Signs of a heroin addict
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It's easier for heroin addicts to detox in the earlier stages of their addiction when the physical withdrawals aren't as bad and the addict is less set in their ways.
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Nimh schizophrenia-quadfold
Schizophrenia is a serious brain illness that causes symptoms like hallucinations, delusions, and disordered thinking. It typically develops between ages 16-30 and is equally common in men and women. While there is no cure, medication and psychosocial treatments can help manage symptoms. Families play an important role in supporting treatment and everyday functioning for those with schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia
SCHIZOPHRENIA:
slide 1: A long-term mental disorder of a type involving a breakdown in the relation between thought, emotion, and behavior, leading to faulty perception, inappropriate actions and feelings, withdrawal from reality and personal relationships into fantasy and delusion, and a sense of mental fragmentation.
slide 14: Types:
• Paranoid-type schizophrenia is characterized by delusions and auditory hallucinations (hearing voices that don't exist) but relatively normal intellectual functioning and expression of emotions. People with paranoid-type schizophrenia can exhibit anger, aloofness, anxiety, and can be argumentative.
• Disorganized-type schizophrenia is characterized by speech and behavior that are disorganized or difficult to understand, and flattening or inappropriate emotions. People with disorganized-type schizophrenia may laugh inappropriately for no apparent reason, make illogical statements, or seem preoccupied with their own thoughts or perceptions. Their disorganized behavior may disrupt normal activities, such as showering, dressing, and preparing meals.
• Undifferentiated-type schizophrenia is characterized by some symptoms seen in all of the above types, but not enough of any one of them to define it as another particular type of schizophrenia.
• Residual-type schizophrenia is characterized by a past history of at least one episode of schizophrenia, but the person currently has no "positive" symptoms (such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, or behavior). It may represent a transition between a full-blown episode and complete remission, or it may continue for years without any further psychotic episodes.
Catatonic Schizophrenia
This type of schizophrenia includes extremes of behavior, including:
Catatonic excitement - overexcitement or hyperactivity, in which the patient may mimic sounds (echolalia) or movements (achopraxia) around them.
Catatonic stupor - a dramatic reduction in activity in which the patient cannot speak, move or respond. Virtually all movements stops.
Conclusion
It is clear now, through the use of genetic linkage studies and microbiology, that schizophrenia does indeed have a biological explanation. However, the biological explanation is only part of the story. A yet unknown combination of intense stress, sociocultural situations, and cognitive processes may lead to the actual onset of schizophrenia aided by natural precursors. The most compelling explanation seems to be that a genetically inherited biological abnormality gives rise to hallucinations/delusions as a result of intense stress and eventually leads to other negative symptoms in reaction to the hallucinations/ delusions. At any rate, the current understanding of schizophrenia explains that the symptoms, however easily identifiable, are the result of a complex interaction between nature and nurture that can be treated adequately through the use of atypical anti psychotic drugs and psychotherapy.
Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorder
Schizophrenia is a disorder that affects approximately 1% of the population. It has genetic influences and possible causes include abnormalities in brain functioning and chemical imbalances. Treatment involves psychotherapy, group therapy, family therapy, and medications. Antipsychotic medications help normalize biochemical imbalances and reduce relapse risk, though they can cause side effects ranging from mild to serious.
Case Study: Schizophrenia
Jeremy, a 21-year-old pizza delivery man, has been experiencing auditory hallucinations and delusions for the past three months while working. He has trouble focusing on tasks and following conversations. Based on his symptoms, the psychiatrist diagnoses Jeremy with schizophrenia. To confirm the diagnosis, tests are performed to rule out other potential causes and further examine his thoughts, moods, and mental status. Schizophrenia is thought to involve excessive dopamine activity in the brain and abnormal synaptic pruning, though the exact mechanisms are unknown. Lifelong treatment typically involves antipsychotic medication alongside therapy.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder HY
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inattentive and/or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms that have been present before age 12. Common inattentive symptoms include difficulty focusing and being organized, while hyperactive symptoms include excessive talking and fidgeting. Treatment involves stimulant medications, nonstimulant drugs, or behavioral therapy to address symptoms that impair functioning at home and school.
Schizophernia case presentation
A 33-year-old male presented with symptoms of loss of interest, lethargy, and reduced mental and physical well-being for the past 6-7 years. He has a family history of possible psychiatric illness in his grandfather. On examination, he displayed anxious and inappropriate behavior, impaired comprehension, rapid speech, an anxious mood, paranoid delusions, and impaired judgment and insight. He was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia based on his symptoms. Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder caused by genetic and environmental factors. It involves positive symptoms like hallucinations and delusions as well as negative symptoms and is typically treated with antipsychotic medication.
psychosis
Psychosis refers to an abnormal condition of the mind described as involving a "loss of contact with reality". It can be caused by genetics, trauma, medical conditions, or drugs. Symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking and behavior, and difficulty concentrating. Diagnosis involves considering psychosis in someone withdrawing socially or performing worse at work/school without explanation. Treatment options include antipsychotic medications, psychotherapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy.
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a long-term mental disorder involving a breakdown in thought, emotion and behavior. It causes symptoms like hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking. It is treated with antipsychotic medications which help control symptoms, though they come with side effects. Living with schizophrenia is challenging due to the distressing voices and paranoid thoughts, but treatment and social support can help improve quality of life.
Recommended
Nimh schizophrenia-quadfold
Schizophrenia is a serious brain illness that causes symptoms like hallucinations, delusions, and disordered thinking. It typically develops between ages 16-30 and is equally common in men and women. While there is no cure, medication and psychosocial treatments can help manage symptoms. Families play an important role in supporting treatment and everyday functioning for those with schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia
SCHIZOPHRENIA:
slide 1: A long-term mental disorder of a type involving a breakdown in the relation between thought, emotion, and behavior, leading to faulty perception, inappropriate actions and feelings, withdrawal from reality and personal relationships into fantasy and delusion, and a sense of mental fragmentation.
slide 14: Types:
• Paranoid-type schizophrenia is characterized by delusions and auditory hallucinations (hearing voices that don't exist) but relatively normal intellectual functioning and expression of emotions. People with paranoid-type schizophrenia can exhibit anger, aloofness, anxiety, and can be argumentative.
• Disorganized-type schizophrenia is characterized by speech and behavior that are disorganized or difficult to understand, and flattening or inappropriate emotions. People with disorganized-type schizophrenia may laugh inappropriately for no apparent reason, make illogical statements, or seem preoccupied with their own thoughts or perceptions. Their disorganized behavior may disrupt normal activities, such as showering, dressing, and preparing meals.
• Undifferentiated-type schizophrenia is characterized by some symptoms seen in all of the above types, but not enough of any one of them to define it as another particular type of schizophrenia.
• Residual-type schizophrenia is characterized by a past history of at least one episode of schizophrenia, but the person currently has no "positive" symptoms (such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, or behavior). It may represent a transition between a full-blown episode and complete remission, or it may continue for years without any further psychotic episodes.
Catatonic Schizophrenia
This type of schizophrenia includes extremes of behavior, including:
Catatonic excitement - overexcitement or hyperactivity, in which the patient may mimic sounds (echolalia) or movements (achopraxia) around them.
Catatonic stupor - a dramatic reduction in activity in which the patient cannot speak, move or respond. Virtually all movements stops.
Conclusion
It is clear now, through the use of genetic linkage studies and microbiology, that schizophrenia does indeed have a biological explanation. However, the biological explanation is only part of the story. A yet unknown combination of intense stress, sociocultural situations, and cognitive processes may lead to the actual onset of schizophrenia aided by natural precursors. The most compelling explanation seems to be that a genetically inherited biological abnormality gives rise to hallucinations/delusions as a result of intense stress and eventually leads to other negative symptoms in reaction to the hallucinations/ delusions. At any rate, the current understanding of schizophrenia explains that the symptoms, however easily identifiable, are the result of a complex interaction between nature and nurture that can be treated adequately through the use of atypical anti psychotic drugs and psychotherapy.
Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorder
Schizophrenia is a disorder that affects approximately 1% of the population. It has genetic influences and possible causes include abnormalities in brain functioning and chemical imbalances. Treatment involves psychotherapy, group therapy, family therapy, and medications. Antipsychotic medications help normalize biochemical imbalances and reduce relapse risk, though they can cause side effects ranging from mild to serious.
Case Study: Schizophrenia
Jeremy, a 21-year-old pizza delivery man, has been experiencing auditory hallucinations and delusions for the past three months while working. He has trouble focusing on tasks and following conversations. Based on his symptoms, the psychiatrist diagnoses Jeremy with schizophrenia. To confirm the diagnosis, tests are performed to rule out other potential causes and further examine his thoughts, moods, and mental status. Schizophrenia is thought to involve excessive dopamine activity in the brain and abnormal synaptic pruning, though the exact mechanisms are unknown. Lifelong treatment typically involves antipsychotic medication alongside therapy.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder HY
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inattentive and/or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms that have been present before age 12. Common inattentive symptoms include difficulty focusing and being organized, while hyperactive symptoms include excessive talking and fidgeting. Treatment involves stimulant medications, nonstimulant drugs, or behavioral therapy to address symptoms that impair functioning at home and school.
Schizophernia case presentation
A 33-year-old male presented with symptoms of loss of interest, lethargy, and reduced mental and physical well-being for the past 6-7 years. He has a family history of possible psychiatric illness in his grandfather. On examination, he displayed anxious and inappropriate behavior, impaired comprehension, rapid speech, an anxious mood, paranoid delusions, and impaired judgment and insight. He was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia based on his symptoms. Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder caused by genetic and environmental factors. It involves positive symptoms like hallucinations and delusions as well as negative symptoms and is typically treated with antipsychotic medication.
psychosis
Psychosis refers to an abnormal condition of the mind described as involving a "loss of contact with reality". It can be caused by genetics, trauma, medical conditions, or drugs. Symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking and behavior, and difficulty concentrating. Diagnosis involves considering psychosis in someone withdrawing socially or performing worse at work/school without explanation. Treatment options include antipsychotic medications, psychotherapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy.
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a long-term mental disorder involving a breakdown in thought, emotion and behavior. It causes symptoms like hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking. It is treated with antipsychotic medications which help control symptoms, though they come with side effects. Living with schizophrenia is challenging due to the distressing voices and paranoid thoughts, but treatment and social support can help improve quality of life.
Schizoprenia & other psychotic disorder
A 35-year-old woman believes her neighbors are spying on her through heating vents and has changed residences many times over 10 years due to this belief. She seems preoccupied by voices in her head and looks peculiar. Schizophrenia is characterized by disturbed thoughts, speech, behavior, social withdrawal, poor grooming, and abnormal affect. Diagnosis requires symptoms for at least six months including one period of actual psychosis and impairment in functioning. Treatment involves antipsychotic medications and long-term psychotherapy support. The prognosis is typically chronic with impairments but response to treatment varies between individuals.
Child schizophrenia and depression
This document provides information on childhood schizophrenia and depression. It defines childhood schizophrenia as a severe brain disorder where children interpret reality abnormally, and notes its causes are unknown but may involve genetics, environment, and brain abnormalities. It describes the onset of symptoms between late teens to mid-30s, and risk factors like family history. Signs include language delays and strange behavior. Diagnosis involves evaluating thoughts, functions, and symptoms. Treatments include medications and therapy. Complications involve inability to work or attend school. Childhood depression is defined by inability to enjoy activities and involves symptoms like changes in appetite and sleep. It affects many children and teens and has causes like genetics and life stress.
Paranoid schizophrenia
The document discusses schizophrenia, including its characteristic symptoms, subtypes, treatments, and theories about its causes. Some key points include:
- The main symptoms of schizophrenia are delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech.
- There are several subtypes of schizophrenia including paranoid, catatonic, and undifferentiated.
- Both older "conventional" and newer "atypical" antipsychotic medications are used to treat schizophrenia by reducing positive symptoms.
- The dopamine hypothesis suggests psychotic symptoms are related to excess dopamine activity in the brain, which newer theories have expanded on to include other neurotransmitters.
Understanding psychosis
This document provides an overview of psychosis, including what it is, common symptoms, potential causes, and treatment options. It defines psychosis as a change in mental state involving hallucinations and delusions. Main symptoms are identified as hallucinations, delusions, thought disturbances, and lack of insight. Potential causes discussed include physical, substance-induced, medication-related, inherited vulnerability, traumatic experiences, and imbalances in neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin. First episode psychosis and first aid approaches are also summarized.
Schizophrenia nutshell
Schizophrenia was first identified in the 1890s and characterized by early onset and chronic course. Key symptoms include thought interference, passivity experiences, and delusional perceptions. Genetics plays a role, with identical twins showing a 45% concordance. Environmental factors like birth complications and cannabis use can also increase risk. Treatment involves antipsychotics while family and cognitive behavioral therapies help reduce relapse. Early intervention leads to better outcomes.
Psychotic disorders
Psychotic disorders involve hallucinations and/or delusions where the person loses contact with reality. Schizophrenia is a type of psychosis characterized by disturbances in thought, emotion and behavior. It affects about 1% of the population and usually develops in early adulthood. Symptoms include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior. Treatment involves antipsychotic medications and psychosocial support. Prognosis depends on several factors but schizophrenia generally involves long-term impairment.
Mindmap Presentation V10
This document provides information about psychosis, including its symptoms, causes, and effective treatment options. It summarizes that psychosis causes people to perceive or interpret things differently than others around them. Common symptoms include hallucinations and delusions. Early treatment is most effective and the sooner someone seeks treatment, the more likely they are to recover well. Ignoring symptoms can lead to problems like hospitalization or incarceration, while early treatment programs provide medication, therapy and support for a better outcome.
Schizophrenia; understanding and issues
It include the defination of schizophrenia, causes and types of schizophrenia, and issues related to schizophrenia.
Lecture 4 Schizophrenia Disorders
The document provides information about schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders:
1. Schizophrenia is characterized by disturbed thoughts, speech, behavior, social withdrawal, poor grooming, abnormal affect, and must include symptoms for 6 months including at least one period of actual psychosis.
2. Other psychotic disorders discussed include brief psychotic disorder, schizophreniform disorder, schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder, and shared psychotic disorder.
3. Treatment involves antipsychotic medication, psychotherapy, and long-term support, with prognosis varying between disorders but generally chronic in nature.
Schizophrenia
This document provides information about schizophrenia, including:
- Schizophrenia is a chronic severe brain disorder often characterized by hallucinations and delusions. Symptoms include disorganized thinking and behavior.
- It is currently diagnosed based on clinical symptoms rather than tests. Misdiagnosis is common as it shares symptoms with other disorders.
- There are positive symptoms like hallucinations and delusions, negative symptoms involving loss of functions, and cognitive symptoms involving difficulties with memory and concentration.
- Types include paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, and schizoaffective. Treatment involves medications and psychotherapy with the goal of controlling symptoms.
Neuropharmacology: Schizophrenia
Lecture 22 from a college level neuropharmacology course taught in the spring 2012 semester by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Willamette University. Focus is on typical and atypical antipsychotics.
Schizophrenia
it is a mental disorder often characterized by abnormal social behavior and failure to recognize what is real.
Schizophrenia pathophysiology
Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder characterized by disturbances in thoughts, perceptions, emotions, and behaviors. It is marked by psychosis like delusions and hallucinations. The exact causes are unknown but genetics and brain chemistry imbalances are thought to play a role. Diagnosis involves symptoms lasting at least six months including two or more of delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech or behavior. Treatment aims to minimize symptoms and involves antipsychotic medications as well as psychotherapy. First generation antipsychotics mainly block dopamine receptors while second generation drugs also target serotonin receptors, with fewer side effects. However, there is currently no cure for schizophrenia.
Drug addiction
Drug addiction is a chronic brain disease characterized by compulsive drug use despite harmful consequences. Signs of addiction include behavioral changes like missing important events, emotional changes like irritability and loss of interest, and physical changes like changes in energy levels and appearance. Drugs of abuse fall into three categories - depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens - and are consumed in different ways. Drug use can damage health over time and cause issues like cognitive impairment, accidents, mood disorders, heart and lung problems, and even brain damage. Different drugs also disrupt normal sleep patterns.
Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric illness characterized by distortions in thought, behavior, and perception. It occurs in about 1% of the population worldwide and typically emerges between ages 16-25. Symptoms include positive symptoms like hallucinations and delusions, negative symptoms such as blunted emotions and anhedonia, and cognitive symptoms involving problems with attention, memory, and decision-making. While the exact causes are unknown, genetics and abnormalities in neurotransmitter function, especially dopamine, are thought to play a role. Treatment involves antipsychotic medications, which are categorized as typical or atypical depending on their side effect profiles and efficacy against various symptom domains.
Schizophrenia
1. Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder characterized by distortions in thinking, perception, emotions, language, sense of self and behavior.
2. It affects about 1% of the population and is one of the most challenging diseases for psychiatrists to treat.
3. The causes are unknown but likely involve a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Management involves antipsychotic medications along with psychosocial therapies.
Schizophrenia & other psychotic disorder
Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders involve positive, negative, and disorganized symptoms that distort thinking, perception, and behavior. Schizophrenia is a chronic condition defined by fundamental distortions in thought, perception, emotion, and behavior. It affects about 1% of the population and typically emerges in early adulthood. Treatment involves antipsychotic medications to reduce positive symptoms as well as psychosocial support. The causes are complex and involve genetic, neurological, developmental, and environmental factors.
Explanation by yudi miftahul rohmani
1. Drug abuse has become a serious social problem in Indonesian society, affecting people of all ages. Though not immediately apparent, drug problems have penetrated all levels of society like an iceberg.
2. Environmental factors such as easy drug access, poor family communication, authoritarian parenting, peer pressure, and an unsafe school environment can contribute to drug use.
3. Common drugs include opiates, marijuana, amphetamines, cocaine, alcohol, and benzodiazepines. Excessive use leads to negative physical and psychological effects like euphoria, anxiety, insomnia, and organ damage.
Working with youths' mental healt diagnosis
The document discusses several common mental health diagnoses in youth. It provides information on symptoms, impacts, and treatment approaches for diagnoses including oppositional defiant disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, reactive attachment disorder, depression, and mood disorders. The key messages are that diagnosis should not define a person, treatment involves teaching coping skills to manage symptoms, and creating a supportive environment is important for youth mental health.
Drug abuse
My name is Megan Johnson. My presentation is on Drug Addiction. The warning signs, Effects on the brain, and how it is possible to recover from addiction.
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The document provides information on signs and symptoms of substance abuse from multiple organizations. It lists physical signs like red eyes or needle marks, behavioral signs like changes in personality or friends, and signs of intoxication specific to different drugs like marijuana, alcohol, cocaine, heroin, depressants, inhalants, and hallucinogens. General signs of drug addiction are also outlined, like difficulties at school/work, changes in physical appearance, and issues with money management. The key message is that substance abuse can present in many ways both physically and behaviorally and knowing the signs can help identify potential problems.
Schizophrenia Presentation
Disorganized schizophrenia is a severe subtype of schizophrenia characterized by incoherent and illogical thoughts and behaviors that prevent daily functioning. Signs include disorganized thinking and speech, inappropriate behavior, lack of emotion, and delusions or hallucinations. It is diagnosed using criteria from the DSM including evidence of disorganized speech, behavior, blunted emotions, and emotions inappropriate for situations. The causes are likely genetic and environmental factors combined with imbalances in neurotransmitters like dopamine.
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Schizoprenia & other psychotic disorder
A 35-year-old woman believes her neighbors are spying on her through heating vents and has changed residences many times over 10 years due to this belief. She seems preoccupied by voices in her head and looks peculiar. Schizophrenia is characterized by disturbed thoughts, speech, behavior, social withdrawal, poor grooming, and abnormal affect. Diagnosis requires symptoms for at least six months including one period of actual psychosis and impairment in functioning. Treatment involves antipsychotic medications and long-term psychotherapy support. The prognosis is typically chronic with impairments but response to treatment varies between individuals.
Child schizophrenia and depression
This document provides information on childhood schizophrenia and depression. It defines childhood schizophrenia as a severe brain disorder where children interpret reality abnormally, and notes its causes are unknown but may involve genetics, environment, and brain abnormalities. It describes the onset of symptoms between late teens to mid-30s, and risk factors like family history. Signs include language delays and strange behavior. Diagnosis involves evaluating thoughts, functions, and symptoms. Treatments include medications and therapy. Complications involve inability to work or attend school. Childhood depression is defined by inability to enjoy activities and involves symptoms like changes in appetite and sleep. It affects many children and teens and has causes like genetics and life stress.
Paranoid schizophrenia
The document discusses schizophrenia, including its characteristic symptoms, subtypes, treatments, and theories about its causes. Some key points include:
- The main symptoms of schizophrenia are delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech.
- There are several subtypes of schizophrenia including paranoid, catatonic, and undifferentiated.
- Both older "conventional" and newer "atypical" antipsychotic medications are used to treat schizophrenia by reducing positive symptoms.
- The dopamine hypothesis suggests psychotic symptoms are related to excess dopamine activity in the brain, which newer theories have expanded on to include other neurotransmitters.
Understanding psychosis
This document provides an overview of psychosis, including what it is, common symptoms, potential causes, and treatment options. It defines psychosis as a change in mental state involving hallucinations and delusions. Main symptoms are identified as hallucinations, delusions, thought disturbances, and lack of insight. Potential causes discussed include physical, substance-induced, medication-related, inherited vulnerability, traumatic experiences, and imbalances in neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin. First episode psychosis and first aid approaches are also summarized.
Schizophrenia nutshell
Schizophrenia was first identified in the 1890s and characterized by early onset and chronic course. Key symptoms include thought interference, passivity experiences, and delusional perceptions. Genetics plays a role, with identical twins showing a 45% concordance. Environmental factors like birth complications and cannabis use can also increase risk. Treatment involves antipsychotics while family and cognitive behavioral therapies help reduce relapse. Early intervention leads to better outcomes.
Psychotic disorders
Psychotic disorders involve hallucinations and/or delusions where the person loses contact with reality. Schizophrenia is a type of psychosis characterized by disturbances in thought, emotion and behavior. It affects about 1% of the population and usually develops in early adulthood. Symptoms include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior. Treatment involves antipsychotic medications and psychosocial support. Prognosis depends on several factors but schizophrenia generally involves long-term impairment.
Mindmap Presentation V10
This document provides information about psychosis, including its symptoms, causes, and effective treatment options. It summarizes that psychosis causes people to perceive or interpret things differently than others around them. Common symptoms include hallucinations and delusions. Early treatment is most effective and the sooner someone seeks treatment, the more likely they are to recover well. Ignoring symptoms can lead to problems like hospitalization or incarceration, while early treatment programs provide medication, therapy and support for a better outcome.
Schizophrenia; understanding and issues
It include the defination of schizophrenia, causes and types of schizophrenia, and issues related to schizophrenia.
Lecture 4 Schizophrenia Disorders
The document provides information about schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders:
1. Schizophrenia is characterized by disturbed thoughts, speech, behavior, social withdrawal, poor grooming, abnormal affect, and must include symptoms for 6 months including at least one period of actual psychosis.
2. Other psychotic disorders discussed include brief psychotic disorder, schizophreniform disorder, schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder, and shared psychotic disorder.
3. Treatment involves antipsychotic medication, psychotherapy, and long-term support, with prognosis varying between disorders but generally chronic in nature.
Schizophrenia
This document provides information about schizophrenia, including:
- Schizophrenia is a chronic severe brain disorder often characterized by hallucinations and delusions. Symptoms include disorganized thinking and behavior.
- It is currently diagnosed based on clinical symptoms rather than tests. Misdiagnosis is common as it shares symptoms with other disorders.
- There are positive symptoms like hallucinations and delusions, negative symptoms involving loss of functions, and cognitive symptoms involving difficulties with memory and concentration.
- Types include paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, and schizoaffective. Treatment involves medications and psychotherapy with the goal of controlling symptoms.
Neuropharmacology: Schizophrenia
Lecture 22 from a college level neuropharmacology course taught in the spring 2012 semester by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Willamette University. Focus is on typical and atypical antipsychotics.
Schizophrenia
it is a mental disorder often characterized by abnormal social behavior and failure to recognize what is real.
Schizophrenia pathophysiology
Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder characterized by disturbances in thoughts, perceptions, emotions, and behaviors. It is marked by psychosis like delusions and hallucinations. The exact causes are unknown but genetics and brain chemistry imbalances are thought to play a role. Diagnosis involves symptoms lasting at least six months including two or more of delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech or behavior. Treatment aims to minimize symptoms and involves antipsychotic medications as well as psychotherapy. First generation antipsychotics mainly block dopamine receptors while second generation drugs also target serotonin receptors, with fewer side effects. However, there is currently no cure for schizophrenia.
Drug addiction
Drug addiction is a chronic brain disease characterized by compulsive drug use despite harmful consequences. Signs of addiction include behavioral changes like missing important events, emotional changes like irritability and loss of interest, and physical changes like changes in energy levels and appearance. Drugs of abuse fall into three categories - depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens - and are consumed in different ways. Drug use can damage health over time and cause issues like cognitive impairment, accidents, mood disorders, heart and lung problems, and even brain damage. Different drugs also disrupt normal sleep patterns.
Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric illness characterized by distortions in thought, behavior, and perception. It occurs in about 1% of the population worldwide and typically emerges between ages 16-25. Symptoms include positive symptoms like hallucinations and delusions, negative symptoms such as blunted emotions and anhedonia, and cognitive symptoms involving problems with attention, memory, and decision-making. While the exact causes are unknown, genetics and abnormalities in neurotransmitter function, especially dopamine, are thought to play a role. Treatment involves antipsychotic medications, which are categorized as typical or atypical depending on their side effect profiles and efficacy against various symptom domains.
Schizophrenia
1. Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder characterized by distortions in thinking, perception, emotions, language, sense of self and behavior.
2. It affects about 1% of the population and is one of the most challenging diseases for psychiatrists to treat.
3. The causes are unknown but likely involve a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Management involves antipsychotic medications along with psychosocial therapies.
Schizophrenia & other psychotic disorder
Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders involve positive, negative, and disorganized symptoms that distort thinking, perception, and behavior. Schizophrenia is a chronic condition defined by fundamental distortions in thought, perception, emotion, and behavior. It affects about 1% of the population and typically emerges in early adulthood. Treatment involves antipsychotic medications to reduce positive symptoms as well as psychosocial support. The causes are complex and involve genetic, neurological, developmental, and environmental factors.
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Explanation by yudi miftahul rohmani
1. Drug abuse has become a serious social problem in Indonesian society, affecting people of all ages. Though not immediately apparent, drug problems have penetrated all levels of society like an iceberg.
2. Environmental factors such as easy drug access, poor family communication, authoritarian parenting, peer pressure, and an unsafe school environment can contribute to drug use.
3. Common drugs include opiates, marijuana, amphetamines, cocaine, alcohol, and benzodiazepines. Excessive use leads to negative physical and psychological effects like euphoria, anxiety, insomnia, and organ damage.
Working with youths' mental healt diagnosis
The document discusses several common mental health diagnoses in youth. It provides information on symptoms, impacts, and treatment approaches for diagnoses including oppositional defiant disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, reactive attachment disorder, depression, and mood disorders. The key messages are that diagnosis should not define a person, treatment involves teaching coping skills to manage symptoms, and creating a supportive environment is important for youth mental health.
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The document provides information on signs and symptoms of substance abuse from multiple organizations. It lists physical signs like red eyes or needle marks, behavioral signs like changes in personality or friends, and signs of intoxication specific to different drugs like marijuana, alcohol, cocaine, heroin, depressants, inhalants, and hallucinogens. General signs of drug addiction are also outlined, like difficulties at school/work, changes in physical appearance, and issues with money management. The key message is that substance abuse can present in many ways both physically and behaviorally and knowing the signs can help identify potential problems.
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Ancient cultures believed mental illness was caused by evil spirits and treated it by trepanning, or drilling holes in the skull. Hippocrates proposed it was caused by imbalances in bodily fluids. In the Middle Ages, the mentally ill were often considered witches. Psychopathology is the study of abnormal behavior, including patterns causing distress, harm to others, or impaired functioning. Abnormality is defined statistically, as deviant from social norms, by subjective discomfort, or as maladaptive. Biological, behavioral, cognitive, and psychoanalytic theories offer explanations of abnormal behavior and mental disorders.
M20 drugs
This document discusses psychoactive drugs and their effects. It defines psychoactive drugs as those that affect the brain and alter consciousness. It describes how these drugs work in the brain by crossing the blood-brain barrier and interacting with neurotransmitters. It then discusses different types of drug effects including dependence, and provides examples of commonly abused drugs like cannabis, depressants, dissociatives, hallucinogens, opioids, and stimulants.
Tim Redmond: Bb Lecture Chapter 12 - Schizophrenia and other psychotic disor...
This document discusses schizophrenia and its key features. It describes positive symptoms like delusions and hallucinations as well as negative symptoms like lack of speech or emotion. Positive symptoms represent excessive behaviors while negative symptoms represent deficits. The document outlines different types of delusions and hallucinations that can occur. It also describes how disorganized speech and behavior can be symptoms. Common negative symptoms are listed. The stages of schizophrenia from prodromal to residual are defined. Risk factors for violence in schizophrenia are provided, but it notes most people with schizophrenia are not violent.
Substance Abuse: Grade 7
Substance abuse refers to the harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol and illicit drugs. The document discusses the definition of substance abuse and addiction, common substances of abuse like alcohol, tobacco and cocaine, short-term and long-term effects of substance use, and reasons why students may fall victim to substance abuse, including curiosity, peer pressure, and mental health issues. It provides information on identifying signs of intoxication and emphasizes the importance of making healthy choices to avoid the negative consequences of substance abuse.
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This document provides information about leadership styles and drug abuse prevention. It begins by defining leadership styles such as autocratic, bureaucratic, charismatic, and transformational. It then discusses characteristics of leadership including risk taking and participation. The document also identifies communication, employee well-being, and flexibility as important focus areas for leaders during a crisis. Finally, it defines commonly abused drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, heroin and their health effects.
Drug Abuse
People use drugs for several reasons, including peer pressure, thrill-seeking, and to self-medicate emotional needs. Addiction is now recognized as a chronic relapsing brain disease, characterized by compulsive drug use despite negative consequences. It progresses through stages as tolerance increases and brain changes persist for years after drug use. While drugs can have medical benefits when properly used, drug abuse has significant health and social costs, including increased crime and family problems. Education and treatment aim to prevent misuse and support recovery from addiction.
SA 201 Process addictions with audio intro
This document discusses several process addictions including gambling, sex, and shopping. Process addictions involve behaviors rather than substances. Gambling addiction is included in the DSM-5 while sex and shopping addictions are considered compulsive behaviors. Each addiction is characterized by a loss of control over the behavior that progresses over time and impacts one's life negatively.
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Your smile is beautiful.
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Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
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The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
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Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
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Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
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Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
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Signs of a heroin addict
- 1. Signs of a Heroin Addict
- 2. It's easier for heroin addicts to detox in the earlier stages of their addiction when the physical withdrawals aren't as bad and the addict is less set in their ways. Experts say lengthy treatment is often needed to treat other diseases as well as provide counseling to reverse criminal behavior. If you think someone you know is using heroin or opiates then check for the possible signs below.
- 3. - Pupils of the eyes are very small in reduced lighting conditions when pupils normally dilate - Track marks - If a person is right handed, he normally uses his right hand to inject himself in the left arm and left handed person normally injects into the right arm. As the tracks become progressively more visible, addicts will often wear long sleeves to hide the marks. - Collapsed veins - Injecting repeatedly into the same vein over and over again will cause the vein to collapse or "blow out". After a period of time, all veins in the arms may be blown out. At that point, the addict usually turns to veins located behind the knee or on the back of the hands.
- 4. Increase or decrease in appetite, changes in eating habits, unexplained weight loss or gain - Change in overall attitude / personality with no other identifiable cause - Changes in friends, new hang-outs, avoidance of old crowd, new friends are drug users - Change in activities, loss of interest in things that were important before - Drop in school or work performance, skips or is late to school or work - Changes in habits at home, loss of interest in family and family activities - Difficulty in paying attention, forgetfulness - Lack of motivation, energy, self-esteem, discipline - Bored, "I don't care" attitude
- 5. Defensiveness, temper tantrums, resentful behavior (everything's a hassle) - Unexplained moodiness, irritability, or nervousness - Violent temper or bizarre behavior - Paranoia - heroin addiction often causes users to become suspiciousness just about everyone and everything - Excessive need for privacy, keeps door locked or closed, won't let people in - Secretive or suspicious behavior
- 6. Car accidents, fender benders, household accidents - Chronic dishonesty - Trouble with the police - Unexplained need for money, can't explain where money goes, stealing - Change in personal grooming habits