SIP (Session Initial Protocol) is an IETF standard used to initiate multimedia communication sessions over the internet. It establishes and terminates voice or video calls between two or more participants. SIP also allows modification of existing calls, such as adding or removing participants. Key network elements that enable SIP connectivity include user agents, SIP phones, proxy servers, registrars, and gateways.

1. SIP PROTOCOL

2. Session Initial Protocol SIP (SIP) is an Internet Engineering Task
Force (IETF) standard protocol for initiating an interactive user
session that encompasses multimedia elements such as video,
voice, chat, gaming, and virtual reality. It help removed the role of
PSTN line. It is an Internet Protocol which forms the base of all
connectivity for the service providers.
What Is SIP?

3. Why SIP?
 SIP is involved in the signaling portion of a media
communication session, primarily used to set up and
terminate voice or video calls.
 SIP connect can be used to establish two-party or
multiparty communications.
 It also allows modification of existing calls. The
modification can involve changing addresses or ports,
inviting more participants, and adding or deleting media
streams.
 SIP has also found applications in messaging applications,
such as instant messaging, event subscription and
notification.
 Also, the SIP solves the problem of scalability, maintenance
and convergence

4. NETWORK ELEMENTS
A lot of things and elements together form the
SIP connect. Following are some of the
Elements
User Agent
SIP Phone
Proxy Server
Registrar
Gateway
Let’s Learn

5. 1) User Agent
A user agent(UA) is a
logical network end-point
used to create or receive
SIP messages. The user
agent manages SIP
sessions. As a client (UAC),
it sends SIP requests, and
as a server (UAS) it
receives requests and
returns a SIP response.

6. 2) SIP Phone
An SIP phone is a phone that implements
clients and server functions of a SIP
agent. SIP phone provides traditional
calling features of a telephone like dial,
answer, reject and call hold and call
transfer.
It can be hardware device or a software
one, commonly called as softphone.
Softphone uses the internet to enable
calling

7. A proxy server works like a
router. Its job is to ensure that a
request is sent to another entity
closer to the targeted user and
also useful for enforcing policy.
It is a network server with UAS
and UAC components that
functions as an intermediary
entity.
3) Proxy Server

8. A registrar is a SIP endpoint provides
a location service. It accepts
REGISTER requests, recording the
address and other parameters from
the user agent.
For subsequent requests it provides
an essential means to locate
possible communication peers on the
network.
4) Registrar

9. 5) Gateway
Gateway can be used to interconnect a SIP network to
other networks.
It is more like a transfer link and allows to get greater
coverage to the client.
It connects to those which provide it with different portals
and technologies. Hence, a wider base is made

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