This is the last in a series of 'Show and Tell' webinars from the Ofgem Strategic Innovation Fund Discovery phase, covering projects focused on increasing flexibility sources in the energy system and hydrogen deployment and integrations.
The energy system is made up of a complex range of activity across networks, markets, supply, and demand. A range of organisations play crucial roles in managing various parts of this system. Working across traditional boundaries can create opportunities for better integration of services to consumers, who typically experience the system as a whole. Innovative whole system solutions are required to optimise the system, reducing costs whilst enhancing the experience of consumers.
You will hear from SIF projects looking to increase sources of energy system flexibility and integrate hydrogen effectively into the system.
The Strategic Innovation Fund (SIF) is an Ofgem programme managed in partnership with Innovate UK, part of UKRI. The SIF aims to fund network innovation that will contribute to achieving Net Zero rapidly and at lowest cost to consumers, and help transform the UK into the ‘Silicon Valley’ of energy, making it the best place for high-potential businesses to grow and scale in the energy market.
For more information on the SIF visit: www.ofgem.gov.uk/sif
Or sign-up for our newsletter here: https://ukri.innovateuk.org/ofgem-sif-subscription-sign-up
Show and Tell - Zero Emission Transport.pdfSIFOfgem
This document summarizes presentations from a webinar on zero emission transport projects funded by the UK's Strategic Innovation Fund.
The first presentation discussed a hydrogen project for heavy duty transport in Scotland called H2H. It found that green hydrogen fuel cell trains were the lowest cost option for decarbonizing one rural rail line in Scotland. The second presentation discussed an energy hub project for rail stations that could provide battery recharging and hydrogen refueling for trains. Cost-benefit analyses of four hub designs at two case study stations found potential savings of over £2 billion. The third presentation summarized a planning project that aims to develop a tool to identify the least cost options for decarbonizing rail across Great Britain,
Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) MechanismKranav Sharma
The document discusses the Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) mechanism in India. The key points are:
1) The REC mechanism was created to address the mismatch between availability of renewable energy resources and obligations of states/entities to meet renewable purchase targets.
2) It allows renewable energy generators to separate the renewable attributes of their electricity from the electricity and trade them as RECs.
3) Obligated entities like distribution companies and large consumers can purchase RECs to meet their renewable purchase obligations instead of directly buying renewable energy.
4) The mechanism is administered by state and central agencies who oversee the issuance of RECs based on renewable energy injected into the grid and trading of RECs on power exchanges
This document summarizes a webinar presentation about releasing the full capacity of distributed energy resources (DERs) through flexibility. The webinar discussed how DERs like solar, storage and demand response can provide flexibility services that increase their value to the grid. Presenters from AutoGrid argued that managing DERs together through flexibility optimization allows utilities to better integrate renewables and avoid building new peaker plants. The webinar also addressed common myths about DERs and how a new approach focusing on network flexibility can overcome challenges and unlock greater potential from customer-sited distributed resources.
IREDA Scheme for Loan for grid connected Solar PV rooftop plant Ashish Verma
IREDA has realsease the financing guidelines to provide the loan for the Grid connected Solar photovoltaic power plant . The minimum capacity of 20 KW and maximum capacity of 1000 kWp are eligible for the loan
Obtenir un permis pour votre projet de transition energetique - 10 octobre 2023Cluster TWEED
Sertius, en partenariat avec Cluster Tweed, a eu le plaisir de vous inviter à son séminaire d’une journée : "Obtenir un permis pour votre projet de transition énergétique : retours d’expérience et pistes concrètes pour optimiser vos chances de succès !"
Eoliennes, photovoltaïque, géothermie, bioénergies, hydrogène, capture et stockage de CO2, ...
La Wallonie connaît un fort développement de ces nouvelles technologies, nécessaires pour atteindre les objectifs wallons aux horizons 2030 et 2050.
Les porteurs de projet se heurtent cependant à plusieurs écueils : complexité et délais des demandes de permis, multitude de parties prenantes, phénomène NIMBY, principe de précaution de la part des décideurs, pertes de surfaces agricoles / industrielles, etc.
Sertius vous a proposé une journée pour faire le point sur la situation, avec des retours d’expérience et des pistes concrètes pour optimiser vos chances de succès.
This presentation discusses nuclear power plants and hydro power plants in Bangladesh. It provides details on the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant currently under construction, including its location, capacity, construction partners, costs, and technical specifications. It also describes the Kaptai Hydroelectric Power Station, the only existing hydro power plant in Bangladesh. The presentation outlines the key components of both nuclear and hydro power plants, their working principles, advantages and disadvantages.
Tidal energy harnesses the predictable rise and fall of ocean tides caused by gravitational forces from the moon and sun. It can be generated using two methods: tidal range uses barrages and lagoons to capture potential energy from changing tide levels, while tidal stream extracts kinetic energy from tidal currents using structures like tidal turbines. Tidal energy is a renewable source and more predictable than wind and solar, but development has been limited by high costs and few locations with sufficiently high tidal ranges or currents. New technologies aim to overcome challenges and make tidal power more economically and environmentally viable.
- SunPower is a leading solar company that has deployed over 2.5 GW of solar PV worldwide with over 200 patents. They have diversified into utility-scale power plants in addition to rooftop solar.
- Their C7 tracker system uses their high-efficiency solar cells under low concentrations of 7 suns to achieve over 20% efficiency and lower LCOE than other technologies. They have over 1,000 MW of tracking experience.
- SunPower has several multi-hundred megawatt power plant projects under construction or under contract in the US and their technology is applicable to areas with high solar irradiation like the southwest US, China, India, and the Middle East.
Show and Tell - Zero Emission Transport.pdfSIFOfgem
This document summarizes presentations from a webinar on zero emission transport projects funded by the UK's Strategic Innovation Fund.
The first presentation discussed a hydrogen project for heavy duty transport in Scotland called H2H. It found that green hydrogen fuel cell trains were the lowest cost option for decarbonizing one rural rail line in Scotland. The second presentation discussed an energy hub project for rail stations that could provide battery recharging and hydrogen refueling for trains. Cost-benefit analyses of four hub designs at two case study stations found potential savings of over £2 billion. The third presentation summarized a planning project that aims to develop a tool to identify the least cost options for decarbonizing rail across Great Britain,
Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) MechanismKranav Sharma
The document discusses the Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) mechanism in India. The key points are:
1) The REC mechanism was created to address the mismatch between availability of renewable energy resources and obligations of states/entities to meet renewable purchase targets.
2) It allows renewable energy generators to separate the renewable attributes of their electricity from the electricity and trade them as RECs.
3) Obligated entities like distribution companies and large consumers can purchase RECs to meet their renewable purchase obligations instead of directly buying renewable energy.
4) The mechanism is administered by state and central agencies who oversee the issuance of RECs based on renewable energy injected into the grid and trading of RECs on power exchanges
This document summarizes a webinar presentation about releasing the full capacity of distributed energy resources (DERs) through flexibility. The webinar discussed how DERs like solar, storage and demand response can provide flexibility services that increase their value to the grid. Presenters from AutoGrid argued that managing DERs together through flexibility optimization allows utilities to better integrate renewables and avoid building new peaker plants. The webinar also addressed common myths about DERs and how a new approach focusing on network flexibility can overcome challenges and unlock greater potential from customer-sited distributed resources.
IREDA Scheme for Loan for grid connected Solar PV rooftop plant Ashish Verma
IREDA has realsease the financing guidelines to provide the loan for the Grid connected Solar photovoltaic power plant . The minimum capacity of 20 KW and maximum capacity of 1000 kWp are eligible for the loan
Obtenir un permis pour votre projet de transition energetique - 10 octobre 2023Cluster TWEED
Sertius, en partenariat avec Cluster Tweed, a eu le plaisir de vous inviter à son séminaire d’une journée : "Obtenir un permis pour votre projet de transition énergétique : retours d’expérience et pistes concrètes pour optimiser vos chances de succès !"
Eoliennes, photovoltaïque, géothermie, bioénergies, hydrogène, capture et stockage de CO2, ...
La Wallonie connaît un fort développement de ces nouvelles technologies, nécessaires pour atteindre les objectifs wallons aux horizons 2030 et 2050.
Les porteurs de projet se heurtent cependant à plusieurs écueils : complexité et délais des demandes de permis, multitude de parties prenantes, phénomène NIMBY, principe de précaution de la part des décideurs, pertes de surfaces agricoles / industrielles, etc.
Sertius vous a proposé une journée pour faire le point sur la situation, avec des retours d’expérience et des pistes concrètes pour optimiser vos chances de succès.
This presentation discusses nuclear power plants and hydro power plants in Bangladesh. It provides details on the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant currently under construction, including its location, capacity, construction partners, costs, and technical specifications. It also describes the Kaptai Hydroelectric Power Station, the only existing hydro power plant in Bangladesh. The presentation outlines the key components of both nuclear and hydro power plants, their working principles, advantages and disadvantages.
Tidal energy harnesses the predictable rise and fall of ocean tides caused by gravitational forces from the moon and sun. It can be generated using two methods: tidal range uses barrages and lagoons to capture potential energy from changing tide levels, while tidal stream extracts kinetic energy from tidal currents using structures like tidal turbines. Tidal energy is a renewable source and more predictable than wind and solar, but development has been limited by high costs and few locations with sufficiently high tidal ranges or currents. New technologies aim to overcome challenges and make tidal power more economically and environmentally viable.
- SunPower is a leading solar company that has deployed over 2.5 GW of solar PV worldwide with over 200 patents. They have diversified into utility-scale power plants in addition to rooftop solar.
- Their C7 tracker system uses their high-efficiency solar cells under low concentrations of 7 suns to achieve over 20% efficiency and lower LCOE than other technologies. They have over 1,000 MW of tracking experience.
- SunPower has several multi-hundred megawatt power plant projects under construction or under contract in the US and their technology is applicable to areas with high solar irradiation like the southwest US, China, India, and the Middle East.
Design a Standalone PV Solar Umbrella Rajeev Kumar
This presents a generalized idea of a solar
application by an umbrella, which has powered by solar radiation.
This umbrella used a solar panel which has a several advantages,
and provide a ample surface for mounted the panels, its design to
allow the exposure of sunlight and conveniently portable. The solar
powered umbrella has uses of providing shades for the user making
outdoor experience more enjoyable.
The document discusses nuclear fusion and fission. It explains that fusion in the sun converts hydrogen into helium, releasing energy. Fission occurs when atomic nuclei split, also releasing energy. This energy from fusion and fission is harnessed to generate electricity. Nuclear fission in power plants produces radioactive waste that requires long term storage.
This document summarizes the key details about nuclear power plants in India. It provides an overview of the 10 nuclear power plants currently operating in India with their locations, reactor types, capacities, and dates of commissioning. The Nuclear Power Corporation of India (NPCIL) oversees the country's nuclear power program and aims to generate 16,500 MW of additional nuclear energy capacity. The document also notes that India currently produces 4,780 MW of nuclear power and aims to increase that to 63,000 MW by 2032.
A nuclear reactor uses controlled nuclear fission to generate heat, which can then be used to generate electricity. The document discusses the key components and functions of nuclear reactors, including how they achieve and control sustained nuclear chain reactions to produce heat and how that heat is then used to power steam turbines and generate electricity. It also categorizes and describes different types of nuclear reactor designs.
Project & Infrastructure Financing- SPV for Solar Park Akhilesh Upadhyay
The document proposes the development of a solar park special purpose vehicle (SPV) in Jharkhand, India. It outlines the power scenario and renewable energy potential in India and Jharkhand. It discusses the feasibility and benefits of developing a solar park, including available wastelands, infrastructure sharing, and reduced costs. The document then covers the legal and regulatory requirements for a solar park, essential infrastructure needs, and financial viability analysis. It proposes an SPV structure with the state government, off-taker, financial institutions, and contractors. Key timelines discussed include the development phase, financial close, commercial operation date, and debt repayment date.
Reprocessing and recycling nuclear waste has several benefits: it reduces the volume of waste, extends the safe storage time of waste from millions of years to hundreds of years, and extracts usable material from the waste to generate additional energy. While reprocessing can produce weapons-grade plutonium, newer proliferation-resistant methods like pyroprocessing are being developed. The document recommends funding research into cost-effective reprocessing methods and beginning construction of a reprocessing facility within the next 10 years along with a mixed-oxide fuel fabrication plant and pebble bed fast neutron reactor to fully realize the benefits of reprocessing nuclear waste.
The document discusses solar power as an alternative energy source for Pakistan. It provides an overview of solar energy and the two main technologies to harness it - photovoltaics and concentrated solar power. It then discusses Pakistan's potential for solar power given its high levels of solar radiation. Several government organizations like AEDB and PCRET are working to develop solar power projects in rural areas of Pakistan by setting up solar home systems in villages and electrifying mosques, schools and health centers with solar energy. The private sector is also getting involved in solar power initiatives.
The document provides a comparative study of forecasting and scheduling regulations for solar and wind projects in various states in India in 2019. It analyzes key aspects of the regulations such as applicability, forecasting and scheduling responsibility, tolerance bands for deviation settlement, scheduling requirements, reference points, apportionment of charges, telemetry requirements, and timelines for payment of deviation charges. The analysis is presented in tables comparing the regulations of states in northern, western & central, and eastern regions of India to highlight similarities and differences in the regulations of different states.
Feasibility of nuclear power plant in BangladeshTapasriBarua
The document discusses the feasibility of building a nuclear power plant in Bangladesh called the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant (RNPP). Key points include:
- Bangladesh needs more power generation to meet growing demand and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Nuclear could help meet these needs.
- RNPP would have 2 VVER-1200 reactors provided by Russia, with a total capacity of 2400 MW. Construction began in 2013 with a target completion of 2022-2023.
- Safety features include multiple barriers to radiation exposure and both active and passive safety systems. However, high population density near the site and risks of natural disasters or terrorism require further analysis and precautions.
- Nuclear energy could be
The document discusses a project report on nuclear energy created by a team of 5 engineering students. It includes an introduction to the team members and contents which cover topics like what is nuclear energy, nuclear reactors and power plants, safety standards, types of nuclear fuel and disaster management, and the nuclear fuel cycle and waste management. It then provides summaries on each of these topics written by different team members. Key points covered include how nuclear fission works to generate energy, the components and workings of pressurized water reactors and boiling water reactors, nuclear safety protocols in India, examples of past nuclear accidents, and the nuclear fuel cycle from mining to waste disposal and storage.
Nuclear power provides reliable, low-cost electricity without greenhouse gas emissions, but has disadvantages including high upfront costs, radioactive waste storage challenges, and safety concerns. The United States generates about 20% of its electricity from nuclear power, led by Illinois with 11 reactors providing nearly half of the state's power. Spent nuclear fuel is currently stored on-site at power plants while long-term storage solutions are debated.
Renewable Energy Certificate Mechanism in India sanjeev jain
This document provides an overview of India's Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO) and Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) framework. It discusses the key objectives of introducing the REC mechanism, including effective RPO implementation and increased flexibility. It describes the entities involved and the concepts of RECs representing each MWh of renewable energy generated. Eligible renewable energy generators can register and be issued RECs which can then be traded on power exchanges to meet RPO targets set by state commissions. The document outlines the accreditation, registration, issuance and trading processes and discusses pricing frameworks and fees for RECs.
What is a PPA (Power Purchase Agreement) ?
A Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) often refers to a long-term electricity supply agreement between two parties, usually between a power producer and a customer (an electricity consumer or trader). The PPA defines the conditions of the agreement, such as the amount of electricity to be supplied, negotiated prices, accounting, and penalties for non-compliance.
Since it is a bilateral agreement, a PPA can take many forms and is usually tailored to the specific application. Electricity can be supplied physically or on a balancing sheet. PPAs can be used to reduce market price risks, which is why they are frequently implemented by large electricity consumers to help reduce investment costs associated with planning or operating renewable energy plants.
Liquid air technologies have gained recognition in 2013 as a potentially significant energy solution in the UK. It can help address challenges in electricity grid balancing, transport emissions reductions, and waste heat recovery. While liquid air shows promise, successful widespread adoption is not guaranteed and further work is needed to ensure it progresses past the demonstration phase. This includes developing technology roadmaps, exploring global market potential, identifying sources of liquid nitrogen supply, and integrating grid and transport applications through multi-purpose plants.
The document describes nuclear batteries, which harvest energy from radioactive materials to power microelectromechanical systems. Nuclear batteries use isotopes like alpha and low-energy beta emitters as fuel. The energy comes from high-energy particles emitted during radioactive decay, without requiring nuclear fission or fusion. Due to their high energy density, nuclear batteries can be extremely small. One type under development is called a "dainty dynamo" due to its small size and shape.
Lenovo ThinkPad X260 User Guide Manual PDF (English) / User Guidemanualsheet
This document provides safety information and instructions for using a ThinkPad X260 laptop. It covers important topics such as safety warnings, locating computer components, using key features, connecting to networks and displays, maintaining and upgrading the computer, troubleshooting, and obtaining support. The document contains detailed product information to help users operate the ThinkPad X260 safely and effectively.
Tarbela Dam is one of the world’s largest earth and rock filled Dam and greatest water resources development project which was completed in 1976 as a component of Indus Basin Project.
It is also the second largest dam in the world in terms of reservoir capacity, which is 11.62 million acre-feet (14.3 billion cubic meters).
Andrew Keane delivered this presentation at a joint ESRI-UCD conference tilted 'Energy research to enable climate change mitigation' on 17 September.
Photos from the conference are available to view on the ESRI website here: https://www.esri.ie/events/esri-ucd-conference-energy-research-to-enable-climate-change-mitigation
The merits of integrating renewables with smarter grid carimetRick Case, PMP, P.E.
A critical look at the response a grid will need with increasing penetration levels of Variable Renewable Resouces (VRRs) on a grid and the SMART solutions required to maintain grid stability.
Design a Standalone PV Solar Umbrella Rajeev Kumar
This presents a generalized idea of a solar
application by an umbrella, which has powered by solar radiation.
This umbrella used a solar panel which has a several advantages,
and provide a ample surface for mounted the panels, its design to
allow the exposure of sunlight and conveniently portable. The solar
powered umbrella has uses of providing shades for the user making
outdoor experience more enjoyable.
The document discusses nuclear fusion and fission. It explains that fusion in the sun converts hydrogen into helium, releasing energy. Fission occurs when atomic nuclei split, also releasing energy. This energy from fusion and fission is harnessed to generate electricity. Nuclear fission in power plants produces radioactive waste that requires long term storage.
This document summarizes the key details about nuclear power plants in India. It provides an overview of the 10 nuclear power plants currently operating in India with their locations, reactor types, capacities, and dates of commissioning. The Nuclear Power Corporation of India (NPCIL) oversees the country's nuclear power program and aims to generate 16,500 MW of additional nuclear energy capacity. The document also notes that India currently produces 4,780 MW of nuclear power and aims to increase that to 63,000 MW by 2032.
A nuclear reactor uses controlled nuclear fission to generate heat, which can then be used to generate electricity. The document discusses the key components and functions of nuclear reactors, including how they achieve and control sustained nuclear chain reactions to produce heat and how that heat is then used to power steam turbines and generate electricity. It also categorizes and describes different types of nuclear reactor designs.
Project & Infrastructure Financing- SPV for Solar Park Akhilesh Upadhyay
The document proposes the development of a solar park special purpose vehicle (SPV) in Jharkhand, India. It outlines the power scenario and renewable energy potential in India and Jharkhand. It discusses the feasibility and benefits of developing a solar park, including available wastelands, infrastructure sharing, and reduced costs. The document then covers the legal and regulatory requirements for a solar park, essential infrastructure needs, and financial viability analysis. It proposes an SPV structure with the state government, off-taker, financial institutions, and contractors. Key timelines discussed include the development phase, financial close, commercial operation date, and debt repayment date.
Reprocessing and recycling nuclear waste has several benefits: it reduces the volume of waste, extends the safe storage time of waste from millions of years to hundreds of years, and extracts usable material from the waste to generate additional energy. While reprocessing can produce weapons-grade plutonium, newer proliferation-resistant methods like pyroprocessing are being developed. The document recommends funding research into cost-effective reprocessing methods and beginning construction of a reprocessing facility within the next 10 years along with a mixed-oxide fuel fabrication plant and pebble bed fast neutron reactor to fully realize the benefits of reprocessing nuclear waste.
The document discusses solar power as an alternative energy source for Pakistan. It provides an overview of solar energy and the two main technologies to harness it - photovoltaics and concentrated solar power. It then discusses Pakistan's potential for solar power given its high levels of solar radiation. Several government organizations like AEDB and PCRET are working to develop solar power projects in rural areas of Pakistan by setting up solar home systems in villages and electrifying mosques, schools and health centers with solar energy. The private sector is also getting involved in solar power initiatives.
The document provides a comparative study of forecasting and scheduling regulations for solar and wind projects in various states in India in 2019. It analyzes key aspects of the regulations such as applicability, forecasting and scheduling responsibility, tolerance bands for deviation settlement, scheduling requirements, reference points, apportionment of charges, telemetry requirements, and timelines for payment of deviation charges. The analysis is presented in tables comparing the regulations of states in northern, western & central, and eastern regions of India to highlight similarities and differences in the regulations of different states.
Feasibility of nuclear power plant in BangladeshTapasriBarua
The document discusses the feasibility of building a nuclear power plant in Bangladesh called the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant (RNPP). Key points include:
- Bangladesh needs more power generation to meet growing demand and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Nuclear could help meet these needs.
- RNPP would have 2 VVER-1200 reactors provided by Russia, with a total capacity of 2400 MW. Construction began in 2013 with a target completion of 2022-2023.
- Safety features include multiple barriers to radiation exposure and both active and passive safety systems. However, high population density near the site and risks of natural disasters or terrorism require further analysis and precautions.
- Nuclear energy could be
The document discusses a project report on nuclear energy created by a team of 5 engineering students. It includes an introduction to the team members and contents which cover topics like what is nuclear energy, nuclear reactors and power plants, safety standards, types of nuclear fuel and disaster management, and the nuclear fuel cycle and waste management. It then provides summaries on each of these topics written by different team members. Key points covered include how nuclear fission works to generate energy, the components and workings of pressurized water reactors and boiling water reactors, nuclear safety protocols in India, examples of past nuclear accidents, and the nuclear fuel cycle from mining to waste disposal and storage.
Nuclear power provides reliable, low-cost electricity without greenhouse gas emissions, but has disadvantages including high upfront costs, radioactive waste storage challenges, and safety concerns. The United States generates about 20% of its electricity from nuclear power, led by Illinois with 11 reactors providing nearly half of the state's power. Spent nuclear fuel is currently stored on-site at power plants while long-term storage solutions are debated.
Renewable Energy Certificate Mechanism in India sanjeev jain
This document provides an overview of India's Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO) and Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) framework. It discusses the key objectives of introducing the REC mechanism, including effective RPO implementation and increased flexibility. It describes the entities involved and the concepts of RECs representing each MWh of renewable energy generated. Eligible renewable energy generators can register and be issued RECs which can then be traded on power exchanges to meet RPO targets set by state commissions. The document outlines the accreditation, registration, issuance and trading processes and discusses pricing frameworks and fees for RECs.
What is a PPA (Power Purchase Agreement) ?
A Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) often refers to a long-term electricity supply agreement between two parties, usually between a power producer and a customer (an electricity consumer or trader). The PPA defines the conditions of the agreement, such as the amount of electricity to be supplied, negotiated prices, accounting, and penalties for non-compliance.
Since it is a bilateral agreement, a PPA can take many forms and is usually tailored to the specific application. Electricity can be supplied physically or on a balancing sheet. PPAs can be used to reduce market price risks, which is why they are frequently implemented by large electricity consumers to help reduce investment costs associated with planning or operating renewable energy plants.
Liquid air technologies have gained recognition in 2013 as a potentially significant energy solution in the UK. It can help address challenges in electricity grid balancing, transport emissions reductions, and waste heat recovery. While liquid air shows promise, successful widespread adoption is not guaranteed and further work is needed to ensure it progresses past the demonstration phase. This includes developing technology roadmaps, exploring global market potential, identifying sources of liquid nitrogen supply, and integrating grid and transport applications through multi-purpose plants.
The document describes nuclear batteries, which harvest energy from radioactive materials to power microelectromechanical systems. Nuclear batteries use isotopes like alpha and low-energy beta emitters as fuel. The energy comes from high-energy particles emitted during radioactive decay, without requiring nuclear fission or fusion. Due to their high energy density, nuclear batteries can be extremely small. One type under development is called a "dainty dynamo" due to its small size and shape.
Lenovo ThinkPad X260 User Guide Manual PDF (English) / User Guidemanualsheet
This document provides safety information and instructions for using a ThinkPad X260 laptop. It covers important topics such as safety warnings, locating computer components, using key features, connecting to networks and displays, maintaining and upgrading the computer, troubleshooting, and obtaining support. The document contains detailed product information to help users operate the ThinkPad X260 safely and effectively.
Tarbela Dam is one of the world’s largest earth and rock filled Dam and greatest water resources development project which was completed in 1976 as a component of Indus Basin Project.
It is also the second largest dam in the world in terms of reservoir capacity, which is 11.62 million acre-feet (14.3 billion cubic meters).
Andrew Keane delivered this presentation at a joint ESRI-UCD conference tilted 'Energy research to enable climate change mitigation' on 17 September.
Photos from the conference are available to view on the ESRI website here: https://www.esri.ie/events/esri-ucd-conference-energy-research-to-enable-climate-change-mitigation
The merits of integrating renewables with smarter grid carimetRick Case, PMP, P.E.
A critical look at the response a grid will need with increasing penetration levels of Variable Renewable Resouces (VRRs) on a grid and the SMART solutions required to maintain grid stability.
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Best practices for Solar and Wind power system case studiesLeonardo ENERGY
Power system impact studies are often the first steps taken towards defining renewable targets. It is important that commonly accepted standard methodologies are applied related to these issues. IEAWIND and IEA PVPS have issued Recommended Practices for Wind/PV Integration Studies to provide researchers, consultants, and system operators with up-to-date guidelines on how to perform renewable power system studies.
The second edition of the report published in 2018, extends recommendations for wind integration studies to also include solar PV and distribution networks, on top of transmission network issues.
Recommendations are based on more than 10 years of work within the International Energy Agency Wind Technology Collaboration Programme (IEA Wind TCP) Task 25: Design and Operation of Power Systems with Large Amounts of Wind Power and the IEA Photovoltaic Power System Programme (PVPS TCP) Task 14: High Penetration of PV Systems in Electricity Grids.
RT15 Berkeley | Grid Intergration Group - Lawrence Berkeley National Lab OPAL-RT TECHNOLOGIES
The document describes the Grid Integration Group at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). It includes:
1) The team leads and core members of the group, focused on areas like smart inverter control, microgrid design, vehicle-to-grid integration, and EV modeling.
2) Key projects and research areas of the group, including developing microgrid control technologies, modeling distributed energy resources, testing smart inverters, and using electric vehicles for grid services.
3) Partnerships and collaborations with other institutions to advance research in grid integration challenges like improving distribution system modeling and planning tools.
Introducing LQR-fuzzy for a dynamic multi area LFC-DR modelIJECEIAES
It is well known that Load Frequency Control (LFC) model plays a vital role in electric power system design and operation. In the literature, much research works has stated on the advantages and realization of DR (Demand Response), which has proved to be an important part of the future smart grid. In an interconnected power system, if a load demand changes randomly, both frequency and tie line power varies. LFC-DR model is tuned by standard controllers like PI, PD, PID controllers, as they have constant gains. Hence, they are incapable of acquiring desirable dynamic performance for an extensive variety of operating conditions and various load changes. This paper presents the idea of introducing a DR control loop in the traditional Multi area LFC model (called LFC -DR) using LQR- Fuzzy Logic Control. The effect of DR-CDL i.e. (Demand Response Communication Delay Latency) in the design is also considered and is linearized using Padé approximation. Simulation results shows that the addition of DR control loop with proposed controller guarantees stability of the overall closed-loop LFC-DR system which effectively improves the system dynamic performance and is superior over a classical controller at different operating scenarios.
Can the dream of 100% renewable energy be a reality? - Mr. Ken DragoonIPPAI
This document summarizes a report on transforming power systems to derive most or all energy from variable renewable energy sources. It identifies three main challenges in relying primarily on renewable resources: rapidly adjusting supply and demand, filling in during low renewable output, and absorbing surplus energy. The document outlines a three-part transformation involving near, mid, and long-term changes to address these challenges through strategies like exploiting demand flexibility, enabling energy markets, controlling renewable generators, deploying energy storage, and establishing new energy uses.
Integrating Variable Renewable Energy into the Grid key issues and Emerging S...Power System Operation
Introduction
Why is grid integration an important topic?
Trends:
Increasing energy demand
Urbanization
Climate change mitigation targets
Need for grid modernization
Every power system has
characteristics that promote and
inhibit integration of variable RE
Grid integration is the practice of
developing efficient ways to
deliver high penetration levels of
variable RE to the grid
Source:
“Renewable Energy
Futures” 2012
This document discusses how to better monetize the economic potential of distributed energy resources (DERs) like rooftop solar. It argues that current power system design and regulation only considers bulk power transmission and does not provide the right incentives for DERs. It recommends (1) establishing more granular locational and time-based pricing signals, (2) having distribution networks create "missing markets" to value services from DERs like peak shaving, and (3) using alternative planning techniques like "real options" to properly value the flexibility provided by DERs. This would help transition power systems to make better use of DERs and intermittent generation.
Optimizing Generation, Distribution, Renewables, and Demand Response for a Sm...John Dirkman, PE
This document discusses optimizing distributed energy resources (DER) like solar, wind, storage and demand response for electric grid applications. It describes Nexant, a firm that provides energy software and consulting. Nexant's software helps utilities integrate DER into planning, operations and markets. The document outlines how DER value depends on aligning characteristics with grid needs, and how their placement can mitigate peak risks. It concludes utilities should optimize both utility and customer-owned DER on their networks.
Third OECD-DOE Workshop: Unlocking finance and investment in offshore wind power and energy efficiency in public buildings in the Philippines, 6-7 March 2024, Makati, Philippines
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5. Whole Systems Integration Challenge
Aim: To consider and develop whole system approaches across energy supply, demand and
networks for better integration and optimisation of the energy system
Themes include:
Increasing
flexibility sources
in energy system
Hydrogen
deployment and
integration
New technology
development for
RE integration
Circular economy
for resource
efficiency
Image courtesy: Energy Systems Catapult, Systems thinking in the energy system
6. Agenda – Whole Systems Integration, Part 2
1. Fast Flex SPEN
2. INCENTIVE - Innovative Control and Energy
Storage for Ancillary Services in Offshore Wind
SSEN
Q&A on projects 1 & 2
3. Crowdflex: Discovery NGESO
4. CEV: Critical factors for the adoption of smart
homes for energy efficiency and implications for
consumers and providers
NGN
Q&A on projects 3 & 4
14:35am – 10 minute break
5. HyNTS Compression NGGT
6. Green Hydrogen Injection into the NTS NGGT
7. Nuclear Net-Zero Opportunities (N-NZO) NGGT
Q&A on projects 5 6 & 7
15:55am – end of session
8. Benefits of addressing regional frequency stability
through demand-side flexibility
FastFlex – Discovery Phase
Scottish Power Energy Networks, Imperial College London, GE Digital
9. Discovery Phase:
Cost-benefit analysis for demand-side flexibility
to support regional stability in Scotland
• Quantify the value of demand-side resources to support regional stability
9
Control approach vs. Hardware approach
Use advanced monitoring
and control to access
demand-side flexibility
Invest in built-for-purpose assets:
• Grid-scale batteries
• Synchronous condensers
10. Regional frequency stability challenge
in the future Scottish system
10
Future largest infeed loss in Scotland: 1.4GW, from HVDC
Ancillary services are needed across all regions of the network
• Because inter-area oscillations appear when inertia is not evenly distributed
in the grid (e.g. high wind capacity in Scotland but most of the electric demand
located in England).
England
Scotland
(high wind)
(high load)
• Ignoring inter-area oscillations
could be dangerous: higher
RoCoF and lower frequency
nadirs than the Centre Of
Inertia could lead to
unexpected blackouts.
11. Modelling software: ACES model
Ancillary-services Constrained
Energy Scheduling model
11
• Ancillary services dynamics (with timescale of milliseconds) are mapped into
an economic optimisation (with timescale of hours)
Frequency dynamics: Unit Commitment (stochastic):
12. Demand-side response within ACES
• The ACES model has been enhanced during the Discovery Phase to include
a regional Demand-side response (DSR) model
• This model follows a pre-defined demand profile, and allows the DSR assets
to contribute to frequency response via demand alleviation.
• Current demand profiles consider electric vehicles (EVs) and heat pumps
(HPs)
– Demand considered is in line with NGESO FES 2021 scenarios, for 2030
projections.
– 10% of this demand is considered to be in Scotland.
12
13. Main results
from the ACES modelling
• The value of the FastFlex approach in Scotland is estimated at ~£440m,
due to lower capital investment required when compared to grid-scale assets
for supporting stability (i.e. synchronous condensers and battery storage).
– This is for a base case that allows zero-carbon operation of Scotland.
• It was estimated that 1GW of demand-side response from EVs and HPs in
Scotland would replace 10GVAs of synchronous condensers and 500MW of
battery storage.
• Additional benefit of flexible loads vs. built-for-purpose assets is the option to
modulate the volumes of ancillary services procured, depending on the
stability challenge in the grid.
– During periods when the largest infeed loss is smaller, a lower volume of
stability services from DSR could be procured by the system operator,
while hardware does not give this option.
13
14. Future steps
• While EVs and HPs have been shown to bring significant benefits for
reducing the need for alternative ancillary services, the value of DSR obtained
in the simulation results never saturates, meaning that the current
projections for EV and HP adoption by 2030 are not sufficient to fully
guarantee stability in Scotland from the demand side.
• This is due to the significant challenge of securing against a loss of
1.4GW in Scotland.
• This implies an opportunity for enhanced flexibility options such as
vehicle-to-grid (V2G) chargers to provide additional system support by using
the same demand-side assets. As well as broadening the pool of FasfFlex
resources to include a diverse portfolio of flexible loads.
• Future work should focus on analysing the benefits of additional demand-
side flexibility options, as well as analyse the necessary market design. 14
15. Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.
Fast Flex
Applying flexibility for frequency services
with network stability
May 25, 2022
16. Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.
F l e x i b i l i t y
Locational Fast Balancing Process
Wide area
synchrophasor
view of regional
response to
disturbance
Fast dispatch of
available resources
to match event
trigger
Trigger in <0.5s Resource Selection & Trigger
Resource Provision (market)
Response
Validation &
Settlements
Detect & extract size
of disturbance &
enable / inhibit
locations
Power
Time
Grid-forming windfarm (VSM) with energy
limiter control provides <1s very response for
in-area disturbance (local control)
Dispatchable DER setpoint change provides
longer-term response, but slow action.
EV charging control provides medium-speed
sustained response. May be combination of
multiple devices.
BESS control provides fast-acting response
and gap-filling. Small energy storage
means lower cost device, or storage can
be used for other energy needs.
Compiled response uses available resources to
provide a well-defined fast-responseservice.
Demand response sheddable load provides
fast, sustained response, but only to be
used for severe and infrequent events.
16
17. Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.
F a s t B a l a n c i n g S e r v i c e s
Need for a new Flexibility Service for Stability
Centrally Dispatched Balancing Control
Inertial response
Load Frequency Control (Secondary Control)
Energy Market & Constraint Management
Fast Frequency Response
Primary Frequency Control
1s
Time from disturbance
Frequency-Proportional Regulation (Local control)
10s 30s
2s
Power in proportion to frequency deviation with small delay
Mainly supplied by batteries
Natural machine inertia or controlled response.
Slows frequency slide.
Power in proportion to frequency deviation with large delay
Mainly supplied by conventional generators
Service for dispatchable
power balancing resource
for a region. Generation
or demand may supply.
Long-term balancing
supply and demand
Regional
sensitivity.
Keep within
network limits
Locational Fast Balancing Response
Fast acting, sustained response with regional
sensitivity. Diverse flexible resources.
NEW APPROACH Wide Area Location-Sensitive Control
Increasing
participation
of
flexible
demand,
DER
&
storage,
but
too
slow
for
grid
stability
30min
Conventional
response
becoming
scarce,
expensive
&
too
slow
FOCUS
OF
PROGRAM
17
Frequency-proportional
control, WITHOUT
regional sensitivity
18. Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.
F a s t F l e x N e x t S t e p s
Overview of Future System and Expected Participants
Distributed
Control
Comms
Resources
Higher latency resources
Low latency resources
Real Time Control Method
Market Management
Real-time grid stability
requirements
Measurement infrastructure
Whole system market
(ESO)
Service Arbitrator
(DSO)
Area inertia measurement
Area boundary strength identifier
Area largest loss calculator
Requirement identifier & predictor
D-network capability validation
Low latency, high throughput PDC
Real-time visualisation
Reporting
Real-time analytics
Value of predictable
response in area
Capacity & Deployment
LFC Integration
Stacked services
Resource incentives
Real-time Availability
Availability Predictor
Stacked services
Settlements & Reporting
Fast event trigger
Location sensitivity
Response volume
Resource Assembler
Local control estimator
Resource dispatcher
Validation & course-correct
Graceful degradation
Data sources
PMU, RTU, meter
Field interface
control unit /
failover
Field interface
control unit /
failover
Local control
Field interface
control unit
F & ROCOF
STAKEHOLDERS
• T&D INFRASTRUCTURE
OWNERS
• SYSTEM OPERATOR &
DSOs
• PLATFORM/SYSTEM
DEVELOPER
• ACADEMIC
• RESOURCE PROVIDERS –
DEMAND SIDE, BESS, DER
19.
20. Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.
T H E I N E R T I A C H A L L E N G E
Effect of Sparse Centres of Inertia – GB
ROCOF hits loss-of-mains limits in north & south
Frequency change takes time to propagate
→ Angles diverge → Stability risk
Average system RoCoF within GB 0.125Hz/s limit, but threshold exceeded in both the north & south GB (not Midlands). Risk
of regional DER tripping, or in extreme case, loss of angle stability in network.
-0.125Hz/s
ROCOF hits loss-of-mains limits in north & south
ROCOF
(Hz/s)
TEAL
SELL
1 sec
20
21. Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.
Experience & Learning relevant to Fast Flex
1998 1st real-time
oscillation monitoring
2014-17 VISOR GB-wide
WAMS system
2015-19 EFCC Location-sensitive
Fast Frequency Control (WAMPAC)
using distributed resources.
2016-19 FITNESS WAMPAC-
enabled Digital Substation
2019-22 S. Australia Islanding Protection
WAMS Scale-up
US & world
2005 Phasor-
based WAMS
TARGET
• Stable, secure,
efficient grid
• Unconstrained high
renewable mix
• Full use of flexibility
and D-grid services
2016-19 EU MIGRATE
Low inertia / high power
electronic grid monitoring
Locational Fast Balancing
WAMPAC (Iceland)
2019- NGESO Effective Area
Inertia Monitoring System
2017- Iceland WAMPAC locat-
ional fast balance & island control
2019-22 D-RESTART Blackstart
service from distribution resources
2021-23 SYNERGY Stacked services
for Distribution Restoration AND
Locational Fast Balancing
SSE Stability control
in high PE penetration
Power Potential Services from
D-grid delivered for Whole System
2021-25 UKPN Constellation Distributed
intelligence for resilience (WAMPAC & AI)
SPEN-GE GE-UK GE-INTERNATIONAL
SIF Fast Flex
Expanding role of
flexibility in low
inertia grid
22. Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.
F a s t F l e x N e x t S t e p s
Roadmap for Flexibility in
Locational Fast Frequency
• Communications infrastructure, architecture, latency and security: developing the framework
o Transmission system level
o Distribution and controlled agent level
• Resilience design & analysis, graceful degradation
• Measurement standards and guidance
• Commercial & market mechanism: 2-level approach
o Bulk regional requirement
o Incentivise and reward participants
o Validation, evaluation and settlements for response providers
• Demonstrate blending of multiple resources to form a single predictable service
• Process to define requirements for blocks of FlastFlex response per region
• Availability of variable resources: predict regional resource reliably available
• Design & trial of the control and management system for a business-as-usual implementation
• Industry engagement & consultation
23. Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.
F a s t F l e x N e x t S t e p s
Partnership
Company Position Roles
SPEN Transmission & Distribution Lead partner Co-ordination of the overall programme
Implementation of the trials on SPEN region
Transmission monitoring infrastructure
Distribution-connected resource monitoring & control
Relationships with distribution service providers
Imperial College London Partner Studies and analysis supporting the technical method
Consulting input on the service market arrangements
Steering and strategy guidance
GE Digital Partner Development of the control and monitoring algorithms & systems
Hardware-in-the-Loop test environment
Live system implementation
Steering and strategy guidance
National Grid ESO Partner Regional requirements for frequency service
Oversight of system-level technical and commercial process (input from ICL & other partners)
Arrangements / authorisation for trials at system level
Industry engagement & consultations
Transmission Network Owners NGET, SSE Partner or Stakeholder Monitoring infrastructure & communications
Flexibility providers Partners and/or
Stakeholders
A diverse portfolio of participants included for live demonstration of the approach. Inputs from resources
required for both technical and commercial/market arrangements.
• Electric Vehicle charging station provider(s)
• Windfarm operator(s) providing controlled response and synthetic inertia
• BESS operator (s)
• Generator operator(s)
• Demand side aggregator
24. INCENTIVE - Innovative
Control and Energy Storage
for Ancillary Services in
Offshore Wind
Simon Stromberg, SSEN
Robert Keast & David Plunkett, Carbon Trust
26. Motivation
26
Mission: bring a suite of technology solutions to
commercialisation that will allow offshore wind farms
to provide inertia stability to the onshore networks.
This in turn will enable an accelerated rollout of
offshore wind whilst maintaining system stability,
ensuring energy security, and keeping system costs
down.
To achieves this requires technical, market, regulatory
and commercial innovation*.
TODAY FUTURE
*https://www.carbontrust.com/resources/energy-storage-for-offshore-wind-with-innovative-converter-control
Public
27. 27
Discovery Phase scope
WP1 - CBA
WP2 – regulatory review
WP3 – technology review
Qualitatively select
shortlist from all
possible
technology options
Assess ownership possibilities for shortlisted technology
options
Conduct CBA on shortlisted technology options
Determine testing requirements for the robust and fair
assessment of novel technologies
Conclusions
Alpha Phase
scoping
Public
31. 31
Outcome of ownership analysis
BESS
w/ grid
forming
STATCOM
w/
supercaps +
grid forming
Sync. Con.
HVDC
terminal
w/ grid
forming
Wind
turbine
w/ grid
forming
INCENTIVE
technology
Regulated
network
company
ownership
OWF owner
ownership
Significant
regulatory
barriers
Some
operational and
regulatory
complexity
Low operational
and regulatory
complexity
Low operational
and regulatory
complexity
Ownership not
feasible
Some
operational and
regulatory
complexity
Some
operational and
regulatory
complexity, but
less than BESS
Low operational
and regulatory
complexity
Ownership not
feasible
Low operational
and regulatory
complexity
Public
32. 32
Outcome of testing requirements
Generic
simulation
Use generic
models of
INCENTIVE
technologies
and OWFs.
Site-specific
simulation
Use generic
models of
INCENTIVE
technologies
with models of
specific OWFs.
Control
hardware in
the loop
Use control
hardware
provided by
INCENTIVE
technology
suppliers
Commercial
confidence
Increasing understanding of performance and system effects of INCENTIVE technologies
Full
hardware
Could be scale
test or field trial
of one
INCENTIVE
technology
supplier
Technology-
specific
simulation
Use specific
models
provided by
INCENTIVE
technology
suppliers
Public
33. Alpha Scope
33
August September October November December January February
Initial Beta scoping activities
• Explorative activities with technology suppliers and OWF developers to
assess need for and feasibility of technology demonstration
Commercial assessment
• Building on CBA and ownership models in Discovery
• Further analysis and combination of business case and ownership
Technology testing
• Commencing work on testing programme developed in Discovery
Combining outcomes
and Beta scoping
• Bringing together all the
findings of Alpha to narrow
down technology options of
interest and agree scope for
Beta
Public
36. Q&A – Whole Systems Integration challenge
1. Fast Flex
2. INCENTIVE - Innovative Control and Energy Storage for Ancillary Services in
Offshore Wind
39. Problem to address
Challenge
• More renewable generation which is non-dispatchable
• More electric vehicles and heatpumps which increase demand
• So flexibility must shift from supply-side to demand-side
• A smart, flexible and reliable energy system is needed
Opportunity
• Domestic consumers offer a nascent, but large flexibility resource
• Currently largely untapped, due to limited understanding and existing
market design
• Crowdflex explores novel stochastic flexibility services, reflecting the
statistical and distributed assets
• Could enable lower cost and lower carbon system operation and reduce
capacity and network investment costs
CrowdFlex aims to establish domestic flexibility as a reliable energy and
grid management service
40. CrowdFlex – Project Overview
Objectives
1. to understand and align ESO/DNO requirements for domestic flexibility
services and consider interaction with the statistical nature of flexibility
2. to identify the technology capability and consumer behaviour parameters
to explore in a real-world trial
3. to understand how the statistical nature of flexibility can be developed into
reliable modelling of domestic demand and flexibility
Discovery: feasibility study (complete)
Alpha: design of trial/model (pending funding)
Beta: delivery and testing of trial/model (pending funding)
Core Technologies
• Domestic assets & automation: EVs, heatpumps, white goods
• Smart metering
• Consumer segmentation analysis
• Statistical modelling methods
41. Approaching the problem
Developing outcomes
• Conducted ~17 interviews to capture user needs for ESO/DSOs
procuring flexibility:
• SO challenges, respective current services and appetite for
domestic flexibility
• Key features to be investigated in a trial
• Undertook quantitative consumer segmentation work to identify high
flexibility potential characteristics and researched customer
engagement needs
• Conducted ~5 interviews with ESO to understand user needs for
aggregators modelling flexibility:
• reviewed approaches for stochastic forecasting of generation and
demand
Additional activities
• Engagement with relevant projects: EQUINOX, BiTraDER, DRS Trial,
SIF Flexible Heat, and BEIS Heatpump Ready
• Dissemination/feedback meetings with key organisations: BEIS,
Ofgem, and Citizens Advice
Partners
Additional engagement
42. Understanding ESO/DSO requirements
Current system challenges are addressed
through various energy markets & flexibility
services
• Discovery confirmed there is strong appetite
within ESO/DSO for domestic flexibility to
play an active role
• Identified the markets and services suitable
for domestic flexibility
• Only most rapid of response services
thought to be beyond technical capabilities
of domestic assets
• Balancing via energy markets can be
declared close to time of delivery, location
independent (aligned with PAS-Routine)
• System critical & operational services
must deliver response when called upon
(aligned with PAS-Response) and require
declaration well ahead of time
BM – Balancing Mechanism, DC – Dynamic Containment, DM – Dynamic Moderation, DR – Dynamic Regulation,
FR – Fast Response, STOR – Short Term Operating Reserve, NOA – Networks Options Assessment.
The procurement timescales and response times of various energy markets and
services available to flexible assets
43. Key dimensions for a Trial
For the two flexibility categories, Discovery lays out parameters required for a
large-scale trial of domestic flexibility
1. PAS-Routine type flexibility – e.g. energy markets:
• Timewise vector of baseline demand
• Timewise vector of projected flexible capacity, for each time interval,
through a year
2a. PAS-Response type flexibility – system operational events e.g. Response,
___Reserve:
• Firm response may vary throughout the year, therefore, response should be
tested multiple times under a variety of conditions (season, weather,
time of day, concurrent PAS-Routine incentives)
• A rapid response required, likely procured via an automated response
2b. PAS-Response type flexibility – system stress events e.g. Capacity Market and
___NOA agreements:
• Tests during system stress events (e.g. cold weather for demand-led
peaks, summertime for supply-led stress) to ensure reliable response
• Services may be called via automated response or manually, similar to
the “Big Turn up/Down” experiments from CrowdFlex: NIA
44. Statistical modelling of domestic demand
There is value in a data-intensive understanding, forecasting and
modelling for domestic demand and flexibility
• Discovery identified a high-level approach for modelling domestic
demand and flexibility
1. Underlying demand (stochastic)
2. Overlay flexibility potential (deterministic limits)
3. Expected flexibility outturn (stochastic)
• Considered use cases for modelling forecasts:
a) Improved demand-side visibility
• Reduce energy imbalance & operational reserve requirements
• Better utilise existing capacity & network infrastructure,
delaying reinforcement
b) Forecasting availability for flexibility services
• Reduce operational costs (incl. constraints, reserve and
energy balancing)
• Reduce capacity & network reinforcement investment
• Domestic energy modelling can form part of the Virtual Energy System
ecosystem by integrating with the Common Framework (currently
under development)
Demand forecast:
Low accuracy
Demand forecast:
High accuracy
Demand Supply
higher
lower
expected
demand
required
supply
Operational
Reserve
Requirement
likelihood 50% 0%
volume
0
MW
90
MW
45. Stochastic delivery of flexibility services
• Currently flexibility services
procure a declared firm
capacity, i.e. deterministic
• However, domestic flexibility
is inherently stochastic
• Its capacity is best described
by statistical, rather than
deterministic methods
• Procuring flexibility statistically
via a PDF, would eliminate
the need to derate capacity
• Reducing over
procurement
• Providing system
savings for all
stakeholders
0
MW
90
MW
flex
volume
higher
lower
Expected flex
Flex capacity must be
derated to ensure high
confidence in delivery –
this underutilises and
undervalues demand
assets.
Supply capacity
Flexibility: Deterministic Flexibility: Stochastic
Declaring the entire PDF distribution enables the
ESO to realistically view flex potential and offset
any lower delivery confidence with visibility of
other possible system changes. This enables more
efficient management of resources – leveraging
value and reducing system costs.
This means the ESO
must procure more
supply side flexibility
capacity – increasing
system operation
costs.
VRES forecast
Thermal plant
loss
DSR Flex
Compound
probability
(most
efficient)
Demand flex
Derating
Expected flex
capacity and
Probability
Density
Function
declared
Additional
capacity
required on
supply side
Declared flex
capacity
46. Discovery learnings and Alpha plans
1. Statistical Approaches to Services
• Identify current/future “system needs” and associated parameters
• Take a spectrum approach to flexibility services
• Investigate deterministic approaches for near-term utilisation of domestic assets
• In parallel, develop pathways to introduce stochastically procured services
• Develop approaches for stacking multiple flexibility services
2. Trial Design
• A future trial must identify priority domestic flexibility services to test and:
• Determine timewise vector of: baseline demand, flex potential, flex out-turn (24-7-365)
• Determine asset availability/capacity for system operation & stress events
• Identify efficient financial & information remedies to incentivise Routine and
Response type services
3. Model Specification
• Identify data needs & modelling approach for statistical demand and dynamic
flexibility forecasting techniques
• Align with Common Framework (where possible) for VirtualES integration
Stakeholder Engagement
• Engage with Ofgem/BEIS to understand potential regulatory/policy barriers
• Engage with industry players to gather feedback and disseminate learnings
47. Value and potential benefits
CrowdFlex adds value beyond existing projects to date, by focusing on:
• understanding and evolving ESO/DSO needs, not just developing asset technical
capability
• testing delivery reliability and statistical significance, targeting large numbers of
participants & events
• statistical modelling for the VirtualES ecosystem, in combination with a real-world trial
Learning from CrowdFlex has the potential to:
• Lower customer bills
• through system wide savings and revenues from services
• Reduce costs of system balancing and network reinforcement
• through access to and confidence in domestic assets
• Enable greater market participation on the demand side
• through novel statistical approaches to flexibility services
• Increase use of renewable generation and lower carbon emissions
• through the demand-side supporting the energy transition
49. CEV: Critical factors for the
adoption of smart homes for
energy efficiency and
implications for consumers
and providers
Laura Robson & Keith Owen, NGN
Diane Gregory-Smith, Newcastle University
Danielle Butler & Jessica Cook, National Energy Action
50. Collaboration between:
• Northern Gas Networks (NGN)
• Newcastle University
• National Energy Action (NEA)
• Northern Powergrid
10027307 – CEV Critical factors for the adoption
of smart homes for energy efficiency:
Implications for consumers and providers
51. Need to be decarbonised
each week for the next 25
years to reach net-zero by
2050
20,000 homes
The problem
Small behavioural changes at
household level are a part of this,
making consumers a vital part of the
decarbonisation journey
Huge potential benefits for consumers
derived from greater energy efficiency
52. Project Overview
01
02
03
Academic review
covering the smart-home literature from the
academic side
Industry review
synthesising research and project reports on
smart homes and consumer perspectives
Joint review
combining the academic and industry reviews
04
05 Webinar
to present the findings
Good practice framework
on smart home adoption
06 Online resource
that will make all reviews, reports, the
Framework and webinars available
Six key outputs:
53. Methodology
Plan the review
• Define research questions
• Define search criteria
• Define exclusion criteria
Conduct the
review by
analysing papers
• Academic review
• Industry review
Synthesise the
reviews into a
Framework
• Identify areas of
interest
Report emerging
themes and
recommendations
54. Approach
• Electronic database
Scopus (15,878
documents following
initial keywords
search)
• Call for evidence and
stakeholder
consultation
• Multiple outputs and
resources; a broader
search strategy
Evidence Review
• The keywords
selection revolved
around the term
“smart home”
• Examples of specific
agreed
keywords: smart
technology; adoption
(enablers/barriers);
water and/or energy;
heating; energy
conservation;
vulnerability
Inclusion Criteria
Agreed across teams as
follows:
*Published/produced
in English
*Published/produced
since 2012
*Focused primarily but
not exclusively on the UK
context
* Peer-reviewed for
academic and industry &
policy specialist resources
Results
More than 3,000 filtered
and reviewed sources;
followed by in-depth
analysis of 139:
*69 sources industry and
policy-oriented reports
*70 academic sources
Academic & Industry/Policy-Based Literature
Evidence Review
55. Smart home
systems
Key Adoption Factors
Cost and
benefits
Environmental
User
Support networks
and communities
Policy, industry
and regulation
57. Creating a tool to enable adoption and identifying where
action is required
58. • Giving customers adequate information on both financial and non-financial
benefits of smart technologies
• Appropriate controls and safeguards to allow tailored use dependent on
individual needs
• Building smart home systems with flexibility and interoperability
• Following the principle of inclusion by design
• Engagement strategies for users experiencing digital exclusion and/or
technology anxiety
• Training frontline workers and installers to give tailored, accessible and
appropriate advice
• Ensuring that data security and privacy statements adhere to data protection
regulation(s)
• Mitigating the risks of miscommunication or mis-selling in a growing market
Recommendations for a fair and inclusive smart transition
59. What comes next?
Looking to the future
Alpha
• Testing our framework with stakeholders and users
• Developing a 'tool' to make the framework more useable
• Identifying potential mitigating actions for barriers
• Co-designing possible solution concepts
Beta
• Further development of our solution
concepts, through meaningful inclusion, to
prototype technology-based or service
solutions to the adoption of smart home
systems
Other Projects
• Apply the framework to future, and pre-
existing, projects in this area, including the
NGN Customer Energy Village related
projects (NIA funded)
• Identify opportunities to work with a range
of stakeholders to help progress their goals
61. Contact details
Newcastle Uni
Savvas Papagiannidis - savvas.papagiannidis@newcastle.ac.uk
Diana Gregory-Smith - diana.gregory-smith@newcastle.ac.uk
National Energy Action
Jessica Cook - jess.cook@nea.org.uk
Danielle Butler -danielle.butler@nea.org.uk
Northern Gas Networks
Laura Robson – lrobson@northerngas.co.uk
Keith Owen - kowen@northerngas.co.uk
62. Q&A – Whole Systems Integration challenge
1. Crowdflex: Discovery
2. CEV: Critical factors for the adoption of smart homes for energy efficiency and
implications for consumers and providers
67. 67
National Grid
HyNTS Compression
SIF Discovery Show & Tell Webinar – 23rd May 2022
• Compression system is required to move gas where required, depending on demand.
• More power is required to compress hydrogen
• New compression systems cost £40 - £50m and there are approximately 70 compresser units on the NTS.
• The opportunity to repurpose compression assets could significantly reduce the cost of the energy
transition.
68. 68
National Grid
HyNTS Compression
Work Package High Level Feasibility
WP1: Project Management General project management, meetings & stakeholder engagement
WP2: Business Case & Requirements
Development
Develop functional requirements of project, demonstration location
optioneering, initial development of test plan, initial CBA
WP3: Gas Turbines & Alternative Drive
Systems
Feasibility of hydrogen as a fuel gas, power requirements for
compression of hydrogen, impact of blends on gas turbine, review tests
undertaken on gas turbines and alternative drive systems
WP4: Compressor Equipment Feasibility of repurposing chosen compressor, impact of blends, review
tests undertaken on compressors and alternative compressor systems
WP5: Site Infrastructure & Equipment Feasibility of compression demonstration at FutureGrid, review ancillary
equipment required
WP6: Build, Commission & Test Initial development of testing requirements
SIF Discovery Show & Tell Webinar – 23rd May 2022
69. 69
National Grid
HyNTS Compression – User Needs
• Review of modelling undertaken
- Based on Project Union
- System Transformation 2050 Scenario
- Significant reduction in gas demand, due to electrification
• Engaged with OFGEM, BEIS, HSE, GT & compressor
OEM’s
- Encouraged discussion requirements to ensure outputs are
beneficial to the energy system
- Development of understanding of technology which is
currently available and in development
• User needs mean there may be a requirement for
variable hydrogen blends to be compressed
SIF Discovery Show & Tell Webinar – 23rd May 2022
70. 70
National Grid
HyNTS Compression – Project Overview
An assessment was undertaken on two compressors:
• The compressors were assessed with hydrogen blends of 20%
and 50% and for 100% hydrogen
Dresser Rand DeLaval
Performance data sheets Available Available
Performance maps Available Available
Thermodynamic design data Available Available
Digital design data files Available Available
Material certificates In clarification Available – impeller certificate required
Pressure Difference Achieved (bar)
- Constant vol. flow
- Variable discharge pressure
CH4: 10.8
20% H2: 8.0
50% H2: 5.3
100% H2: 1.0
CH4: 16.7
20% H2: 12.3
50% H2: 7.3
100% H2: 1.3
Most suitable for
re-engineering
SIF Discovery Show & Tell Webinar – 23rd May 2022
71. 71
National Grid
HyNTS Compression – Project Overview
• The original compressor designs are not
suitable for use with 100% hydrogen
• A new initial design was created for 100%
hydrogen
- Design consists of 4 impellers and a gearbox
- Would achieve the same pressure ratio
as natural gas.
- assessed for potential to handle variable
blends of hydrogen
• A repurposed gas turbine could provide the
power required to compress hydrogen and
hydrogen blends
SIF Discovery Show & Tell Webinar – 23rd May 2022
72. 72
National Grid
HyNTS Compression – Project Overview
• A suitable location for the compressor has been
determined at FutureGrid.
• The gas compressor would have a restricted
runtime of between 13 and 20 minutes.
• Large volume of H2 is required for demonstration
- 1600kg/hr of H2 required at peak load
- 1300kg/hr of H2 required on recycle mode
• To increase the gas compressor runtime to the limit
of the gas supply a gas cooler will be required.
• The available power supply will be adequate to
start and run the gas compressor
SIF Discovery Show & Tell Webinar – 23rd May 2022
73. 73
National Grid
HyNTS Compression - Benefits
• Potential to repurpose gas turbines for use with
hydrogen eliminates CO2 emissions from compressor
stations
• The use of compression will provide resilience to a
hydrogen network
• There are approximately 70 compressor units on the
NTS, which would cost £40m - £50m to replace
• Repurposing compression assets, could
significantly reduce of the cost of the energy
transition to the consumer
SIF Discovery Show & Tell Webinar – 23rd May 2022
74. 74
National Grid
HyNTS Compression – Alpha Phase
• Undertake modelling activities to develop compression
requirements
- Develop future hydrogen demand scenarios considering hydrogen
production and interactions between gas and electricity networks.
• Assess suitability of ancillary equipment for use with
hydrogen
• Develop conceptual designs
- Modifications to repurposed gas turbine and compressor
- New compressor for 100% hydrogen
- Hydrogen cab
- Demonstration site
• Refine transportation feasibility assessment
SIF Discovery Show & Tell Webinar – 23rd May 2022
75. Green Hydrogen Injection
into the NTS
Mohammad Hassaan & Alison Cartwright, CNG Services
Michael Azih, EE
William Mezzullo, Centrica
76. Green H2 into NTS Technical Regime
Discovery Phase – Slides for Show and Tell
76
77. Electricity Supply Water Supply Electrolysis
Hydrogen
Storage
Hydrogen
Compression
Hydrogen
Metering
Hydrogen
Blending
Outline of the Main Components of the Technical Regime
As part of the technical regime to inject hydrogen into the NTS, there are 7 key
different stages as shown in the graphic below.
• Water and electricity is needed to supply the electrolyser
• The electrolyser generates hydrogen
• The hydrogen is then compressed and metered
• Hydrogen is then injected into the NTS and blended into the natural gas stream
78. Discovery Phase Conclusions
Feasibility
It is feasible and straightforward to inject H2 into the NTS, building on biomethane as
at Somerset Farm. The plant required in an electrolyser and compressor with a buffer
between them and H2 energy measurement. The extent of downstream gas quality
measurement after blending is an area to review to reduce costs and simplify the
process. The following are the main conclusions from the Discovery Phase
GSMR and HSE Consent
• The 100% H2 injection pipeline would be owned by NGG, and no specific GSMR
changes are required as it blends into the NTS
• Post blending H2 limit is 0.1% which needs flow of 200,000 scmh of natural gas
which is easily achieved on the 4 NTS Feeders in Scotland
Electrolyser
• There are advantages from an electrolyser delivering 99.999% hydrogen as this may
remove the need for separate H2 composition measurement
• Medium term vision is for 70 bar electrolysis with no need for compression
• Rainwater as the source of water is best option if feasible
Compressor
• Oil free reciprocating and diaphragm compressors are recommended due to their
commercial availability and technical features with zero oil contamination.
H2 Flow Metering
• Ultrasonic flow metering is recommended as it is low cost and accurate,
• The cheapest and accurate solution for a desired non invasive measurement.
Site Selection
• For a pilot project, e.g. 1 MW electrolysers, 200 scmh of H2, the key is the GSMR
limit for H2
• Main NTS feeders will allow blending without any gas going to customers that is
outside the 0.1% limit
• Sites close to wind farms that can be expanded could be best option to
demonstrate the injection and the GoO scheme
79. 79
Key Insights
LCOH (p/kWh) and load factor vs. electrolyser capacity, for a system with
a 20 MW wind farm, 5 MW solar system, and grid export connection
• We have modelled 10 electrolyser scenario configurations.
– Of all scenarios, the 5 MW electrolyser coupled with a 20
MW wind farm, 5 MW solar farm, and grid export connection
outputs the lowest LCOH at 13.46 p/kWh.
– Results indicate an ideal 4:1 ratio of [wind farm
MW]:[electrolyser MW] for non-battery scenarios.
• Electrolysers ranging from 1 MW to 35 MW are able to produce
between 0.16 ktH2/yr to 6.23 ktH2/yr.
• The current GSMR H2 requirement limits the capacity of green
H2 electrolysis to 10 MW (at 100% load factor).
• Carbon savings vary between 1 – 44 ktCO2/yr, dependent on
electrolyser capacity and load factor.
• A grid connected 35 MW electrolyser has the potential to
reduce curtailed energy by 90 GWh/yr.
• Of all cost categories, the electricity fuel cost is always the most
significant cost component.
• While the additional cost of injection into the NTS is relatively
low compared to the production costs, the compression &
distribution costs for a transport use-case significantly increases
LCOH.
• A green H2 CfD subsidy at 12.7 p/kWh strike price can
potentially produce a profitable project with an IRR of 17.0%.
4.6 4.6 4.8 5.3 5.7
6.7
9.6
12.5
7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.4
7.5
7.6
7.6
3.3
1.3 0.9
0.9
0.9
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
0.2
Electrolyser Capacity (MW)
LCOH
(p/kWh)
3
0.8
15.0
1 35
0.2
0.7
5
13.7
8
0.7 0.2
15
10
0.6 0.2
0.3
0.3
13.7 14.0
25
0.5
Load
Factor
(%)
16.2
13.5
18.3
21.5
Load Factor
NTS Injection
Miscellaneous
Battery Storage
Electricity
Electrolyser
80. 80
For the NTS injection case, a range of economic performance is seen across the different
modelled scenarios and electrolyser capacities.
• Of all scenarios, the 5 MW electrolyser coupled with
a the 20 MW wind farm, 5 MW solar farm, and grid
export connection (i.e. W+S+GE with 5 MW
electrolyser) produces to lowest outputted LCOH at
13.46 p/kWh.
• For a modelled 20 MW wind farm, an electrolyser
capacity of ~5 MW (for cases without a battery) or
~10 MW (for cases with a battery) produce the
lowest LCOH, indicating an ideal 4:1 ratio or 2:1 ratio
of [wind farm MW]:[electrolyser MW] respectively.
• Generally observed, the addition of a battery to the
system is less financially favourable.
• For scenarios which have the potential for grid
import, LCOH changes are a less sensitive to
variation in electrolyser capacity (with fixed RE
capacity) as a load factor of 1 can always be achieved
by leveraging electricity input from the grid.
LCOH
(p/kWh)
Electrolyser Capacity (MW)
1 3 5 8 10 15 25 35
W+GE 16.67 14.28 14.03 14.20 14.58 15.75 19.53 23.03
W+GIE 16.63 14.30 14.05 14.14 14.33 14.74 15.38 15.60
W+S+GE 16.20 13.69 13.46 13.64 13.99 15.01 18.35 21.49
W+S+GIE 16.40 13.95 13.75 13.89 14.12 14.57 15.27 15.52
GI 21.73 18.69 17.95 17.47 17.32 17.01 16.75 16.58
W+GE+B 34.04 20.34 18.11 17.24 17.33 18.57 22.56 26.06
W+GIE+B 33.91 19.35 16.97 15.98 15.83 15.89 16.12 16.12
W+S+GE+B 33.91 19.18 17.09 16.38 16.45 17.50 21.07 24.21
W+S+GIE+B 34.10 18.92 16.59 15.71 15.57 15.68 16.01 16.05
GI+B 38.98 23.77 20.76 19.00 17.60 17.20 16.87 16.66
LCOH (p/kWh) for varying electrolyser capacities (MW) and scenarios
81. 81
Optimised LCOH: Cumulative effect of each best case scenario results in a profitable outcome
with an 17.0% IRR using a H2 strike price of 12.7p/kWh.
13.46
9.81
1.48
0.84
1.01 0.32
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Electrolyser
Efficiency
LCOH
(p/kWh)
Base Case Electrolyser
Capex
Electricity Cost Capital
Structure
Optimised
Case
-27%
Overall potential for LCOH cost reduction for W+S+GE configuration with 5 MW Electrolyser
• There is potential to reduce the expected
LCOH by 27% reduction relative to the base
case if the best case hypothesis holds true.
• Within the bounds of the sensitivity
parameters used, the largest proportion of
potential cost reduction is contributed by
electrolyser capex (~40%).
• This is not necessarily aligned to future
potential for cost reduction, since electricity
dominates the cost contribution to LCOH (
~53%).
• With a CfD strike price of 12.7p/kWh, this
results in a 17.0% project IRR and NPV20 of
£9.3m
• With a less favourable strike price of
10.2p/kWh (£4/kgH2), this particular
connection configuration is still profitable
with an IRR of 3.1% and NPV20 of £0.23m*.
*In this case, the weighted discount rate is 2.4%. N.B. this case is contingent on a relatively low cost of capital.
82. 82
Centrica’s Contribution
Role in the project:
• Provided an assessment of customer demand for hydrogen trends,
barriers and opportunities.
• Explained the mechanisms required for tracking and trading the
hydrogen from production to the end use customer.
• Provided an overview of the verification process for Hydrogen
Certificates and associated GHG emissions, drawing comparisons from
the biomethane certification process.
• Drew on Centrica's experience of operating electrolysers using excess
power from renewable electricity and demonstrated how electrolysers
can take advantage of varying electricity prices if managed through
dynamic bidding platforms.
Next Steps:
• Establish rules for certification, guarantees of origin (GoO) and
calculating low carbon hydrogen standards requirement.
• Link financial support to GHG pathways.
• Demonstrate how excess or curtailed electricity can be used to
generate hydrogen through virtual sleaving.
83. Alpha Phase Summary
Workstreams for Alpha Phase
• Workstream 1 – Specification Limit for H2 into NTS in a 2023 pilot
• Workstream 2 – FEED for Electrolyser, Buffer, Compression, Injection, Blending Monitoring
• Workstream 3 – Pilot Site Identification and Site Specific FEED Layout Drawings
• Workstream 4 – Commercial Regime for H2 Injection
• Workstream 5 – Financial Support for H2 injection
• Workstream 6 – Strategic Investment in H2 production in SSEN area north of Dundee
Participating Parties
• NGG
• CNG Services
• Element Energy
• Centrica
• SSEN
• Supplemented with specific expertise including from REA., Gas Unie and UK consultants
Key Outcomes from Alpha Phase
Application for BETA Phase including:
- Resolve Discovery Phase outstanding technical issues
- FEED Completed with site specific layout drawings for favoured
pilot site
- Suppliers identified for Major plant items
- Base Case Commercial Regime for Pilot and Commercial Flows
- Engagement with BEIS and potential H2 producers on project
economics and viability
- Identify Strategic Green H2 investment opportunities north of
Dundee
92. Q&A – Whole Systems Integration challenge
5. HyNTS Compression
6. Green Hydrogen Injection into the NTS
7. Nuclear Net-Zero Opportunities (N-NZO)
93. Now Open for Ideas - Ofgem’s Strategic Innovation Fund
A £450m fund for large scale electricity and gas energy network innovation
Each challenge area has key themes which must be addressed. The projects
against these can be technical, social, commercial and/or market innovations.
Supporting a just energy transition
Preparing for a net zero power
system
Improving energy system resilience
and robustness
Accelerating decarbonisation of
major demands
Inclusivity, accessibility, and cost of
living crisis
A fully decarbonised power system by
2035
Energy security and energy system
durability
Decarbonisation of heat, transport,
and buildings
Round 2 Challenges
Supporting
Launch Events – Wednesday 25 May 11:00 – 12:30 and 13:30 – 15:00
Check out the link in the chat