This document discusses reservoir characterization and simulation grid design including upscaling. It describes upscaling the detailed 264-layer model to a 54-layer model for simulation. Validation shows the upscaled porosity, permeability, and rock type models match the detailed model well. Streamline modeling also matches between models, demonstrating upscaling preserved flow paths and time of flight between wells.

1. Reservoir Characterization Study
Upscaling &
Simulation Model Initialization

2. Reservoir Characterization Workflow
Structure framework
& 3D Modeling
Petrophysical
Modeling
Facies
Modeling
Simulation Grid
Design & Upscaling
SW Modeling
& OIP Estimation
Simulation Model
Optimization &
Preliminary
History
Match

3. Reservoir Characterization Workflow
Petrophysical
Modeling
Facies
Modeling
Simulation Grid
Design & Upscaling
SW Modeling
& OIP Estimation
Simulation Model
Optimization &
Preliminary
History
Match
Structure framework
& 3D Modeling

4. Upscaling Validation Approaches
 Visualization & Cross-Section Plots.
 Histograms Analysis and Plots.
 Streamline Simulator.

5. Eclipse Design : Area Grid
1600x1600m2
1600x1600m2
200x200m2
200x1600m2
200x1600m2
200x400m2
1600x400m2
1600x400m2
1600x200m2
800x200m2
400x200m2
400x200m2
200x400m2
X = 160
Producer Injector

6. Eclipse Design : Vertical Grid
layer K.H RT Ø.H Option-A Option-B
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
65 Layers 54 Layers264 Subgrid Layers

7. Upscale Model, Grid-Blacks Dimensions
Model
Detailed Model
264 layers
Upscaled Model
54 layers
Grid Size 100x100 m2 200x200m2 min  1600x1600m2 max
Zone-A 466 x 296 x 70 160 x 102 x 19
Zone-B 466 x 296 x 71 160 x 102 x 18
Zone-C 466 x 296 x 123 160 x 102 x 17
Total 36,415,104 881,280
70
71
123
Z=265
X=466 Y=296
19
18
17
Z=54
X=160 Y=102
Simulation Grid Design and Upscaling

8. Upscaled Porosity Model
Detailed Model (264 layers)
Upscaled Model (54 layers)

9. Upscaled Permeability Model
Detailed Model (264 layers)
Upscaled Model (54 layers)

10. Upscaled Rock Type Model
Detailed Model (264 layers)
Upscaled Model (54 layers)

11. Simulation Grid Design and Upscaling (Well-KXX)
Porosity
Detailed Upscaled
Permeability
Detailed Upscaled
Rock Type
Detailed Upscaled

12. Porosity Histogram
Detailed Model (264 layers) Upscaled Model (54 layers)
Model Detailed Upscaled
Min 0.5 0.5
Mean 8.2 8.4
Max 27.9 26.4
St.Dev 4.9 4.3

13. Permeability Histogram
Detailed Model (264 layers) Upscaled Model (54 layers)
Model Detailed Upscaled
Min 0.001 0.001
Mean 5.19 5.13
Max 1205.2 511.8
St.Dev 16.3 12.1
Cells with
K > 500
are less than
0.07 %

14. Permeability Upscale Validation

15. Vertical Permeability Model Upscale
Harmonic averaging for horizontal permeability at the
well block level and kriging distribution in between wells
In the detailed geological model

16. Vertical Permeability Model Upscale
(264 layers)
(54 layers)
Streamlines from Well-XX1 (Injector)  Well-XX2 (Producer)

17. Streamline Model
Location map showing Producers (green)
and Injectors (red)
C
E
B
xx
A
xx
D
xx
c
b
a
xx
e
d

18. Streamline Model
Location map showing Producers (green)
and Injectors (red)
C
E
B
xx
A
xx
D
xx
c
b
a
xx
e
d
Time of Flight "TOF" from Injectors to Producers
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
ZK-082 ZK-188 ZK-236 ZK-303 ZK-310
Wells
TOF,days
Detailed Model (264 layers)
Upscaled Model (54 layers)
“TOF” at detailed and upscaled
models
A B C D E

19. Streamline Model
Detailed Model Upscaled Model
Flow lines between injectors and producers