The document provides an overview of Emile Durkheim, a founding father of sociology. It discusses that Durkheim developed the sociological perspective of functionalism. Functionalism views society as a system of interrelated parts that work together to maintain stability and social order. The document also summarizes Durkheim's major works, including The Division of Labor in Society and Suicide: A Study in Sociology, in which he analyzed how social integration and regulation impact suicide rates. Durkheim is considered one of the first modern sociologists and helped establish sociology as a science that studies social institutions and social facts.
University First Year level revision notes on Classical Sociological Theory. Contains notes on Karl Marx, Max Weber and Emile Durkheim among others. All notes come from university lecture notes and online research. Includes quotes from sociologists, a history of sociology, keywords and theories and ideas.
Born in Berlin on March 1, 1858 Germany.
Received his PHD from the university of Berlin
German Sociologist, Author, and philosopher. Best known as a micro sociologist
Close acquaintance of Max Weber (1864-1920).
Despite being a popular lecturer and being supported by Weber, he was consider an outsider academically.
Only in 1914 did Simmel obtain a regular academic appointment, and this appointment was in Strasbourg, far from Berlin
Died on September 28, 1918.
hey there, i am humaira jahan and today my presentation is about august comte.
some can say that if your topic is august comte why have you focused on his theory not his life? the ans is that i believe one's identity is her/his work not their life style.
I hope you guys will like it.
Auguste Comte was best known for the concept positivism. he was a French philosopher and the prominent founder father of sociology. here is some his some his major theories given below with short explanations
The rules for the explanation of social facts and rules for the constitution ...Yadwinder Singh
a two chapter summary from the rules of sociological method : The rules for the explanation of social facts and rules for the constitution of social types
This video presents the concept of Social Facts popularized by Emile Durkheim and the concept of this lecture comes from the book of Durkheim on the Sociological Method. So, it tells us the definition of the term, examples, its existence and more.
For the Video Presentation, click the Link: https://youtu.be/7raeyACfQLY
University First Year level revision notes on Classical Sociological Theory. Contains notes on Karl Marx, Max Weber and Emile Durkheim among others. All notes come from university lecture notes and online research. Includes quotes from sociologists, a history of sociology, keywords and theories and ideas.
Born in Berlin on March 1, 1858 Germany.
Received his PHD from the university of Berlin
German Sociologist, Author, and philosopher. Best known as a micro sociologist
Close acquaintance of Max Weber (1864-1920).
Despite being a popular lecturer and being supported by Weber, he was consider an outsider academically.
Only in 1914 did Simmel obtain a regular academic appointment, and this appointment was in Strasbourg, far from Berlin
Died on September 28, 1918.
hey there, i am humaira jahan and today my presentation is about august comte.
some can say that if your topic is august comte why have you focused on his theory not his life? the ans is that i believe one's identity is her/his work not their life style.
I hope you guys will like it.
Auguste Comte was best known for the concept positivism. he was a French philosopher and the prominent founder father of sociology. here is some his some his major theories given below with short explanations
The rules for the explanation of social facts and rules for the constitution ...Yadwinder Singh
a two chapter summary from the rules of sociological method : The rules for the explanation of social facts and rules for the constitution of social types
This video presents the concept of Social Facts popularized by Emile Durkheim and the concept of this lecture comes from the book of Durkheim on the Sociological Method. So, it tells us the definition of the term, examples, its existence and more.
For the Video Presentation, click the Link: https://youtu.be/7raeyACfQLY
The Nature of Human Rights: Both Universal and Relative or neither Universal ...inventionjournals
: This paper critically discusses the arguments put forward by Jack Donnelly and Michael Goodhart as to the nature of human rights. While Jack Donnelly argues that Human Rights are relatively universal, his counterpart Michael Goodhart debates that Human Rights are neither relative nor universal. The former has analysed the nature of human rights by referring to several concepts of universality out of which he claimed that functional, international legal and overlapping consensus universality are defensible whereas anthropological and ontological universality are indefensible.In doing so he has also asserted that functional and international legal universality are contingent and relative, while overlapping consensus universality is more universal than relative.Goodhart has responded by stating that use of such adjectives will create unnecessary confusion and avoiding them will rather validate the analysis of the different conceptual facets of Human Rights.
EXAMPLECriminologyThroughout time, criminologists began to as.docxSANSKAR20
EXAMPLE:
Criminology
Throughout time, criminologists began to ask complex social questions about the nature of crime and criminals. Many of the queries centered around the behavior of criminals, rather than on the criminality of behavior. There has been interest generated which has focused more upon accounting for the factors and influences which lead to criminal law violations and the behavior of offenders rather than it has upon the lawmaking processes through which criminal prohibitions are produced.
Contemporary views
There is no single theoretical position on crime causation that can be identified as the liberal perspective. There are many ways in which contemporary criminological theories can be classified. Contemporary views regarding deviance represent distinctive studies from Emile Durkheim (1858-1917). French sociologist Emile Durkheim was responsible for two seminal themes on crime and deviance. According to Goode (2005), he was one of the first to insist on the “normality” of criminality. Durkheim maintained that the “normal” and “pathological” are not intrinsically different forms of behavior. Durkheim asserted that it is neither possible nor desirable for a society to repress criminality completely. His second and possibly most important contribution to the study of deviant behavior is in the theory of anomie, which was originally developed as an explanation of suicide (Vold, Bernard and Snipes, 2002). When traditional rules have lost their authority over behavior, a state of deregulation, normalness, or anomie may exist.
Signs of violence
The criminal serves as an identifying sign of the limits of permissible behavior. If these violations of normative sentiments could be repressed, both men and women would become sensitive to the less marked deviations which are now overlooked, and these acts would then be regarded as crimes (Schmalleger, 2007). These increasingly intolerable demands for conformity, which would then possibly be imposed on individuals, not thought of as criminals, would be detrimental to social progress.
References
Goode, E. (2005). Deviant behavior. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Schmalleger, F. (2007). Criminal justice today: An introductory text for the 21st century. (9th Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Vold, G., Bernard, T., & Snipes, J.B. (2002). Theoretical criminology. New York: Oxford University Press.
...
This presentation was given to Mr. Wasif Ali Waseer lecturer Sociology at UMT,Lahore by the students of Sociology in the class of Environmental Sociology.Topic presented was Emile Durkheim As Environmental Sociologist
Key Concepts! Anomie! Social facts! Social solidarity.docxDIPESH30
Key Concepts
! Anomie
! Social facts
! Social solidarity
! Mechanical solidarity
! Organic solidarity
! Collective conscience
! Ritual
! Symbol
! Sacred and profane
! Collective representations
There can be no society which does not feel the need of upholding and reaffirm-
ing at regular intervals the collective sentiments and the collective ideas which
makes its unity and its personality. Now this moral remaking cannot be achieved
except by the means of reunions, assemblies and meetings where the individuals,
being closely united to one another, reaffirm in common their common sentiments.
(Durkheim 1912/1995:474–75)
Have you ever been to a professional sports event in a stadium full of fans? Or toa religious service and taken communion, or to a concert and danced in the aisles(or maybe in a mosh pit)? How did these experiences make you feel? What do
they have in common? Is it possible to have this same type of experience if or when you
are alone? How so or why not?
3 ÉMILE DURKHEIM (1858–1917)
94
104 ! SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY IN THE CLASSICAL ERA
Photo 3.1b Organic solidarity, based on specialization, is characteristic of large, modern industrial
societies, such as Brasília (Brazil).
Photo 3.1a Durkheim maintained that different types of society exhibit different types of solidarity.
Mechanical solidarity, based on likeness, is characteristic of small, traditional societies, such as this village
in Namibia (Africa).
Émile Durkheim ! 105
societies tend to feel “one and the same,” and it is this feeling of “oneness” that is integral
in the maintenance of social order.
Yet, Durkheim saw that in large, complex societies, this type of solidarity was waning. In
large, modern societies, labor is specialized; people do not necessarily all engage in the same
work or share the same ideas and beliefs. For Durkheim, organic solidarity refers to a type of
solidarity in which each person is interdependent with others, forming a complex web of coop-
erative associations. In such situations, solidarity (or a feeling of “oneness”) comes not from
each person believing/doing the same thing, but from each person cultivating individual differ-
ences and knowing that each is doing her part for the good of the whole.Thus, Durkheim argued
that the increasing specialization and individuation so readily apparent in modern industrial
societies does not necessarily result in a decline in social stability or cohesion. Rather, the
growth in a society’s density (the number of people living in a community) and consequent
increasingly specialized division of labor can result in simply a different type of social cohesion.
Significantly, however, Durkheim maintained that organic solidarity does not automati-
cally emerge in modern societies. Rather, it arises only when the division of labor is “spon-
taneous” or voluntary. States Durkheim, “For the division of labor to produce solidarity, it
is not sufficient, then, that each have his task; it is still necessary ...
The birth of modern state with her technological advancements was hailed as a new dawn for humankind. The merits of enlightenment had finally been realized and the ensuing scientific inventions would finally perpetuate the entry of humanity towards a universal culture. The problems such as disease, ignorance and poverty that had perennially affected humanity would be forgotten given that science and industrialization had heightened human reason and production. In spite of this grand narrative, emerging voices have singled out the failures of modernism and the narrative project. They have decried modernist tendencies to mechanize humanity and eradicate the individual‟s creativity and morality. Through coercion and conformity, the modern state replaces individual revaluation of culture and perpetuates violence and intellectual passivity hence the demise of progress. This article is a postmodernist critique of modernism and her grand narrative with reference to Ibuse (1970), Black Rain. It shows how the ideals of modernism can only lead humanity to inhumanity, violence and chaos. The ideas of Friedrich Nietzsche and Martin Heidegger will form a theoretical basis of interpretation. This is an analytical study that proceeds through close textual reading of primary and secondary texts
The stronger the “mores” and “informal sanctions” for a particular type of behavior---the more “integrated” it is into society (a larger number of societal members internally adopted it). Norms are tied to values.
Some translation of terms is necessary if this “propositions,’ as Durkheim called it, is to be understood. Volume refers to population size and concentration; density pertains to the increased interaction arising from escalated volume. Thus, the division of labor arises from increases in the concentrations of populations whose members increasingly come into contact. Durkheim also termed the increased rates of interaction among those thrust into contact dynamic and moral density. He then analyzed those factors that increased the material density of a population. Ecological boundaries (rivers, mountains, and so on), migration, urbanization, and population growth all directly increase volume and thus indirectly increase the likelihood of dynamic density (increased contact and interaction). Technological innovations, such as new modes of communication and transportation, directly increase rates of contact and interaction among individuals. But all these direct and indirect influences are merely lists of empirical conditions influencing the primary explanatory variable, dynamic or moral density.
Mayberry R.F.D. versus Mount Vernon At MVNU, how is solidarity affected by the growing residential student enrollment?