event claimed, few of my colleagues rolled their eyes. Its true that one cannot over look the real life experience, but one cannot out beat structured gold mine of market research.
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Example of Market Research working
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Identifying Pain Points: Innovaccer surveyed healthcare providers to understand their difficulties with data integration, care coordination, and patient engagement. They found widespread frustration with siloed systems and inefficient workflows.
Competitive Analysis: Analyzed competitors offering similar solutions in healthcare analytics and interoperability. Identified gaps in comprehensive data aggregation, real-time analytics, and actionable insights.
Regulatory Compliance: Ensured their platform complied with HIPAA and other healthcare data privacy regulations. This compliance was crucial to gaining trust from healthcare providers wary of data security issues.
Customer Validation: Conducted pilot programs with several healthcare organizations to validate the platform's effectiveness in improving care outcomes and operational efficiency. Gathered feedback to refine features and user interface.
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Health Tech Market Intelligence Prelim Questions -
The Ultimate Guide to Setting up Market Research in Health Tech part -1
How to effectively start market research in the health tech industry by defining objectives, crafting problem statements, selecting methods, identifying data collection sources, and setting clear timelines. This guide covers all the preliminary steps needed to lay a strong foundation for your research.
This lays foundation of scoping research project what are the
Before embarking on a research project, especially one aimed at scoping and defining parameters like the one described for health tech IT, several crucial considerations should be addressed. Here’s a comprehensive guide covering key aspects to ensure a well-structured and successful research initiative:
1. Define Research Objectives and Scope
Clear Objectives: Define specific goals such as understanding market needs, identifying new opportunities, assessing risks, or refining pricing strategies.
Scope Definition: Clearly outline the boundaries of the research in terms of geographical focus, target demographics (e.g., age, socio-economic status), and industry sectors (e.g., healthcare IT).
3. Review Existing Literature and Resources
Literature Review: Conduct a thorough review of existing research, market reports, and relevant literature to build foundational knowledge.
Gap Analysis: Identify gaps in existing knowledge or areas where further exploration is needed.
4. Select Research Methodology and Tools
Methodological Approach: Choose appropriate research methods such as surveys, interviews, focus groups, or data analytics.
Tools and Resources: Select tools like Google Forms for surveys, analytics platforms (e.g., SimilarWeb, Statista), and expert consultations.
5. Ethical Considerations and Compliance
Ethical Approval: Ensure compliance with ethical guidelines for research involving human subjects.
Data Privacy: Implement measures to protect participant confidentiality and adhere to data protection regulations (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA).
6. Budget and Resource Allocation
Resource Planning: Allocate resources including time, budget, and personnel required for each phase of the research.
Contingency Planning: Anticipate and plan for unforeseen challenges or adjustments to the research plan.
7. Develop Research Instruments
Survey Design: Create well-structured surveys using tools like Google Forms to gather quantitative data.
Interview and Focus Group Guides: Prepare detailed scripts and discussion points for qualitative data collection.
8. Sampling Strategy
Sampling Design: Define the sampling frame, size, and method (e.g., random sampling, stratified sampling) to ensure representation of target demographics.
Participant Recruitment: Plan recruitment strategies to reach and engage the intended participant groups effectively.
9. Data Collection and Analysis Plan
Data Collection: Implement methods for data gathering, ensuring consistency and validity.
Analysis Techniques: Decide on analytical approaches (e.g., statistical
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Electrocardiogram_20240614_173859_0000.pdf
Basics of Electrocardiogram
CONTENTS
●Conduction System of the Heart
●What is ECG or EKG?
●ECG Leads
●Normal waves of ECG.
●Dimensions of ECG.
● Abnormalities of ECG
CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART
ECG:
●ECG is a graphic record of the electrical activity of the heart.
●Electrical activity precedes the mechanical activity of the heart.
●Electrical activity has two phases:
Depolarization- contraction of muscle
Repolarization- relaxation of muscle
ECG Leads:
●6 Chest leads
●6 Limb leads
1. Bipolar Limb Leads:
Lead 1- Between right arm(-ve) and left arm(+ve)
Lead 2- Between right arm(-ve) and left leg(+ve)
Lead 3- Between left arm(-ve)
and left leg(+ve)
2. Augmented unipolar Limb Leads:
AvR- Right arm
AvL- Left arm
AvF- Left leg
3.Chest Leads:
V1 : Over 4th intercostal
space near right sternal margin
V2: Over 4th intercostal space near left sternal margin
V3:In between V2 and V4
V4:Over left 5th intercostal space on the mid
clavicular line
V5:Over left 5th intercostal space on the anterior
axillary line
V6:Over left 5th intercostal space on the mid
axillary line.
Normal ECG:
Waves of ECG:
P Wave
•P Wave is a positive wave and the first wave in ECG.
•It is also called as atrial complex.
Cause: Atrial depolarisation
Duration: 0.1 sec
QRS Complex:
•QRS’ complex is also called the initial ventricular complex.
•‘Q’ wave is a small negative wave. It is continued as the tall ‘R’ wave, which is a positive wave.
‘R’ wave is followed by a small negative wave, the ‘S’ wave.
Cause:Ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization
Duration: 0.08- 0.10 sec
T Wave:
•‘T’ wave is the final ventricular complex and is a positive wave.
Cause:Ventricular repolarization Duration: 0.2 sec
Intervals and Segments of ECG:
P-R Interval:
•‘P-R’ interval is the interval
between the onset of ‘P’wave and onset of ‘Q’ wave.
•‘P-R’ interval cause atrial depolarization and conduction of impulses through AV node.
Duration:0.18 (0.12 to 0.2) sec
Q-T Interval:
•‘Q-T’ interval is the interval between the onset of ‘Q’
wave and the end of ‘T’ wave.
•‘Q-T’ interval indicates the ventricular depolarization
and ventricular repolarization,
i.e. it signifies the
electrical activity in ventricles.
Duration:0.4-0.42sec
S-T Segment:
•‘S-T’ segment is the time interval between the end of ‘S’ wave and the onset of ‘T’ wave.
Duration: 0.08 sec
R-R Interval:
•‘R-R’ interval is the time interval between two consecutive ‘R’ waves.
•It signifies the duration of one cardiac cycle.
Duration: 0.8 sec
Dimension of ECG:
How to find heart rhytm of the heart?
Regular rhytm:
Irregular rhytm:
More than or less than 4
How to find heart rate using ECG?
If heart Rhytm is Regular :
Heart rate =
300/No.of large b/w 2 QRS complex
= 300/4
=75 beats/mins
How to find heart rate using ECG?
If heart Rhytm is irregular:
Heart rate = 10×No.of QRS complex in 6 sec 5large box = 1sec
5×6=30
10×7 = 70 Beats/min
Abnormalities of ECG:
Cardiac Arrythmias:
1.Tachycardia
Heart Rate more than 100 beats/min
FACIAL NERVE
The facial nerve, also known as cranial nerve VII, is one of the 12 cranial nerves originating from the brain. It's a mixed nerve, meaning it contains both sensory and motor fibres, and it plays a crucial role in controlling various facial muscles, as well as conveying sensory information from the taste buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
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Sizwe womens wellbeing pregnancy module 7
- 2. 2 A healthy pregnancy diet should be much the same as your typical healthy diet, only with 340 to 450 additional calories per day. What to eat: • complex carbohydrates • protein • vegetables and fruits • grains and legumes • healthy fats If you already eat a healthy diet, you’ll only need to make slight changes. Fluids, fibre, and iron-rich foods are especially important during pregnancy. Micronutrients are dietary components, such as vitamins and minerals, that are only required in small amounts. Macronutrients are nutrients that provide calories, or energy. These include carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. DIET What to avoid: Alcohol Caffeine Raw meats and seafood/sushi High mercury fish (tuna)
- 3. 3 DIET Ensure you are getting all the necessary nutrients food groups every day. In fact, all meals should include at least three different food groups. Remember that your goal is to eat a wide variety of foods during pregnancy. Each food group has something to offer your body. For example: Grains are a good source of energy. Fruits and vegetables are packed with antioxidants, fiber, and water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins. Meats, nuts, and legumes provide your body with protein, folate, and iron. Dairy products are great source of calcium and vitamin D.
- 4. 4 During pregnancy, many women experience aversions to foods Talk to your doctor if you have adverse reactions to foods you should be eating during pregnancy. Your doctor can suggest other foods or supplements to compensate for the lack of certain nutrients in your diet. They may also have cravings for at least one type of food. Common cravings during pregnancy include: • chocolate • spicy foods • fruits • comfort foods, such as mashed potatoes and pizza Pica • Pica is a disorder that causes cravings for items that contain no nutritional value. FOOD AVERSIONS AND CRAVINGS