Shock is defined as a state of acute energy failure due to inadequate glucose and oxygen delivery or mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to an inability to meet tissue metabolic needs and remove waste products. There are several types of shock, including hypovolemic, traumatic, neurogenic, cardiogenic, septic, and anaphylactic shock, each with specific causes and clinical features. Common clinical signs include low blood pressure, tachycardia, vasoconstriction, and varying degrees of consciousness loss.

1. shock
-Manali Akolkar

2. DEFINITION:
Shock is defined as a state of acute
energy failure due to inadequate
glucose substrate delivery, oxygen
delivery, or mitochondrial failure at
the cellular level.

3. INTRODUCTION:
 It is a condition in which circulation
fails to meet the metabolic need of
the tissue and at the same time fails
to remove the metabolic waste
products.
 Inadequate tissue perfusion to
meet demands usually result of
inadequate blood flow and or oxygen
delivery.

4. CLINICAL FEATURES OF
SHOCK :

5. TYPES OF SHOCK:
1. Hematogenic or Hypovolemic Shock
2. Traumatic Shock
3. Neurogenic Shock-
a) Vasovagal or Vasogenic Shock
b) Psychogenic Shock
4. Cardiogenic Shock
5. Septic Shock
6.Anaphylactic Shock

6. 1.HEMATOGENIC OR HYPOVOLEMIC
SHOCK
CAUSES :
A) Hemorrhage.
B) Vomiting.
C) Diarrhoea.
D) Dehydration, etc.
CLINICAL FEATURES :
A) Loss of cardiac output.
B) Low blood pressure.
C) Tachycardia.
D) Vasoconstriction revealed by cold clammy
extremities.

7. 2. TRAUMATIC SHOCK :
CAUSES:
A) Major fractures.
B) Crush injuries.
C) Burns.
D) Extensive soft tissue injuries.
E) Intra-abdominal injuries.

8. 3. NEUROGENIC SHOCK:
CAUSES:
A) Paraplegia.
B) Quadriplegia.
C) Trauma to the spinal cord.
D) Spinal anesthesia.

9. TYPES OF NEUROGENIC
SHOCK:
a) Vasovagal or Vasogenic Shock:
It is also a part of neurogenic shock in which
there is pooling of blood due to dilatation of
peripheral vascular system particularly in the
limb muscle and in the splanchnic bed.
b) Psychogenic Shock:
It may follow sudden fright from unexpected
bad news or from the sight of a horrible
accident. Its effect may vary in intensity from
temporary unconciousness to even sudden
death.

10. 4. CARDIOGENIC SHOCK
CAUSES:
A) By injury to the heart.
B) Myocardial infarction.
C) Cardiac arrhythmias.
D) Congestive cardiac failure.

12. 5. SEPTIC SHOCK :
CAUSES:
A) Severe septicemia.
B) Cholangitis.
C) Peritonitis.
D) Meningitis.

13. 6. ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK:
CAUSES:
A) Usually seen after penicillin administration or
administration of serum, dextrose anesthetics,
etc.
B) Such shock is usually caused by bronchospasm,
laryngeal oedema and respiratory diseases which
leads to hypoxia.
C) It is due to increased release of histamine and
Slow Release Substance (SRS) of anaphylaxis by
combination of antigen with IgE on the mast
cells and basophils.