The document summarizes two journal articles on the effect of adding nanoparticles like silver and titanium dioxide to maxillofacial silicone elastomers.
The first article studied the effect of adding silver nanoparticles at 20 ppm on the tear strength, hardness, and color stability of Teksil 25 silicone. It found silver nanoparticles decreased hardness but did not significantly change tear strength or color stability.
The second article examined how different concentrations of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (2%, 4%, 6%) affected the mechanical and anti-aging properties of MDX4-4210 silicone. It concluded 6% TiO2 improved tensile strength, tear strength, hardness and provided better anti-aging protection against thermal, UV and stress fatigue compared to
A Study on Steel Fiber Reinforced Normal Compacting ConcreteIJERA Editor
Plain concrete which is strong in compressive strength possesses a very low tensile strength, limited ductility
and little resistance to cracking. Internal micro cracks are inherently present in the concrete due to drying,
shrinkage and poor tensile strength, eventually leading to brittle fracture of concrete. Hence fibres are added to
concrete to overcome these disadvantages. Fibre Reinforced Concrete (FRC) is a concrete composite of cement,
fine and coarse aggregate and fibres with different proportions. In plain concrete, micro cracks develop even
before loading, particularly due to drying, shrinkage or other causes of volume change. The width of these initial
cracks seldom exceeds few microns. When loaded the micro cracks propagate and open up, due to the effect of
stress concentration additional cracks form in place of minor defects. Fibres enable concrete to progress from
plastic state to hardened state without weakness. This is achieved by the reduction of micro crack formation,
reduced segregation and decreasing the scope of capillary formation, thus reducing permeability. Generally,
fibres are chosen depending upon the aspect ratio.
Out of all types of fibres, steel fibres are mostly used because steel has high modulus of elasticity, high
elongation, high tensile strength and the bond between steel and the fibre is enormous. The present experimental
investigation was carried out to evaluate the influence of steel fibres on physical and mechanical properties of
concrete, containing cold drawn carbon steel fibres of hooked end type having aspect ratio of 50 with diameter
0.6mm and length 30mm with varying percentages of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2.0% volume fraction is added to the
concrete. Concrete is evaluated for compressive, split tensile and flexural strength at 7, 28 and 90 days, with the
addition of 1.5% fibres, test results show the maximum compressive, split tensile and flexural strength, it
becomes the optimum value. Split tensile and flexural strength of concrete is done only up to 1.5% volume.
Moreover, the results confirmed that the steel fibre reinforced concrete reduce cracking and improves flexure.
In vitro tests of adhesive and composite dental materialsSilas Toka
The document summarizes a review article on the relevance of in vitro tests of adhesive and composite dental materials. It discusses how laboratory tests are standardized according to ISO protocols to evaluate properties like depth of cure, flexural strength, water sorption and solubility. While laboratory tests provide useful data on material properties, they do not replace clinical studies. Some laboratory recommendations did not prove superior to simpler techniques in clinical trials. Additionally, unexpected clinical problems may arise that were not anticipated by laboratory testing alone, emphasizing the need to augment laboratory studies with long-term clinical evaluations.
Comparison and Optimization of Wear Rates of Two Types of Dental Composites O...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Effect of Loading Rates on Short-Beam Shear Testing of Fiberglass Reinforced ...Christopher (C.G.) Cruz
The document describes an experiment to test the effect of loading rate on the short-beam shear strength of fiberglass reinforced polyester sucker rods. Specimens were tested under three different loading rates (0.4 in/min, 0.2 in/min, and 0.05 in/min) according to the ASTM D2344 standard with some modifications to accommodate the cylindrical rod shape. Five specimens were tested for each loading rate and results were analyzed to determine if loading rate had a statistically significant effect on failure strength. The testing found that loading rate did impact failure strength and that the 0.2 in/min rate produced the most consistent results.
This document summarizes the results of a study that evaluated the effects of autoclaving on various properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) powder used for dentures. The study compared PMMA cured via conventional water bath versus autoclaving. Tests evaluated properties like transverse strength, hardness, surface roughness, tensile strength, water sorption, porosity, density, color stability and more. Statistical analysis found autoclaving significantly improved the transverse strength of PMMA compared to water bath curing. Autoclaving applied heat and pressure that may have altered the polymeric chains and enhanced strength.
Investigations in the compaction and sintering of large ceramic partsPeng Chen
The document discusses investigations into compaction and sintering of large ceramic parts. Specifically, it examines:
- Compacting and sintering a large ceramic ring part successfully using uniaxial die compaction.
- The effects of die design, compaction pressure, lubrication, sintering procedure and part orientation on part quality.
- Developing a finite element model to simulate the compaction process and validate the model's predictions against experimental results.
This document summarizes research on developing a novel dental implant material using a Ti-14%wtZr alloy. The goals are to enhance the mechanical strength of the alloy through equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and find the optimal lowest processing temperature. ECAP reduces grain size, increasing strength via the Hall-Petch relationship. The document reviews literature on Ti-Zr alloys' biocompatibility, ECAP processing, surface treatments to improve osseointegration, and shear band formation in titanium. Experimental methods include optical microscopy, SEM, tensile testing, and TEM to analyze microstructure and properties after various ECAP conditions.
Tensile properties of unidirectional glass/epoxy composites at different orie...IJERA Editor
In this work, Diglycidyl Ether of BisphenolA(DGEBA) / TriEthylene Tetra Amine(TETA) system is used as the epoxy matrix and unidirectional glass fabric is used to reinforce with the polymer matrix by hand layup and vacuum bagging process. The glass fibre reinforced composites are prepared with fibre orientations of 0°, 45° and 90°. The specimens, after preparation, are tested for various tensile properties at different angles of the laminate. The tensile properties studied in this case are Tensile Strength, Tensile Modulus, Specific Tensile Strength and Specific Tensile Modulus. The result shave then been tabulated and studied to understand variation in the properties with orientation of fibre in the composite. Experimental procedure is carried out as per ASTM D3039 standards.
A Study on Steel Fiber Reinforced Normal Compacting ConcreteIJERA Editor
Plain concrete which is strong in compressive strength possesses a very low tensile strength, limited ductility
and little resistance to cracking. Internal micro cracks are inherently present in the concrete due to drying,
shrinkage and poor tensile strength, eventually leading to brittle fracture of concrete. Hence fibres are added to
concrete to overcome these disadvantages. Fibre Reinforced Concrete (FRC) is a concrete composite of cement,
fine and coarse aggregate and fibres with different proportions. In plain concrete, micro cracks develop even
before loading, particularly due to drying, shrinkage or other causes of volume change. The width of these initial
cracks seldom exceeds few microns. When loaded the micro cracks propagate and open up, due to the effect of
stress concentration additional cracks form in place of minor defects. Fibres enable concrete to progress from
plastic state to hardened state without weakness. This is achieved by the reduction of micro crack formation,
reduced segregation and decreasing the scope of capillary formation, thus reducing permeability. Generally,
fibres are chosen depending upon the aspect ratio.
Out of all types of fibres, steel fibres are mostly used because steel has high modulus of elasticity, high
elongation, high tensile strength and the bond between steel and the fibre is enormous. The present experimental
investigation was carried out to evaluate the influence of steel fibres on physical and mechanical properties of
concrete, containing cold drawn carbon steel fibres of hooked end type having aspect ratio of 50 with diameter
0.6mm and length 30mm with varying percentages of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2.0% volume fraction is added to the
concrete. Concrete is evaluated for compressive, split tensile and flexural strength at 7, 28 and 90 days, with the
addition of 1.5% fibres, test results show the maximum compressive, split tensile and flexural strength, it
becomes the optimum value. Split tensile and flexural strength of concrete is done only up to 1.5% volume.
Moreover, the results confirmed that the steel fibre reinforced concrete reduce cracking and improves flexure.
In vitro tests of adhesive and composite dental materialsSilas Toka
The document summarizes a review article on the relevance of in vitro tests of adhesive and composite dental materials. It discusses how laboratory tests are standardized according to ISO protocols to evaluate properties like depth of cure, flexural strength, water sorption and solubility. While laboratory tests provide useful data on material properties, they do not replace clinical studies. Some laboratory recommendations did not prove superior to simpler techniques in clinical trials. Additionally, unexpected clinical problems may arise that were not anticipated by laboratory testing alone, emphasizing the need to augment laboratory studies with long-term clinical evaluations.
Comparison and Optimization of Wear Rates of Two Types of Dental Composites O...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Effect of Loading Rates on Short-Beam Shear Testing of Fiberglass Reinforced ...Christopher (C.G.) Cruz
The document describes an experiment to test the effect of loading rate on the short-beam shear strength of fiberglass reinforced polyester sucker rods. Specimens were tested under three different loading rates (0.4 in/min, 0.2 in/min, and 0.05 in/min) according to the ASTM D2344 standard with some modifications to accommodate the cylindrical rod shape. Five specimens were tested for each loading rate and results were analyzed to determine if loading rate had a statistically significant effect on failure strength. The testing found that loading rate did impact failure strength and that the 0.2 in/min rate produced the most consistent results.
This document summarizes the results of a study that evaluated the effects of autoclaving on various properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) powder used for dentures. The study compared PMMA cured via conventional water bath versus autoclaving. Tests evaluated properties like transverse strength, hardness, surface roughness, tensile strength, water sorption, porosity, density, color stability and more. Statistical analysis found autoclaving significantly improved the transverse strength of PMMA compared to water bath curing. Autoclaving applied heat and pressure that may have altered the polymeric chains and enhanced strength.
Investigations in the compaction and sintering of large ceramic partsPeng Chen
The document discusses investigations into compaction and sintering of large ceramic parts. Specifically, it examines:
- Compacting and sintering a large ceramic ring part successfully using uniaxial die compaction.
- The effects of die design, compaction pressure, lubrication, sintering procedure and part orientation on part quality.
- Developing a finite element model to simulate the compaction process and validate the model's predictions against experimental results.
This document summarizes research on developing a novel dental implant material using a Ti-14%wtZr alloy. The goals are to enhance the mechanical strength of the alloy through equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and find the optimal lowest processing temperature. ECAP reduces grain size, increasing strength via the Hall-Petch relationship. The document reviews literature on Ti-Zr alloys' biocompatibility, ECAP processing, surface treatments to improve osseointegration, and shear band formation in titanium. Experimental methods include optical microscopy, SEM, tensile testing, and TEM to analyze microstructure and properties after various ECAP conditions.
Tensile properties of unidirectional glass/epoxy composites at different orie...IJERA Editor
In this work, Diglycidyl Ether of BisphenolA(DGEBA) / TriEthylene Tetra Amine(TETA) system is used as the epoxy matrix and unidirectional glass fabric is used to reinforce with the polymer matrix by hand layup and vacuum bagging process. The glass fibre reinforced composites are prepared with fibre orientations of 0°, 45° and 90°. The specimens, after preparation, are tested for various tensile properties at different angles of the laminate. The tensile properties studied in this case are Tensile Strength, Tensile Modulus, Specific Tensile Strength and Specific Tensile Modulus. The result shave then been tabulated and studied to understand variation in the properties with orientation of fibre in the composite. Experimental procedure is carried out as per ASTM D3039 standards.
IRJET - Behaviour of Rectangular SFRC Beam Specimens Under Combined State of ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated the behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) beams under combined flexure, compression, and shear loading. Rectangular SFRC beams of varying fiber content (0%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by volume) were tested. Beams were subjected to four levels of compression (0 kN, 40 kN, 50 kN, 60 kN) and flexural loading. Test results found that as fiber content and compression level increased, ultimate bending strength and deflection increased. The ductility of beams also increased with higher fiber content and compression. Including steel fibers improved the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural behavior of the concrete
This study evaluated the Knoop hardness of resin composite restorations photoactivated by different methods when different mold materials were used. Resin composite samples were cured using high-intensity continuous, low-intensity continuous, soft-start, or pulse-delay methods and placed in either a bovine tooth or metal mold. Knoop hardness was measured on the top and bottom surfaces. On the top surface, hardness did not differ between curing methods but was higher for the metal mold. On the bottom, high-intensity continuous curing produced higher hardness than low-intensity continuous, and hardness was influenced by the mold material used. The results indicate that photoactivation method and mold can impact hardness values of resin composite restorations.
This document provides an overview of mechanical and non-destructive testing methods for composite materials. It discusses various mechanical tests including hardness, tensile, compression, impact, and fatigue tests. It also discusses non-destructive testing methods such as visual inspection, liquid penetrant, magnetic particle, eddy current, ultrasonic, and radiographic testing. The document provides details on procedures and purposes for many of the most common tests used to evaluate composite material properties and identify defects.
This in vitro study evaluated the shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index of two fluoride-releasing sealants (Pro Seal and Opal Seal) compared to a control group using only Transbond XT adhesive. 105 extracted human premolars were bonded with brackets using the three materials and subjected to thermocycling. Shear bond strength testing found no significant differences between groups. Analysis of the adhesive remnant index found the control group was statistically different from the sealant groups, but there was no difference between the two sealants. The study concluded that fluoride-releasing sealants may help reduce white spot lesions associated with orthodontic treatment, but further clinical studies are needed to support the findings.
This document discusses measurement techniques for advanced materials systems. It covers topics like design considerations for advanced materials, fracture and failure analysis of composites, non-destructive testing and finite element analysis, innovations in advanced materials testing, and case studies. Measurement of properties like tensile, compressive, flexural, shear, fatigue, impact and hygrothermal behavior are described along with various testing standards and methods. Micromechanics modeling and nanoscale characterization techniques are also mentioned.
The document summarizes a study that investigated how adding glass flakes in concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 20% impacted the flexural and impact strength of denture base resins compared to an unmodified resin. Specimens were tested for flexural and impact strength based on ISO standards. Results showed flexural strength decreased with higher glass flake concentrations while impact strength was unchanged at 5% but decreased at 10% and 20%. The study concluded flexural and impact strength were lowest for the 20% glass flake modified resin group.
This document summarizes an experimental study that tested various materials for their suitability as implant materials. Pin-on-disc testing was conducted to analyze the tribological properties of five different materials - metals, ceramics and polymers. The experiments found that polymers exhibited better tribological performance than other materials tested under the given parameters due to their mechanical and medical properties. Specifically, wear volume and coefficient of friction were measured over time for different materials, including alumina and brass. Alumina showed higher wear resistance but brass had lower frictional force. The study aimed to find alternative implant materials to replace traditionally used metals that have limitations such as biocompatibility issues.
Strength properties of steel fibre and glass fibre compositesIAEME Publication
The document summarizes research that studied the strength properties of steel fibre and glass fibre composites in concrete. Specifically, it investigated the effect of adding different volumes of steel fibre (0.5-1%) and weights of glass fibre (0.15-0.25% of cement weight) on the split tensile and flexural strengths of M25 grade concrete. Cylindrical and beam specimens were cast and tested according to appropriate standards. The results showed that adding 0.75% steel fibre and 0.2% glass fibre by weight of cement (S6 mix) increased the split tensile strength of the concrete by 48.61% compared to the plain concrete mix without fibres.
On the use of machine learning for investigating the toughness of ceramic nan...Christos E. Athanasiou
This document describes a new machine learning approach for solving fracture mechanics problems when analytical solutions are not available. The authors develop regression tree and neural network models to predict fracture toughness from microcantilever geometry and loading conditions. They find that both approaches provide accurate results, but neural networks outperform regression trees with predictions within 1.5% of finite element simulations. This demonstrates that machine learning solutions can overcome limitations of empirical approaches and change how engineering problems are solved when analytical solutions cannot be obtained.
Behaviour of reinforced concrete beams with 50 percentage fly ashIAEME Publication
The document summarizes a study on the behavior of reinforced concrete beams with 50% fly ash replacement of cement. Nine beams were tested with and without fly ash at 28, 56, and 75 days. Beams were instrumented with strain gauges and LVDTs to measure deflections, cracks, and material stresses. Results showed that beams with 50% fly ash replacement exhibited significant improvements in flexural strength beyond 28 days compared to beams without fly ash.
This document summarizes 4 articles related to dental implants. The first article discusses a case study of one-piece implant design and concludes that it eliminates structural weaknesses of two-piece implants and increases success rates of immediately loaded implants with high insertion torque. The second article discusses factors affecting dental implant success including biocompatibility, tissue interactions, osteointegration and surface treatments. The third article assesses bone quality for implants and categorizes bone quality into 4 types. The fourth article provides an overview of corrosion aspects of titanium and its alloys used in dental implants.
This study compared the clinical performance of a polyacid modified resin composite (Dyract eXtra) and a nanocomposite (Filtek Supreme) when used with an antibacterial adhesive system (Clearfil Protect Bond) to restore noncarious cervical lesions over 2 years. 100 restorations were placed - 50 of each material - and evaluated at baseline and 6, 12, and 24 months using criteria like color match, marginal adaptation, retention, etc. Both materials showed acceptable clinical performance, though Filtek Supreme had a significantly better retention rate (100% vs 96% for Dyract eXtra). Some Dyract eXtra restorations were lost or fractured. Overall both materials can be suitable options for restoring
IRJET- Utilization & Effects of Crown Caps on Strength Properties of Conc...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on utilizing crown caps from beverage containers to improve the strength properties of concrete. The researchers conducted experiments adding crown caps as fiber reinforcement to concrete mixtures at 1% by weight. Tests found the concrete blocks with crown caps had a 25.88% increase in flexural strength compared to normal concrete. Additionally, other studies reviewed found fiber reinforcement can increase the compressive, tensile, and flexural strength of concrete. The utilization of waste crown caps in concrete is proposed as a way to improve strength properties while providing an environmentally friendly use for an industrial waste material.
Preparation and Characterization of Rubber Composites using Sawdust as Fillerijtsrd
The research work aims to prepare, characterize and apply the vulcanized rubber composites by using sawdust as filler. Sawdust was used as filler in the process of preparation of vulcanized rubber composites. The composite of natural rubber sawdust NR SD was prepared by being replaced the percent ratio 100 0 75 25 50 50 and 25 75 parts weight of natural rubber NR with SD vulcanized for rubbery goods. The surface morphology, elemental analysis and thermal degradation of the prepared NR SD composites were determined by SEM, EDXRF and TG DTA, respectively. The physic mechanical properties such as tensile strength tear strength, elongation at break, hardness and abrasive resistance of NR SD composites were determined by standard rubber testing methods. It was observed that the vulcanized NR SD composites were again determined by soaking in the selected organic solvents and oils ethanol, gasoline, diesel, engine oil, and used engine oil . Being used the sawdust as filler, it not only reduces the cost of production for appliances but also it is likely the supply of the maintenance for Green. Dr. Htoon Nay Oo ""Preparation and Characterization of Rubber Composites using Sawdust as Filler"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23683.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/23683/preparation-and-characterization-of--rubber-composites-using-sawdust-as-filler/dr-htoon-nay-oo
1) The document discusses the modeling, analysis, and validation of dual and quad non-hermetic IC packages using finite element analysis software.
2) Thermal, structural, and coupled field analyses are conducted to evaluate the effect of joule heating and various stresses on package performance.
3) Failure criteria such as Tsai-Wu and Azzi-Tsai-Hill theories are applied to check if design meets requirements under different operating conditions.
The document investigates the erosive wear performance of hybrid composites using the Taguchi approach. Hybrid composites of silk-jute-glass fiber reinforced epoxy were tested. The Taguchi method was used to design the experiment with factors like fiber percentage, impact angle, velocity, and distance. Results found that wear resistance increased as silk fiber percentage increased. Wear resistance of natural fibers was 90% of traditional glass fibers. Analysis found that the 10% silk reinforced glass composite had the highest signal-to-noise ratio, indicating best erosion resistance. It was concluded that natural fibers can provide erosion resistance close to traditional fibers.
Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are amorphous alloys that can be formed into bulk samples rather than just thin films. This document discusses BMGs and characterizes a Zr-based BMG alloy. It describes experiments using 3-point bending and wedge indentation to study shear band formation. Wedge indentation showed vein-like structures and shear bands initiating and propagating with increasing load. Nanoindentation found fracture surfaces weaker than the bulk. Finite element modeling used cohesive zone elements to simulate shear band propagation. Future work includes gradient plasticity modeling of nucleation and shear band effects.
Flexural Fatigue of Steel SAE 1040 and GFRP Automotive Anti Roll BarsPadmanabhan Krishnan
This document summarizes numerical and experimental investigations on the flexural fatigue behavior of glass/epoxy composite and SAE 1040 steel tubes for automotive applications. Static and fatigue flexural tests were conducted on composite and steel tube specimens. The composite specimens exhibited matrix cracking and delamination under static loading and additional damage like fiber pull-out under higher fatigue loads. Steel specimens showed plain morphology under lower fatigue loads but cracks and severe damage under higher loads. Finite element analysis using ANSYS was also conducted to predict fatigue life. Scanning electron microscopy revealed failure mechanisms like cracking and striations. Composite tubes showed potential to withstand high cycle fatigue loading.
This document discusses improving the properties of NiTi dental alloys through laser surface treatment. Key points:
- Laser surface treatment of NiTi samples led to a 1549% improvement in corrosion resistance and a 368% increase in hardness compared to untreated samples.
- Higher laser powers of 500-600W provided better results, with a 613% improvement in corrosion resistance and 141% increase in hardness over lower laser powers.
- Laser treatment also reduced nickel ion dissolution by 310%, with higher laser powers further lowering nickel ion release. Overall, laser surface treatment enhanced the corrosion resistance, hardness, and biocompatibility of the NiTi dental alloy.
To evaluate the effect of nanosilver particles in varying proportions (weight %) on mechanical properties of heat cure denture base resin - an in vitro study
Analyzing Adhesion of Epoxy/Steel Interlayer in Scratch TestIJERA Editor
The document summarizes a study that investigated how different parameters affect the adhesion strength of epoxy adhesives bonded to zinc-plated mild steel. Scratch tests were performed using two epoxy adhesives and zinc-plated mild steel adherends treated with different surface treatments. A Taguchi experimental design was used to test combinations of surface treatment, adhesive type, blade angle, and adhesive thickness. Results found that surface treatment and thickness were the most influential parameters, affecting scratch force by 52.4% and 19.9% respectively, and scratch energy by 44.0% and 25.6% respectively.
IRJET - Behaviour of Rectangular SFRC Beam Specimens Under Combined State of ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated the behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) beams under combined flexure, compression, and shear loading. Rectangular SFRC beams of varying fiber content (0%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by volume) were tested. Beams were subjected to four levels of compression (0 kN, 40 kN, 50 kN, 60 kN) and flexural loading. Test results found that as fiber content and compression level increased, ultimate bending strength and deflection increased. The ductility of beams also increased with higher fiber content and compression. Including steel fibers improved the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural behavior of the concrete
This study evaluated the Knoop hardness of resin composite restorations photoactivated by different methods when different mold materials were used. Resin composite samples were cured using high-intensity continuous, low-intensity continuous, soft-start, or pulse-delay methods and placed in either a bovine tooth or metal mold. Knoop hardness was measured on the top and bottom surfaces. On the top surface, hardness did not differ between curing methods but was higher for the metal mold. On the bottom, high-intensity continuous curing produced higher hardness than low-intensity continuous, and hardness was influenced by the mold material used. The results indicate that photoactivation method and mold can impact hardness values of resin composite restorations.
This document provides an overview of mechanical and non-destructive testing methods for composite materials. It discusses various mechanical tests including hardness, tensile, compression, impact, and fatigue tests. It also discusses non-destructive testing methods such as visual inspection, liquid penetrant, magnetic particle, eddy current, ultrasonic, and radiographic testing. The document provides details on procedures and purposes for many of the most common tests used to evaluate composite material properties and identify defects.
This in vitro study evaluated the shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index of two fluoride-releasing sealants (Pro Seal and Opal Seal) compared to a control group using only Transbond XT adhesive. 105 extracted human premolars were bonded with brackets using the three materials and subjected to thermocycling. Shear bond strength testing found no significant differences between groups. Analysis of the adhesive remnant index found the control group was statistically different from the sealant groups, but there was no difference between the two sealants. The study concluded that fluoride-releasing sealants may help reduce white spot lesions associated with orthodontic treatment, but further clinical studies are needed to support the findings.
This document discusses measurement techniques for advanced materials systems. It covers topics like design considerations for advanced materials, fracture and failure analysis of composites, non-destructive testing and finite element analysis, innovations in advanced materials testing, and case studies. Measurement of properties like tensile, compressive, flexural, shear, fatigue, impact and hygrothermal behavior are described along with various testing standards and methods. Micromechanics modeling and nanoscale characterization techniques are also mentioned.
The document summarizes a study that investigated how adding glass flakes in concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 20% impacted the flexural and impact strength of denture base resins compared to an unmodified resin. Specimens were tested for flexural and impact strength based on ISO standards. Results showed flexural strength decreased with higher glass flake concentrations while impact strength was unchanged at 5% but decreased at 10% and 20%. The study concluded flexural and impact strength were lowest for the 20% glass flake modified resin group.
This document summarizes an experimental study that tested various materials for their suitability as implant materials. Pin-on-disc testing was conducted to analyze the tribological properties of five different materials - metals, ceramics and polymers. The experiments found that polymers exhibited better tribological performance than other materials tested under the given parameters due to their mechanical and medical properties. Specifically, wear volume and coefficient of friction were measured over time for different materials, including alumina and brass. Alumina showed higher wear resistance but brass had lower frictional force. The study aimed to find alternative implant materials to replace traditionally used metals that have limitations such as biocompatibility issues.
Strength properties of steel fibre and glass fibre compositesIAEME Publication
The document summarizes research that studied the strength properties of steel fibre and glass fibre composites in concrete. Specifically, it investigated the effect of adding different volumes of steel fibre (0.5-1%) and weights of glass fibre (0.15-0.25% of cement weight) on the split tensile and flexural strengths of M25 grade concrete. Cylindrical and beam specimens were cast and tested according to appropriate standards. The results showed that adding 0.75% steel fibre and 0.2% glass fibre by weight of cement (S6 mix) increased the split tensile strength of the concrete by 48.61% compared to the plain concrete mix without fibres.
On the use of machine learning for investigating the toughness of ceramic nan...Christos E. Athanasiou
This document describes a new machine learning approach for solving fracture mechanics problems when analytical solutions are not available. The authors develop regression tree and neural network models to predict fracture toughness from microcantilever geometry and loading conditions. They find that both approaches provide accurate results, but neural networks outperform regression trees with predictions within 1.5% of finite element simulations. This demonstrates that machine learning solutions can overcome limitations of empirical approaches and change how engineering problems are solved when analytical solutions cannot be obtained.
Behaviour of reinforced concrete beams with 50 percentage fly ashIAEME Publication
The document summarizes a study on the behavior of reinforced concrete beams with 50% fly ash replacement of cement. Nine beams were tested with and without fly ash at 28, 56, and 75 days. Beams were instrumented with strain gauges and LVDTs to measure deflections, cracks, and material stresses. Results showed that beams with 50% fly ash replacement exhibited significant improvements in flexural strength beyond 28 days compared to beams without fly ash.
This document summarizes 4 articles related to dental implants. The first article discusses a case study of one-piece implant design and concludes that it eliminates structural weaknesses of two-piece implants and increases success rates of immediately loaded implants with high insertion torque. The second article discusses factors affecting dental implant success including biocompatibility, tissue interactions, osteointegration and surface treatments. The third article assesses bone quality for implants and categorizes bone quality into 4 types. The fourth article provides an overview of corrosion aspects of titanium and its alloys used in dental implants.
This study compared the clinical performance of a polyacid modified resin composite (Dyract eXtra) and a nanocomposite (Filtek Supreme) when used with an antibacterial adhesive system (Clearfil Protect Bond) to restore noncarious cervical lesions over 2 years. 100 restorations were placed - 50 of each material - and evaluated at baseline and 6, 12, and 24 months using criteria like color match, marginal adaptation, retention, etc. Both materials showed acceptable clinical performance, though Filtek Supreme had a significantly better retention rate (100% vs 96% for Dyract eXtra). Some Dyract eXtra restorations were lost or fractured. Overall both materials can be suitable options for restoring
IRJET- Utilization & Effects of Crown Caps on Strength Properties of Conc...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on utilizing crown caps from beverage containers to improve the strength properties of concrete. The researchers conducted experiments adding crown caps as fiber reinforcement to concrete mixtures at 1% by weight. Tests found the concrete blocks with crown caps had a 25.88% increase in flexural strength compared to normal concrete. Additionally, other studies reviewed found fiber reinforcement can increase the compressive, tensile, and flexural strength of concrete. The utilization of waste crown caps in concrete is proposed as a way to improve strength properties while providing an environmentally friendly use for an industrial waste material.
Preparation and Characterization of Rubber Composites using Sawdust as Fillerijtsrd
The research work aims to prepare, characterize and apply the vulcanized rubber composites by using sawdust as filler. Sawdust was used as filler in the process of preparation of vulcanized rubber composites. The composite of natural rubber sawdust NR SD was prepared by being replaced the percent ratio 100 0 75 25 50 50 and 25 75 parts weight of natural rubber NR with SD vulcanized for rubbery goods. The surface morphology, elemental analysis and thermal degradation of the prepared NR SD composites were determined by SEM, EDXRF and TG DTA, respectively. The physic mechanical properties such as tensile strength tear strength, elongation at break, hardness and abrasive resistance of NR SD composites were determined by standard rubber testing methods. It was observed that the vulcanized NR SD composites were again determined by soaking in the selected organic solvents and oils ethanol, gasoline, diesel, engine oil, and used engine oil . Being used the sawdust as filler, it not only reduces the cost of production for appliances but also it is likely the supply of the maintenance for Green. Dr. Htoon Nay Oo ""Preparation and Characterization of Rubber Composites using Sawdust as Filler"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23683.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/23683/preparation-and-characterization-of--rubber-composites-using-sawdust-as-filler/dr-htoon-nay-oo
1) The document discusses the modeling, analysis, and validation of dual and quad non-hermetic IC packages using finite element analysis software.
2) Thermal, structural, and coupled field analyses are conducted to evaluate the effect of joule heating and various stresses on package performance.
3) Failure criteria such as Tsai-Wu and Azzi-Tsai-Hill theories are applied to check if design meets requirements under different operating conditions.
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plasticiser and other chemicals on high performance concrete. Cement is replaced by 0%, 20% of Metakaolin by volume
of concrete, thus resulting in the increase in strength. Super-plasticizer is used to increase the workability of concrete,
increase the density and strength. It can permit the reduction in the water cement ratio up to 15%,.Dosage of superplasticizer
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Corrosion Behaviour of Titanium Anodized Film in Different Corrosive Environm...IJERA Editor
Anodizing is an electrochemical process in which thickness of the natural oxide layer is increased and converted it into a decorative, durable, corrosion-resistant film. Titanium is used as a biocompatible material in human implants due to its excellent corrosion and wears resistance. Stable, continuous, highly adherent, and protective oxide films can be developed on titanium using various acid or alkaline baths. Anodizing of titanium generates a spectrum of different color without use of dyes. This spectrum of color dependent on the thickness of the oxide, voltage ranges, interference of light reflecting off the oxide surface and reflecting off the underlying metal surface. The anodized film of Titanium is mainly consists of TiO2 or mixtures of TiO2 & Ti2O3 etc. In the present work, Pure Titanium plate has been anodized using bath of Chromic Acid at different voltage range. The anodized film is characterized by visual observation, SEM & EDAX analysis & A.C Impedance Spectroscopy, while the corrosion studies were performed using Potentiodynamic studies were performed in 3.5% NaCl & 0.1N H2SO4. The Results show that the anodized film of Titanium show different spectrum of colors from Brown-Violet-Tea or Peacock. SEM & EDAX analyses show that the anodized film of Titanium is mainly made up of TiO2 and Ti2O3. Potentiodynamic study implies that the film developed on Titanium using the bath of Chromic Acid exhibits good corrosion resistance. The A.C. Impedance study shows that the film is more compact, adherent and more uniform in chromic acid bath.
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The document investigates how varying the length and dosage of nylon fibers affects the compressive and split tensile strength of concrete over 7 and 28 days. Concrete cubes and cylinders were cast containing nylon fibers of lengths 30mm and 50mm and dosages from 0.1-0.6% by weight. Testing found that compressive and tensile strength generally increased with 0.3% fiber content and 30mm length, with higher strengths than plain concrete. However, higher dosages decreased strength by reducing workability. The optimum dosage was found to be 0.3% at 30mm length fiber, improving crack resistance and post-failure strength through fiber bridging.
1) The study tested the effect of adding polypropylene fibers at different volume fractions on the mechanical properties of concrete.
2) It found that the compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, reserve strength, and ductility of concrete increased with the addition of polypropylene fibers up to a volume fraction of 1%.
3) The maximum improvements were 15.75% for split tensile strength and 25.49% for ductility when 1% polypropylene fibers by volume were added.
The Comparison of Properties of Tinplates during Uniaxial and Biaxial Stresstheijes
The majority of thin steel sheets is used to make of food covers, cans, capsules and other products, which are produced by metal forming. Concerning considerable changes in production of tinplates and still higher requests on their properties there is requirement to use such methods on their evaluation, which are able to determine especially mechanical and plastic properties of sheets quickly and with the low costs. Following of present know-how there were developed new testing methods, which correspond more to steel sheets stress during technological treatment (concerning their stress-strain state). In the contribution we deal with the comparison of properties of tinplates during uniaxial tensile test and biaxial tensile test.
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This document summarizes the aim and methods of a study comparing microwave-cured glass fiber-reinforced acrylic resin to conventional heat-cured acrylic resin. The study measured dimensional changes, impact strength, flexural strength, and hardness of specimens made from each resin, both before and after repeated microwave disinfection treatments. Key findings were that microwave disinfection did not affect dimensional changes, glass fiber-reinforced resin showed higher flexural strength both before and after disinfection, and hardness of conventional resin decreased after disinfection while reinforced resin hardness remained stable. The study concluded microwave disinfection is a simple method for denture disinfection and further research is needed on fiber reinforcement and its effects.
IRJET- Investigation of Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Aluminu...IRJET Journal
The document investigates the mechanical and tribological properties of aluminum composites reinforced with boron carbide, silicon carbide, and carbon nanotubes. Three composites were fabricated through stir casting: an unreinforced aluminum alloy, one with 2.5wt% boron carbide and 2.5wt% silicon carbide, and one with those reinforcements plus 0.1wt% carbon nanotubes. Testing showed that the reinforced composites had higher hardness, tensile strength, and wear resistance than the unreinforced alloy. The composite with all three reinforcements had the best properties, with an increase in tensile strength and ductility over the other composite. Microstructural analysis confirmed homogeneous distribution of the
This document summarizes research on the elastic-plastic properties of Zr-Cu based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) through indentation and numerical studies. Key findings include:
1) Wedge indentation experiments were conducted on Zr48Cu36Al8Ag8 BMG samples to analyze shear band formation and propagation underneath the indenter.
2) Finite element modeling using cohesive zone elements was able to simulate shear band initiation and damage propagation based on experimental results.
3) Preliminary results show that the deformability of the indenter can affect shear band initiation and propagation patterns in the BMG material. Further modeling is being done to better capture shear band nucleation and effects.
Similar to silver nanoparticles relation on properties of silicone elastomer (20)
This document discusses various techniques for managing soft tissues during fixed prosthodontic procedures, including methods for exposing finish lines and enlarging gingival sulci. It describes traditional mechanical and chemomechanical methods using retraction cords as well as more recent advances like lasers, magic foam, Expasyl, and Aquasil cordless systems. The techniques aim to displace gingiva and control bleeding to obtain clear impressions and cement restorations with proper marginal fit. Both non-surgical and surgical methods are covered, along with important considerations for each approach.
This document provides definitions and classifications for direct and indirect retainers used in removable partial dentures. It discusses different types of attachments including intracoronal and extracoronal attachments. Key parts of clasp assemblies like the rest, body, shoulder, and retentive arm are defined. Factors affecting clasp retention like tooth contours, clasp design, and materials are covered. The functional requirements of clasps including retention, stability, support, encirclement, reciprocity and passivity are summarized. Guidelines for selecting appropriate clasps based on factors like survey lines and tooth support are also presented.
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Pemphigus vulgaris in prosthodontics ,power pointdellasain
This document summarizes several articles related to prosthetic rehabilitation and treatment of patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV), an autoimmune blistering disease of the skin and mucosa. The main article describes a clinical case where a 70-year old female patient with PV underwent placement of two dental implants to support a mandibular overdenture. Her treatment and 32-month follow-up were uncomplicated, demonstrating implant-retained overdentures can improve comfort and function for PV patients. Related articles discuss additional cases of PV patients who were successfully rehabilitated with fixed prostheses or removable dentures while managing their disease.
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This document provides an overview of titanium, including its history, forms, properties, and applications. Some key points:
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- Commercially pure titanium and titanium alloys like Ti-6Al-4V are the forms most used. Grades vary in oxygen and iron content.
- Titanium forms a stable oxide layer that protects its surface from corrosion. This layer allows for strong bonding to other materials.
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2. Careful consideration of these landmarks aids in properly distributing forces from the denture bases onto the supporting tissues and designing denture borders that are harmonious with normal function of surrounding structures.
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In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
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An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
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Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
silver nanoparticles relation on properties of silicone elastomer
1. JOURNAL CLUB PRESENTATION
Effect of adding silver nanoparticle on physical and
mechanical properties of maxillofacial silicone
elastomer material-an in-vitro study
Chowdhary R. J Prosthodont Res. 2020:64(4):431-5.
DELLA S INDRAN
I MDS
3. INTRODUCTION
Maxillofacial prosthesis has revolutionized in the field of prosthodontics rendering
solutions to restore facial mutilations associated with congenital malformations,
acquired surgical defects and trauma.
There are 2 types :-
• Room Temperature Vulcanizing (RTV) Silicone
• Heat Temperature Vulcanizing (HTV) Silicone
4. IDEAL PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
High resistance to abrasion
High tear strength
High tensile strength
Low coefficient of friction
Low surface tension
Low thermal conductivity
No water sorption
Ease of processing
Ease of repair or re-fabrication if needed
5. The main challenge encountered in the performance of an better facial
prosthesis is the degradation in appearance, either due to changes in
colour or deterioration of Physical properties.
6. NANOPARTICLES AND PROPERTIES
Nanoparticles are synthetic or natural macromolecules of size 10 to 100 nm.
Enhanced electrical and heat conductivity.
Increased tensile properties and strength.
Magnetic properties.
Optical properties.
7. EFFECT OF ADDING SILVER NANOPARTICLES ON
PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF
MAXILLOFACIAL SILICONE ELASTOMER:AN
INVITRO STUDY
PURPOSE:
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of silver nanoparticle
incorporation into maxillofacial silicone material (Teksil 25) on its tear strength,
hardness and colour stability.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Total of 180 specimens were fabricated, 90 dumbbell and 90 trouser shaped
specimens prepared according to American Society of Testing and Materials( ASTM
) No: D412, No: D624.
8.
9. GROUP I( 60 )specimens GROUP II( 60 )specimens GROUP III(60 ) specimens
For hardness test Tear strength Colour stability
Gp I a Gp I b Gp 2a Gp 2b Gp 3a Gp 3b
(Without AgNps) (with AgNps) ( without AgNps ) ( with AgNps ) ( without AgNps) (with AgNps)
30 specimens 30 specimens 30 specimens 30 specimens 30 specimens 30 specimens
10. MAKING OF SPECIMENS
By weighing in an electronic weighing machine, base and catalyst
parts are mixed together in ratio 9:1.
For half of the part, silver nanoparticles added in a concentration
of 20 ppm and the rest without addition of silver nanoparticles, used as
control groups.
The mixed silicone material then poured in dumbbell and trouser shaped
mould specimens.
11. PROPERTIES CHECKING
HARDNESS
Durometer is used for checking.
Digital shore A hardness test is used.
Two dumbbell specimens of 3mm were stacked together to obtain a
minimum thickness of 6 mm at a time.
Five sites were measured for each specimen, with 12 mm distance
between each sites and a 6 mm distance from the edge of the specimen.
The measured specimens removed and new specimens placed,
the procedure repeated.
12. TEAR STRENGTH
Tear strength defined as maximum force required to break the specimen
divided by the thickness of the specimens.
The thickness of the specimen measured at the intersection of the trouser
leg with Vernier calliper.
To measure force required for breaking specimen, specimen placed in the
jaws of the universal testing machine and stretched at a rate of 500 ram / rain.
13. COLOUR STABILITY
Spectrophometer used to measure colour stability.
Data measured in CIE L*a*b* system. CIE Lab colour scale
used to measure the colour.
14. RESULTS
Tear strength, hardness, colour stability measured.
The mean difference and standard deviation of silicones
without nanoparticles in comparison to silicones with
nanoparticles were calculated.
The independent sample’s “t” test used to test significance
differences in the properties.
15.
16. CONCLUSION
Silver nanoparticles at 20 ppm concentration, decreased hardness and
there is no much significant change for tear strength and colour stability
of silicone elastomer.
18. EFFECT OF NANO-OXIDE CONCENTRATION
ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF A
MAXILLOFACIAL SILICONE ELASTOMER
Han Y, Kiat-amnuay S, Powers JM, Zhao Y. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2008 Dec 1;100(6):
465-73.
AIM
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of
nano sized oxides of various composition on the mechanical properties of
a commercially available silicone elastomer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Silicone A-2186 maxillofacial elastomer used.
19. Nano sized oxides (Ti, Zn, or Ce) were added in various concentrations
(0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%,or 3.0% by weight) to a commercial
silicone elastomer (A-2186). Silicone elastomer A-2186 without
nano sized oxides taken as a control group.
20. Dumbbell shaped mould (ASTM D 421) used for making specimens for
checking tensile and percentage elongation.
Trouser shaped mould (ASTM D 624 )used for making specimens for
checking tear strength.
21. GROUPS
Total of 180 specimens prepared.
Eighteen experimental groups of elastomers were made by combining
the silicone elastomer A-2186 with various amounts of 3 nano-oxides:
0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, and 3.0%.
Silicone elastomer A-2186, without added nanosized oxides, served as
the control group.
Five dumbbell shaped specimens of each combination were made for
testing ultimate strength and elongation according to ASTM D412.
Five trouser-shaped specimens were made for testing tear strength
according to ASTM D624.
To prepare specimens for the 18 experimental groups, nano oxides were
mixed with the silicone base by hand for 20 minutes using wooden
tongue depressors on a glass plate
22. TENSILE STRENGTH ( TS ) AND PERCENTAGE ELONGATION ( PE )
TS = peak force
width x thickness
Thickness and width calculated using Vernier calliper.
To check force, dumbbell shaped specimen was placed in the grips of the universal
testing machine, the specimen was symmetrically adjusted so as to distribute tension
uniformly over the cross section.
The rate of grip separation was 8.5 mm/ min, the maximum load immediately prior
to breaking (N) was obtained, and the tensile strength was calculated.
23. The length of specimen after break is calculated using Vernier calliper.
PE = Lb – Lo x 100
Lo
where Lb = length of specimen at break
Lo = original length.
24. TEAR STRENGTH
Tear strength is the max force required to break the specimen divided by
thickness of the specimen.
Thickness measured by using Vernier calliper.
To check force required to break specimen, specimen placed in the jaws of
the universal testing machine and stretched at a rate of 500 ram / rain.
25. RESULT
Mean values of tear strength, tensile strength, percentage elongation was measured.
2 - Way ANOVA test used to measure difference in significance.
TEAR STRENGTH( mean )
28. CONCLUSION
It was concluded that the addition of Nano-oxide particles of Ti, Zn, or Ce to silicone
elastomer improved mechanical properties when the concentrations ranged between
2.0% and 2.5% by weight
29. BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NANO TIO2
ADDITION TO A MEDICAL SILICONE
ELASTOMER:THE EFFECT OF ARTIFICIAL
AGING.
Wang L, Liu Q, Jing D, Zhou S, Shao L. Journal of dentistry. 2014 Apr 1;42(4):475-83.
AIM:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of titanium dioxide
nanoparticles on mechanical and anti-aging properties of a silicone elastomer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Medical elastomer MDX4-4210 used.
Titanium dioxide of concentration of 2%, 4%, 6% (w/w) used.
30. Thirty six dumbbell shaped specimens made for checking tensile strength,
elongation at break.
Twenty four crescent shaped specimens prepared to measure tear strength.
Twelve bar shaped specimens prepared to check shore A hardness.
31. TENSILE STRENGTH AND PERCENTAGE ELONGATION
Thirty six dumbbell shaped specimens prepared, force measured
with tensile strength testing machine.
Thickness measured with Vernier calliper.
TS = FORCE
THICKNESS
Elongation = Lb – Lo x100
Lo
32. • TEAR STRENGTH
Twenty four cresent shaped specimens prepared, strength at tearing
measured using tensile testing machine.
Thickness of specimen measured by Vernier calliper.
Tear strength = Force at tear
Thickness
33. SHORE A HARDNESS
Twelve bar shaped specimens prepared, each specimens read at 5 points.
Shore A hardness measured using durometer.
34. • ANTI AGEING TEST
• THERMAL AGING
The 6 % (w/w ) composites and the blank silicone elastomer were subjected to thermal
aging procedures in a high temperature chamber.
Aging procedures were conducted at high temperaturesof 50, 100, 150, 200 degree
celcius for 72 hrs.
The tensile strength before and after aging was calculated.
35. • UV AGEING
• The ageing test performed in the QUV Weathering Tester.
• The 6% composites were exposed to UV irradiation by applying a lamp type
• UVA-340 for 24, 48, 72 hrs.
• The values of tensile strength before and after ageing were recorded.
36. STRESS FATIGUE
The specimens were subjected to stress fatigue for 66 700, 133 300, 200 000,266 700
cycles at room temperature.
The load was applied through a stainless steel plate at force of 75 N at a speed of 72
times / min.
The tensile strength before and after ageing were tested
37. RESULT
Data collected was analysed by one – way ANOVA test.
Tensile strength insignificant increase, at 2 and 4 % , while at 6 % tensile strength
increased.
There is an increase in elongation at break at 2 %, and has a significant decrease
at 6 %.
At 2 % there is an increase in tear strength, at 6 and 4% there is an decreased
trend.
Shore A hardness increased at 2,4,6 %, with significant increase at 6 %.
38.
39. • AGEING
THERMAL AGEING
The effect of aging at 6% was not statistically significant, however at 0 % ,there is
significant decrease in reduction of tensile strength.
40. • UV AGING
At 6 % w / w, there is an increase in tensile strength irrespective of ageing interval
compared to 0 % w/w.
41. • STRESS FATIGUE
The effect of accelerated stress cycling on the tensile strength was not statistically
significant in 6 % group, slight decrease was there with 0 % group.
42. CONCLUSION
Silicone elastomer with 2 % nanoparticles increased physical properties, however
elongation at break and tear strength at 6 % w/w was significantly compromised.
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles improved anti thermal ageing properties of silicone
elastomer.
43. IN VITRO COMPARISON OF COMPRESSIVE AND
TENSILE STRENGTHS OF ACRYLIC RESINS
REINFORCED BY SILVER NANOPARTICLES AT 2%
AND 0.2% CONCENTRATIONS
• Ghaffari T, Hamedi-Rad F. . J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects. 2015;9(1):40-43.
AIM
This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of adding silver nanoparticles
(AgNPs) to PMMA at 2% and 0.2% concentrations on compressive and tensile
strengths of PMMA.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA; SR Triplex Hot) heat curing acrylic was used.
44. silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with a diameter of <35 nm were used.
AgNPs in two concentration groups at 0.2 and 2 wt% were mixed with
heat-curing acrylic resin.
A total of 36 specimens were prepared,
18 specimens of each test were divided into 3 groups as follows:
• Group A: 6 specimens of pure acrylic resin were used as the control group.
• Group B: 6 specimens of PMMA were mixed with 0.2 wt% of AgNPs.
• Group C: 6 specimens of PMMA were mixed with 2 wt% of AgNPs
45. GROUPS
• TOTAL= 36 SPECIMENS
• 18 SPECIMENS FOR 18 SPECIMENS FOR
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TENSILE STRENGTH
•
• GROUP A GROUP A
• GROUP B GROUP B
• GROUP C GROUP C
46. Compressive strength measurement apparatus and universal tensile
strength measurement apparatus were used to determine compressive
and tensile strengths of the samples.
Based on ASTM D 695-02a (ISO 604) standard recommended by the
measurement device manufacturer, eighteen compressive strength test
samples were prepared.
The specimens were formed in cylinders with dimensions of 25×38 mm
with a metal mould.
Another eighteen specimens were prepared for tensile test with
rectangular cubic shape, measuring 2×20×200 mm in size according
ASTM D638-10 (ISO 527).
The specimens recovered were checked for tear and compressive strength.
47. RESULT
Mean of values calculated.
One way ANOVA test used to check difference in significance.
The compressive strengths in various groups showed that acrylic resin at 0.2% and
2% AgNPs concentrations had a significantly higher compressive strength compared
with the control group.
The strength difference between the groups containing 0.2% and 2% AgNPs was not
of much significance.
48. • TENSILE STRENGTH
Tensile strength has significantly decreased in case for 2 % as compared
with control groups.
49. CONCLUSION
The results showed that the effect of AgNPs significantly depends on its
concentration.
Based on the results adding AgNPs with proper concentrations to PMMA
can improve its mechanical characteristics without any adverse effects.
50. EFFECT OF INCORPORATION OF SILVER
NANOPARTICLES ON THE TENSILE BOND
STRENGTH OF A LONG TERM SOFT DENTURE
LINER
• Habibzadeh S, Omidvaran A, Eskandarion S, Shamshiri AR. European Journel of Dentistry. 2020 Mar,
14(2),268.
• AIM
This study aimed at assessing the effect of the addition of silver nanoparticles (SNPs)
to a silicone soft liner on its tensile bond strength to denture base resin.
• MATERIALS AND METHODS
A two-compartment mould stainless steel (length: 65 mm, width: 22 mm, height: 15
mm) was prepared by laser cutting and used to fabricate 120 acrylic blocks
(Acropars) by the lost wax technique.
51. The mould was lubricated with petroleum jelly. Cereswax
was melted in a heater and poured into the mould. After about
15 minutes, the two compartments of the mould were
separated and the wax pattern was removed and placed in
20°C water to prevent the dimensional changes.
Each wax pattern was divided into two equal halves measuring
8 × 8 × 20 mm to create a 4 mm thickness of liner between
the two acrylic blocks.
52. Heat-cured acrylic resin (Acropars) with a powder liquid ratio of 3:1 was prepared
according to the manufacturer’s instructions and after trial packing (under 3000 Psi
hydraulic press) baked at 70°C in water for 9 hours.
The soft liner selected in this study was Mucopren autocure silicone long-term liner
supplied as two pastes .
53. The base and the catalyst were injected equally by an injection gun on two separate
pads. The base, catalyst, and pad were separately weighed by a digital scale. SNPs (
80–100 nm in size) in 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 wt% were weighted and mixed first with the
base of the soft liner for 100 seconds and then the mixture was added to the catalyst
and mixed for another 60 seconds.
54. Stainless steel moulds were lubricated with petroleum jelly, and acrylic
blocks were placed in them. Mucopren bonding agent was applied on
the acrylic surface, according to the manufacturer’s instructions. One
layer was applied first and the second layer after one minute and allowed
to dry for 30 seconds. Using a 3 mL volume syringe the soft liner was
injected into the space between the acrylic blocks. To create a smooth
surface, a thin glass slide measuring 22 × 22 × 13 mm was placed over
the blocks, allowing 10 minutes for the complete set. The acrylic blocks/
soft liner combination was removed from the mould and incubated at 37°C
for 2 days.
55. TENSILE STRENGTH AND AGEING PROCEDURE
After two days, 60 samples were subjected to the tensile bond strength test at a crosshead
speed of 5 mm/minute using a universal testing machine.
The remaining 60 samples were subjected to 3000 thermal cycles in 5 and 55°C
temperatures with a dwell time of 30 seconds before the tensile bond strength test. For
each specimen, the maximum tensile strength before failure was recorded.
Data were summarized as mean and standard deviation. As the interaction effect of NPs
concentrations and thermocycling on tensile bound strength became significant, data was
analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent t-test using SPSS
version.
56. One-way ANOVA was carried out to assess the effect of the addition of
different concentrations of NPs on tensile bond strength in thermocycled
and nonthermocycled groups.
Independent t-test was performed to compare the effect of thermocycling
in each NP concentration.
57.
58. RESULTS
In nonthermocycled group, the addition of SNPs in all concentrations decreased the
tensile bond strength.
However, in the thermocycled group, the addition of SNPs had an inverse effect on the
tensile bond strength and by an increase in the concentration of SNPs, the tensile bond
strength increased.
Thermocycling in 0 (control) and 1wt% SNP groups caused a significant reduction in the
bond strength compared with the nonthermocycled group.
The same results were obtained in 2 wt% and 3 wt% SNP groups. Therefore, the effect of
thermocycling on the tensile bond strength was also significant in all concentrations and
the tensile bond strength of the nonthermocycled group was significantly higher than
that of the thermocycled group.
59.
60. CONCLUSION
The results showed that the addition of 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 wt% SNPs to mucopren
soft liner reduced its tensile bond strength to denture acrylic resin.
Thermocycling decreased the tensile bond strength of soft liner to denture acrylic
resin. Therefore, SNP addition to mucopren soft silicone liner to improve its
antifungal properties may adversely affect its tensile bond strength to denture
acrylic resin.
61. IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT OF THE TISSUE
CONDITIONER CONTAINING SILVER NANOPARTICLES
• Nam KY. The journal of advanced prosthodontics. 2011;3(1):20.
PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to identify in vitro antimicrobial activity of the tissue
conditioner containing silver nanoparticles on microbial strains, Staphylococcus aureus,
Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans.
• MATERIALS AND METHODS
• 1. Preparation of silver nanoparticles
• Aqueous silver sol was prepared with 10.0 mm of analytical grade AgNO3 in distilled
water and 2.0% PVP (Polyvinyl Pyrrolidon) used as stabilizer. All solutions were
deaerated by bubbling with argon gas for 1 hour and then they were irradiated in the
field of 20 KGy Co Gamma-ray sources.
62.
63. • 2. Sample fabrication (Ag - tissue conditioner)
• The tissue conditioner selected in this study was GC Soft-Liner (GC cooperation,
Tokyo, Japan) supplied as powder and liquid. Colloidal Ag was combined and
homogenized with the conditioner liquid in a sterile glass beaker at the concentration
ranging from 0 (control), 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 to 3.0% (vol/vol %: Colloidal Ag
/conditioner liquid) respectively. Immediately afterwards, the conditioner powder was
added and mixed for 30 seconds at designated powder/liquid ratio as manufacturer's
instruction. In order to fabricate samples into uniform shape with regular surface, the
mixed paste of conditioner was poured onto a custom-made brass mould with the
hole (20 mm diameter × 3.0 mm depth). The mixed paste was sandwiched between
glass-slides until it was solidified under humid condition. The total 162 samples were
prepared and they were divided into six groups (n = 27) according to the
concentration of Ag incorporated.
64. • 3. Microorganisms
• Three standard strain organisms were used: S. aureus (ATCC 6538), S. mutans
(ATCC 10449) and C. albicans (ATCC 14053). Microbial suspensions were
obtained from single colony isolated on agar plates, inoculated in appropriate
broth for overnight cultures. Bacterial strains were grown in brainheart infusion
(BHI) broth and Mueller Hinton agar plates at 37℃ and C. albicans strain was
grown in Schaedler broth and Sabouraud agar plates at 30℃. After incubating
microbial cells at 37℃ overnight, optical density (OD) of the suspension at 600 nm
was adjusted to 1.0 using a spectrophotometer (Milton Roy spectrophotometer ).
The suspension was diluted with phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4) to 1:100 and
suspended to final concentration of 1.0 × 107 cells/mL.
65. • 4. Antimicrobial assay
• Each disc sample of Ag -tissue conditioner and control were placed on the flat
bottom of the separate 12-well cell culture plate of 22.1 mm well diameter and
100 μL of initial microbial suspensions in 1.0 ml of Sabouraud broth were
inoculated to each well and incubated at 37℃. After incubation for 24 hrs and
72 hrs for extended contact period, suspension (100 μL) was withdrawn, viable
cells (CFU: Colony Forming Unit) in the suspension were determined by using the
spread plate method at a level of detection with in 500 CFU per plate through the
serial dilution. Assays were independently performed with three repetitive tests
and data were recorded as means and standard deviations. According to
conventional standards, the borderline of antimicrobial effect was determined at
0.1% viable cells. Data were analyzed by oneway ANOVA and Student t-test at a
0.05 probability level.
66. • RESULTS
• When compared to CFU at 0 hour, Control group (0% Ag) did not showed any
microbial inhibitory effect against all tested strains. For two bacterial strains, S.
aureus and S. mutans, Ag-tissue conditioner samples showed the minimal
bactericidal effects (MBC) at the dose of above 0.1% and no viable cells were detected
(no CFU) from the conditions of 1.0% above. And for fungal strain of C. albicans, Ag-
tissue conditioner samples showed the minimal fungicidal concentration at the dose
of above 0.5% and no CFU was detected in 2.0% above. There was no statistical
difference between 24 hrs and extended 72 hrs incubation time (P > .05) for the
antimicrobial effect.
67.
68. • CONCLUSION
• Within the limitations of present in vitro study, the modified tissue conditioner
combined with silver nanoparticles displayed antimicrobial properties against
S. aureus, S. mutans at 0.1% Ag incorporated and C. albicans at 0.5% Ag
incorporated after a 24 hrs and 72 hrs incubation period.
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