Simmel, Kracauer And Benjamin
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This document discusses three key thinkers - Georg Simmel, Sigfried Kracauer, and Walter Benjamin - and their analyses of modernity and urban life in the early 20th century. Simmel examined how life in cities led to a more calculative and blasé mentality. Kracauer viewed the city as a place of distractions and analyzed fragments like amusement parks and movies. Benjamin looked at how modern experiences like shock were inherent to crowded cities with their overwhelming external stimulation.
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2 ano
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Arthur schopenhauer
Schopenhauer proponía que el universo no es racional sino impulsado por una voluntad ciega. Sugería que debemos minimizar nuestros deseos a través del arte, la moral y la ascética para alcanzar la paz mental y beneficiar a los demás. Consideraba que la introspección nos lleva a descubrir que nuestra esencia y la del universo es la voluntad, que impulsa toda la naturaleza de manera irracional.
Filósofo Da Contracultura
Apresentado na Disciplina de Mídia e Psicologia do Mestrado de Mídia e Conhecimento do EGC - Programa de Engenharia e Gestão do Conhecimento da UFSC.
Walter Benjamin e o conceito de história.
Análise do Angelus Novus de Paul Klee nas Teses Sobre o Conceito de História de Walter Benjamin - Escola de Frankfurt.
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Outline
• Karl Marx, life and times
• The Communist Manifesto
• What capitalism is
• Creative Destruction
• Nihilism
• Social differentiation, spatial diffusion, and cultural de-fusion
Karl Marx
• 1818-1883
• Born in what is now Germany,
lived most of his life in England
• University of Bonn, Berlin and
Jena--studied law, philosophy
and history
• Writer in Germany, France and
eventually England
• Early and Later Marx writings
Karl Marx
• The Communist Manifesto
• Published in 1848 (“The Year of
Revolution”)
• A pamphlet written for the
Communist League (a group of
German workers in France)
• Later became a general
statement for international
communism
The Communist Manifesto
• “The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.”
• The present society is a result of the struggle between the bourgeoisie (the
owners of the means of production) and the proletariat (those who own only
their labor)--this is capitalism
• This has led to a situation of “naked, shameless, direct, brutal exploitation”
in which the labor of workers is used to enrich capitalists
• but...
The Communist Manifesto
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• “The bourgeoisie cannot exist without constantly revolutionizing the
instruments of production, and thereby the relations of production, and then
the whole relations of society. Conservation of old modes of production in
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OTHER WORLDS ... ... ......................................... .............. .
URBAN IMAGINARIES IN A GLOBALIZING AGE
EDITED BY ANDREAS HUYSSEN
Duke University Press Durham and London 2008
147 Okwui Enwezor
Mega-exhibitions: The Antinomies of a Transnational Global Form
ASIA
181 Gyan Prakash
Mumbai: The Modern City in Ruins
205 Rahul Mehrotra
Negotiating the Static and Kinetic Cities: The Emergent Urbanism of
Mumbai
219 Yingjin Zhang
Remapping Beijing: Polylocality, Globalization, Cinema
243 Ackbar Abbas
Faking Globalization
MIDDLE EAST
267 Farha Ghannam
Two Dreams in a Global City: Class and Space in Urban Egypt
289 Orhan Pamuk
Huzun-Melancholy - Tristesse of Istanbul
307 Bibliography
321 Contributors
325 Index
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The essays that make up this volume were first presented as formal
lectures in a year-long graduate research seminar in 2001-2002 at
Columbia University, conducted as a Sawyer Seminar and funded
by the Mellon Foundation. All of the essays have been updated
and rewritten since they were first presented. The seminar was
concluded two years later by a follow-up conference which gener-
ated further discussions and several more essays. Both the semi-
nar and the conference featured architects, urban historians and
theorists, anthropologists, sociologists, literary and cultural crit-
ics, curators, and writers, most of whom came from those non-
Western cities they spoke about. Two essays were commissioned
at a later time to round out the volume.
My first thanks go to the Mellon Foundation for the generous
funding and support that made the seminar possible. The Sawyer
Seminar itself was developed in close cooperation between the
Center for Comparative Literature and Society, which I directed
at the time, and the Graduate School of Architecture, Planning,
and Preservation at Columbia University. Special thanks are owed
the Graduate School of Architecture, Planning, and Preservation
and its deans Bernard Tschumi and his successor Mark Wigley,
the Temple Hoyne Buell Center for American Architecture and
its director Joan Ockman, and my colleagues at the Center for
Comparative Literature and Society. I am especially grateful to
Rahul Mehrotra
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Simmel, Kracauer And Benjamin
- 1. Simmel, Kracauer and Benjamin Georg Simmel Sigfried Kracauer Walter Benjamin 1858-1918 1889-1966 1892-1940 Modernity, Mentality and Overstimulation
- 2. “The Metropolis and Mental Life” 1903 “Modernity involved an ‘intensification of the nervous stimulation.’ Modernity transformed both the physiological an psychological foundation of subjective experience” (Singer, 73)
- 3. “The Metropolis and Mental Life” 1903 Simmel looks at the social- physiological features of modern urban culture. He notes that in cities, many anonymous people come into contact with one another, yet are removed from the emotional ties and social bonds that they had in smaller communities. Urban dwellers tend to be: •Calculative: daily life is filled with “weighing, calculating, enumerating,” reducing qualitative values to quantitative terms •Blasé: urban dwellers possess an outlook of indifference towards the values that distinguish things.
- 4. “The Metropolis and Mental Life” 1903 The “brevity and scarcity of inter-human contacts granted to the metropolitan man, as compared to the social intercourse of the small town” makes the “objective spirit” dominate over the “subjective spirit”
- 5. “The Mass Ornament” and “The Cult of Distraction” Kracauer views the city through the notion of ornament, thinking about the subjective experience of city life by viewing fragments of the city (amusement park, movie theater, employment exchange, homeless shelter) as urban microcosms. For Kracauer, the city is a stifling place filled with a milieu of distractions. His most famous of his Weimar Essays look at the role movie theaters and film have for the masses. Looks at the process of rationalization of capital.
- 6. “The Mass Ornament” 1927 Kracauer offers a layout of analyzing modern city life by examining circuses, photography, films, advertising, tourism, city layout and dance. Offers an analysis of the Tiller Girls
- 7. the aesthetic pleasure gained from the ornamental mass movements is legitimate. . . .The masses which are arranged in them are taken from offices and factories. The structural principle upon which they are modeled determines in reality as well. . . .No matter how low one rates the value of the mass ornament, its level of reality is still above that of artistic productions which cultivate obsolete noble sentiments in withered forms. . . . [26]
- 8. “On Some Motifs of Baudelaire” (1939) Looks at modern life through the works of Baudelaire, Proust and Poe. Baudelaire “indicated the price for which sensation of the modern age may be had: the disintegration of the aura and the experience of shock. (196)
- 10. Shock Medical definition: a sudden debilitating effect produced by over-stimulation of the nerves. When a body is in shock it is literally over- stimulated: it is taking in too much information.
- 11. “On Some Motifs of Baudelaire”: shock For Benjamin, shock is inherent to a crowded modern city. Because of all the stuff going on (visual images, moving images, sights and sounds) there is a huge amount of external stimulation. Modern city dwellers however have trained themselves to always be alert but also have their shields of mediation raised to cope with the environment.