Six sigma- DMAIC And DMADV , Difference between DMAIC And DMADV,Six sigma quality levels, six sigma learning curve,Six sigma benefits,softwares uesd for six sigma,companies with six sigma.
Deals in detail about total quality management (TQM) in all aspects of industries to be followed for optimum quality production and human resource management.
Deals in detail about total quality management (TQM) in all aspects of industries to be followed for optimum quality production and human resource management.
quality management systems: Total quality management & Quality by designDr Ajay Kumar Tiwari
Fundamental knowledge on pharmaceutical
product development and translation from laboratory to market.
Quality management systems: Quality management & Certifications.
Total quality management
Quality by design
FDA’s emphasis on quality by design began with the recognition that increased testing does not improve product quality (this has long been recognized in other industries).In order for quality to increase, it must be built into the product. To do this requires understanding how formulation and manufacturing process variables influence product quality.Quality by Design (QbD) is a systematic approach to pharmaceutical development that begins with predefined objectives and emphasizes product and process understanding and process control, based on sound science and quality risk management. A presentation compiled from material freely available on the WEB to introduce the concepts of QbD for beginners.
A detailed study on the guidelines that are taken for ICH which is also known as the International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. The chapter deals with an overview of Quality, Safety, Efficacy and Multidisciplinary guidelines and then a detailed study on the Quality Guidelines. Also a detailed learning of Stability Testing Guidelines proposed by the International Conference for Harmonization.
Quality management systems - INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY llJafarali Masi
syllabus
Quality management & Certifications: Concept of Quality, Total Quality Management, Quality by Design (QbD), Six Sigma concept, Out of Specifications (OOS), Change control, Introduction to ISO 9000 series of quality systems standards, ISO 14000, NABL, GLP
quality management systems: Total quality management & Quality by designDr Ajay Kumar Tiwari
Fundamental knowledge on pharmaceutical
product development and translation from laboratory to market.
Quality management systems: Quality management & Certifications.
Total quality management
Quality by design
FDA’s emphasis on quality by design began with the recognition that increased testing does not improve product quality (this has long been recognized in other industries).In order for quality to increase, it must be built into the product. To do this requires understanding how formulation and manufacturing process variables influence product quality.Quality by Design (QbD) is a systematic approach to pharmaceutical development that begins with predefined objectives and emphasizes product and process understanding and process control, based on sound science and quality risk management. A presentation compiled from material freely available on the WEB to introduce the concepts of QbD for beginners.
A detailed study on the guidelines that are taken for ICH which is also known as the International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. The chapter deals with an overview of Quality, Safety, Efficacy and Multidisciplinary guidelines and then a detailed study on the Quality Guidelines. Also a detailed learning of Stability Testing Guidelines proposed by the International Conference for Harmonization.
Quality management systems - INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY llJafarali Masi
syllabus
Quality management & Certifications: Concept of Quality, Total Quality Management, Quality by Design (QbD), Six Sigma concept, Out of Specifications (OOS), Change control, Introduction to ISO 9000 series of quality systems standards, ISO 14000, NABL, GLP
B.pharm 7th sem Six Sigma ppt.
Six Sigma concept, objectives, methodologies, differences, implementation, roles, application, hurdles, advantages and disadvantages. of the Six Sigma concept.
It has a great impact on industries to achieve profit. Improve business processes and reduce defects.
Lecture 13Application of Six Sigmain Service operati.docxsmile790243
Lecture 13
Application of
Six Sigma
in Service operations
Opportunity of Six Sigma
in Service organizationType of service organizations: Healthcare, banking, government, marketing, sales, accounting, production control, engineering, R&D etc.Service has a tremendous opportunity for Six Sigma projects.Generally, the service organizations have 30-80% waste in the processes & many activities add no value to the customers.
Example 1Type of the organization:
Software companySix Sigma project:
Improve customer order fulfillment process Six Sigma tools used
1) Statistical process control (SPC)
2) Pareto charting
3) Normal probability plotting
4) Design of Experiments (DOE)
Example 2Type of the organization:
Pharmaceutical testing companySix Sigma project:
Improve iterations of paperworkSix Sigma tools used
1) Statistical process control (SPC)
2) Pareto charting
Example 3Type of the organization:
Aerospace service companySix Sigma project:
Reduce warranty return rate after servicing products Six Sigma tools used
1) Statistical process control (SPC)
2) Pareto charting
Example 4Type of the organization:
City governmentSix Sigma project:
Evaluate the differences between city home inspectorsSix Sigma tools used
1) Sampling techniques
2) Statistical process control (SPC)
3) Pareto charting
Example 5Type of the organization:
School districtSix Sigma project:
Improve attendance in the school district Six Sigma tools used
Design of Experiments (DOE)
Example of Six Sigma project to improve
on-Time delivery
Data for late deliveries (61%)
SPC chart for current late deliveries
Pareto chart of late deliveries
Pareto chart of deliveries after improvement
SPC chart for new late deliveries
Example of Six Sigma project to increase
website traffic
Data on website “hit-rate”
SPC chart for website hit rates
Cause-and-effect matrix of website traffic
Steps to reduce the size of DOE
Review the list of factors from the cause-and-effect matrix.
Pare it down to factors that would yield insight into website traffic
Conduct a meeting of peers from all affected areas to consider expansion or deletion of selected factors (variables) for the experiments.
Group the input variables (factors) into two levels to represent the extreme of each setting.
Factors (variables) of website hit rate test
DOE test matrix
Results of implementing Six Sigma
Eight pages were created
Each page representing one of the trials listed in the DOE table
Hit rates were then collected on a weekly basis to determine which combination of factors produced the most traffic
Based on the results of the experiment, the team could determine which factors to focus on in order to increase traffic on the company website
Additional application of Six Sigma
A major appliance repair company used Six Sigma to improve its ability to return items to customers when promised.
A pharmaceutical company used Six Sigma t ...
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
3. 1.DMAIC
It is used for projects aimed at improving an
existing business process.
2.DMADV
It is used for projects aimed at creating new
product or process designs. 2
4. 1.DMAIC
1.Define :
V v v Define the system, the voice of the customer and
v v their requirements, and the project goals,
V specifically.
2.Measure :
Measure key aspects of the current process and
Collect relevant data.
3
5. 3.Analyze:
Analyze the data to investigate and verify cause .
D Seek out the root cause of the defect under
Investigation.
4.Improve:
Improve or optimize the current process based upon
data anlysis.
Set up pilot runs to establish process capability.
4
6. 5. Control:
Control the future state process to ensure that any
deviations from target are corrected before they
result in defects. Implement control systems such
as
Statistical process control, production boards,
Visual workplace, and continuously monitor the
Process.
5
7. 2.DMADV
1.Define :
Define design goals that are consistent with
b b b customer demands and the enterprise strategy.
2.Measure:
Measure and identify CTQs ( characteristics that
V are Critical To Quality ) , product capabilities,
Production process capability, and risks.
6
8. 3.Analyze :
• Analyze to develop and design alternatives.
4.Design :
Design an improved alternative, best suited per
analysis in the previous step.
7
9. 5.Verify :
Verify the design, set up pilot runs ,implement
the production process and hand it over to the
V process owner (s).
8
10. Difference between DMAIC and DMADV
DMAIC
• The emphasis of DMAIC is more on
correcting an existing process and
reducing existing variations.
• DMAIC is “Correction”.
• DMAIC uses more of statistical tool
and numerical/quantitative analysis to
arrive at the solution.
• Six sigma focuses on one or two CTQ
.
• DMAIC projects often take short
duration to fix a customer problems
and process improvements.
DMADV
• DMADV is more about creating
a process ( standardize) with an
optimized design or “Doing it
Right first time”.
• DMADV is “Prevention”.
• DMADV uses Qualititative tools
:
QFD (Quality Function
Deployment),KANO model etc.
. DFSS focuses on every single
CTQ.
.DMADV projects are often much
larger and take longer, and are
often based on a long term. 9
11. Six Sigma Quality levels :
10
https://images.app.goo.gl/UeiX7GcTyqbUhLCGA
https://images.app.goo.gl/kGtnUq6s2wrcoSX4A
12. Six Sigma learning curve:
11
https://images.app.goo.gl/aifxexKPcvNGeHCe6
13. Six Sigma benefits:
• Improve customer loyalty
• Time management
• Reduce cycle time
• Employee motivation
• Strategic planning
• Supply chain management
12
14. Software used for Six Sigma:
• Arena
• ARIS Six Sigma
• Bonita Open Solution BPMN2 standard and
KPLs for statistic monitoring.
• JMP
• Mathematical
• MATLAB or GNU Octave
• Microsoft Visio
• STATA
• STATISTICA
13
16. CASE STUDY:
Catalent pharma solutions, is a leader in developing solutions for the
pharmaceutical, veterinary, biological and consumer health industries.
The company was faced with high numbers of defects after producing
millions of units. The process flow was slow because of the time
required to analyze the samples.Six sigma processes were applied to
address these issues.
The company specifically required a solution for their
proprietary product knows as zydis .The company needed new systems
that would help to predict the process variation . The improvements are
also supposed to help operators understand statistical analysis.
15
17. The project team devised a database to collect information. Control
charts were also completed and entered automatically. The
programming language used for automation was flexible and easy to
replicate .The efficiency was improved by making these changes. After
two weeks of implementing Six Sigma processes the company
prevented the loss of two batches of product, which was worth 50.000
pounds.which is “Five million one hundred one thousand five hundred”.
This case study demonstrates how companies can improve processes to
meet Six Sigma standards, prevent losses and save money. Companies
that save money can reallocate the funds towards research and design or
improvement of other processes. Every company should try six Sigma
processes.
16
18. Conclusion:
• Six Sigma through the correct application of statistical tools can reap
a company enormous rewards that will have a positive effect for years.
• Six Sigma can be a dismal failure if not used correctly.
• A true Six Sigma organization produces not only excellent product but
also maintains highly efficient production and administrative systems.
17
19. Reference :
• INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY-II Book by Dr.k.P Sampath Kumar
,Nirali Prakashan Page no.4.9-4.10
18
• Montgomery, D.C. and Woodall, W.H., 2008. An overview of six
sigma. International Statistical Review/Revue Internationale de
Statistique, pp.329-346.
• Tjahjono, B., Ball, P., Vitanov, V.I., Scorzafave, C., Nogueira, J.,
Calleja, J., Minguet, M., Narasimha, L., Rivas, A., Srivastava, A.
and Srivastava, S., 2010. Six Sigma: a literature
review. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma.
• https://images.app.goo.gl/aifxexKPcvNGeHCe6
