SIMTOMATOLOGI SISTEM
SARAF
•SEBAB MUSABAB TIDAK
SEDARKAN DIRI
•GANGGUAN MOTOR
•GANGGUAN SENSORI
•IRITASI KEPADA MENINGES
Disediakan
Oleh : Nassruto
DIRI
• SYNCOPE-reduction of blood flow to the
brain(syncope)
• Simple faint(vasovagal attack)
• Precipitating factors
• Emotional stimulation,prolonged
standing,pain,fright or anxiety
• Postural syncope-standing up-impairment
of the vasomotor reflexes
• Arterial hypertension overtreated
• Elderly
• Autonomic neuropathy
• Cough syncope-transient loss of
consciousness@end of purple faced
paroxysm of coughing in chronic
bronchitis
• Micturition syncope-male who leaves the
warm bed,upright position and straining
•Syncope on exertion-limitation of
cardiac output due to severe
obstruction @aortic or pulmonary
valve
•Syncope from cardiac arrythmias-
extremely fast or slow cardiac rates
•SAWAN
•Epileptic fit-transient disturbance of
conscousness due to brief excessive
electrical discharge of cerebral
neurones
•Grand mal-tonic clonic
•Focal –consciousness not entirely
loss and clinical features bizarre or
unusual
•Jacksonian-retain contact with
environment
GANGGUAN MOTOR
• Loss of learned movement patterns-
dyspraxia or apraxia
• Paralysis or weakness
• Impairment of coordination
• Changes in tone
• Involuntary movements
• Hypokinesis
•Dyspraxia-clumsy movement
•Tremors-rythmic movements resulting
from alternating contraction and
relaxation-
anxiety,hyperthyroid,alcoholic,parkins
on
•Myoclonus-sudden shock like
contractions-epilepsy and falling
asleep
•Choreiform movements-irregular
jerky,semipurpose and ill sustained
•Dystonic movements(torsion spasm)-
similar to athetoid,affect proximal part
of limbs or trunks
•Spasmodic torticollis-segmental
dystonia,repetitive,rotary movement
of head and neck to one side
accompanied by extension of neck
•Hemiballimus-similar to
choreiform,more proximal and greater
in amplitude and forceful@vascular
damage to sub thalamic nucleus
•Athetoid spasm-slow writhing
movements affecting distal part-extra
pyramidal disease
GANGGUAN SENSORI
• ANAESTHESIA-KEHILANGAN
SENSASI SENTUHAN
• Hyperaesthesia-oversensitive to heat/cold/pain
• ANALGESIA-KEHILANGAN SENSASI
SAKIT
• HIPERALGESIA-PENINGKATAN
SENSASI BERIKUTAN
SENTUHAN,MENYEBABKAN
KESAKITAN
• Neuralgia-pain in the nerve
• PARAESTHESIA-SENSASI CUCUKAN
PIN,JARUM
• LESI SARAF PERIFERI
MENYEBABKAN KEHILANGAN
SENSASI DARI KAWASAN YANG
DISALUR OLEH SARAF TERSEBUT
• KEHILANGAN PENGLIHATAN
DITUNJUKKAN DENGAN
KEHILANGAN KEUPAYAAN
MEMBACA PADA SESUATU
JARAK ATAU KEHILANGAN
PANDANGAN NORMAL ATAU
DOUBLE VISION
•GANGGUAN PENDENGARAN
BOLEH DITUNJUKKAN
DENGAN DENGAN
KEPEKAKAN ATAU
TINNITUS(BUNYI
BERDENGUNG
IRITASI KEPADA MENINGES
•ONSET-PANTAS DARI JAM KE
HARI.PESAKIT SAKIT DENGAN
DEMAM TERUK
•SAKIT KEPALA-DIKAITKAN
DENGAN MUNTAH
•PERUBAHAN KESEDARAN-
PESAKIT
DROWSY(MENGANTUK) DAN
IRITABLE( MUDAH
TERGANGGU) DAN
DELIRIOUS(MERACAU) mental
confusion.
KETEGANGAN
LEHER.PESAKIT BERBARING
ATAS KATIL MEMBONGKOK
JAUH DARI CAHAYA
DENGAN FOTOFOBIA
•SAWAN TERUTAMA BAGI BAYI
•KERNIG’S SIGN-ADA
RINTANGAN APABILA
MENCUBA UNTUK
MELURUSKAN LUTUT YANG
FLEKSI KERANA INI
MENEGANGKAN MENINGES
YANG RADANG
• Paralisis-hilang kuasa bergerak
• Hemiplegia-lumpuh sebelah badan
• Monoplegia-lumpuh satu anggota samada
tangan atau kaki
• Paraplegia-lumpuh separuh badan
• Quadriplegia-lumpuh kesmua kaki dan
tangan
• Paresis-weakness of muscle movement
• Ataxia-seseorang yang tidak boleh
berjalan stabil
• Coma-unconscious
• Nystagmus-involuntary rapid movement
of eyeball
• Spasm –kekejangan otot
• Incontinence-ketiadaan kawalan
SIMTOMATOLOGI SISTEM SARAF

SIMTOMATOLOGI SISTEM SARAF

  • 1.
    SIMTOMATOLOGI SISTEM SARAF •SEBAB MUSABABTIDAK SEDARKAN DIRI •GANGGUAN MOTOR •GANGGUAN SENSORI •IRITASI KEPADA MENINGES Disediakan Oleh : Nassruto
  • 2.
    DIRI • SYNCOPE-reduction ofblood flow to the brain(syncope) • Simple faint(vasovagal attack) • Precipitating factors • Emotional stimulation,prolonged standing,pain,fright or anxiety • Postural syncope-standing up-impairment of the vasomotor reflexes
  • 7.
    • Arterial hypertensionovertreated • Elderly • Autonomic neuropathy • Cough syncope-transient loss of consciousness@end of purple faced paroxysm of coughing in chronic bronchitis • Micturition syncope-male who leaves the warm bed,upright position and straining
  • 8.
    •Syncope on exertion-limitationof cardiac output due to severe obstruction @aortic or pulmonary valve •Syncope from cardiac arrythmias- extremely fast or slow cardiac rates •SAWAN •Epileptic fit-transient disturbance of conscousness due to brief excessive electrical discharge of cerebral neurones •Grand mal-tonic clonic
  • 10.
    •Focal –consciousness notentirely loss and clinical features bizarre or unusual •Jacksonian-retain contact with environment
  • 12.
    GANGGUAN MOTOR • Lossof learned movement patterns- dyspraxia or apraxia • Paralysis or weakness • Impairment of coordination • Changes in tone • Involuntary movements • Hypokinesis
  • 14.
    •Dyspraxia-clumsy movement •Tremors-rythmic movementsresulting from alternating contraction and relaxation- anxiety,hyperthyroid,alcoholic,parkins on •Myoclonus-sudden shock like contractions-epilepsy and falling asleep
  • 17.
    •Choreiform movements-irregular jerky,semipurpose andill sustained •Dystonic movements(torsion spasm)- similar to athetoid,affect proximal part of limbs or trunks •Spasmodic torticollis-segmental dystonia,repetitive,rotary movement of head and neck to one side accompanied by extension of neck
  • 21.
    •Hemiballimus-similar to choreiform,more proximaland greater in amplitude and forceful@vascular damage to sub thalamic nucleus •Athetoid spasm-slow writhing movements affecting distal part-extra pyramidal disease
  • 22.
    GANGGUAN SENSORI • ANAESTHESIA-KEHILANGAN SENSASISENTUHAN • Hyperaesthesia-oversensitive to heat/cold/pain • ANALGESIA-KEHILANGAN SENSASI SAKIT • HIPERALGESIA-PENINGKATAN SENSASI BERIKUTAN SENTUHAN,MENYEBABKAN KESAKITAN • Neuralgia-pain in the nerve
  • 24.
    • PARAESTHESIA-SENSASI CUCUKAN PIN,JARUM •LESI SARAF PERIFERI MENYEBABKAN KEHILANGAN SENSASI DARI KAWASAN YANG DISALUR OLEH SARAF TERSEBUT • KEHILANGAN PENGLIHATAN DITUNJUKKAN DENGAN KEHILANGAN KEUPAYAAN MEMBACA PADA SESUATU
  • 25.
    JARAK ATAU KEHILANGAN PANDANGANNORMAL ATAU DOUBLE VISION •GANGGUAN PENDENGARAN BOLEH DITUNJUKKAN DENGAN DENGAN KEPEKAKAN ATAU TINNITUS(BUNYI BERDENGUNG
  • 28.
    IRITASI KEPADA MENINGES •ONSET-PANTASDARI JAM KE HARI.PESAKIT SAKIT DENGAN DEMAM TERUK •SAKIT KEPALA-DIKAITKAN DENGAN MUNTAH •PERUBAHAN KESEDARAN- PESAKIT
  • 29.
    DROWSY(MENGANTUK) DAN IRITABLE( MUDAH TERGANGGU)DAN DELIRIOUS(MERACAU) mental confusion. KETEGANGAN LEHER.PESAKIT BERBARING ATAS KATIL MEMBONGKOK JAUH DARI CAHAYA DENGAN FOTOFOBIA
  • 32.
    •SAWAN TERUTAMA BAGIBAYI •KERNIG’S SIGN-ADA RINTANGAN APABILA MENCUBA UNTUK MELURUSKAN LUTUT YANG FLEKSI KERANA INI MENEGANGKAN MENINGES YANG RADANG
  • 33.
    • Paralisis-hilang kuasabergerak • Hemiplegia-lumpuh sebelah badan • Monoplegia-lumpuh satu anggota samada tangan atau kaki • Paraplegia-lumpuh separuh badan • Quadriplegia-lumpuh kesmua kaki dan tangan • Paresis-weakness of muscle movement
  • 38.
    • Ataxia-seseorang yangtidak boleh berjalan stabil • Coma-unconscious • Nystagmus-involuntary rapid movement of eyeball • Spasm –kekejangan otot • Incontinence-ketiadaan kawalan