Diseases,pest and physiological disorder of mango,banana,papaya,jackfruit,strawberry ,coffe .

1. PRODUCTION
TECHNOLOGY OF FRUITS
DISEASES,pestsANDPHYSIOLOGICAL
DISORDERSOF MANGO, BANANA, PAPAYA,
JACKFRUIT, STRAWBERRY,COFFEE
Presentated by;
S M Parvej Nowaj

2. MANGO
SCIENTIFIC NAME:- Mangifera indica
FAMILY:- Anacardiaceae
ORIGIN:- INDIA

3. DISEASES
➔ Powdery mildew:-
Disease symptoms:
1.white superficial powdery fungal growth on leaves, stalks of panicles,
flowers and young fruits.
2.Young leaves are attacked on both the sides but it is more
conspicuous on the grower surface.

4. ➔ Phoma blight:-
Disease symptoms:
1. The symptoms of the disease are noticeable only on old leaves.
Initially, the lesions are angular, minute, irregular, yellow to light
brown, scattered over leaf lamina.
2. Their colour changes from brown to cinnamon and they become
almost irregular.

5. ➔ Die back:-
Disease symptoms:
1.The pathogen causing dieback, tip dieback, graft union blight, twig
blight, seedling rot, wood stain, stem-end rot, black root rot, fruit rot,
dry rot, brown rot of panicle etc.
2.The disease is most conspicuous during October November.

6. ➔ Bacterial canker :-
Disease symptoms:
1. The disease is noticed on leaves, leaf stalks, stems, twigs, branches
and fruits, initially producing water soaked lesions, later turning into
typical canker.
2.These spots often, burst extruding gummy substances containing
highly contagious bacterial cells.

7. ➔ Red rust:-
Disease symptoms:
1. Red rust disease, caused by an alga, has been observed in mango
growing areas.
2. The algal attack causes reduction in photosynthetic activity and
defoliation of leaves thereby lowering vitality of the host plant.
3. The spots are greenish grey in colour and velvety in texture. Later,
they turn reddish brown.
4. The circular and slightly elevated spots sometimes coalesce to form
larger and irregular spots.
5. The disease is more common in closely planted orchards.

8. PESTS
➔ Mango mealy bug :-
Damage symptoms :-
1. The adult bugs are covered with whitish powder and colonize
between bark of tree trunk, young shoots and panicles
2.They also excrete honey dew, a sticky substance, which facilitates
development of sooty mould

9. ➔ Fruit fly :-
Damage symptoms :-
1. The female punctures outer wall of mature fruits with the help of its
pointed ovipositor.
2.Insert eggs in small clusters inside mesocarp of mature fruits.

10. ➔ Stem borer:-
Damage symptoms :-
1. Grub tunnels in the sapwood on the trunk or branches
2. Feeding the vascular tissues
3. Interruption of nutrient and water transport on the tissue
4. Drying of terminal shoot in early stage
5. Wilting of branches or entire tree

11. PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDER
CAUSE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS:-
1. Deficiency of micronutrient
2. Sudden fluctuation in temperature
3. Poor soil conditions
4. Improper moisture availability during cultivation

12. Alternate bearing
➔ Alternate bearing is avery serious and an old problem in
mango
➔ It is the production of a heavy crop in one year or very little
crop in the next year
➔ South indian cultivators are regular in bearing
Causes :-
1. Varietal differences
2. Growth habit
3. Crop load
4. Sex ratio
5. Insect pest and diseases
6. Cultural practices

13. MEASURES :-

14. MANGO MALFORMATION
MALFORMATION IS OF 2 TYPES ;
➔ VEGITATIVE MALFORMATION IS MORE PREVALENT IN
NURSERIES(SEEDLINGS)
➔ FLORAL MALFORMATION
CAUSES:-

15. MEASURES :-

16. BANANA
SCIENTIFIC NAME:- MUSA SP
FAMILY:- Musaceae
ORIGIN:- S.E Asia

17. DISEASES
★ Panama wilt (Fusarium oxysporam)
★ Anthracnose (Gleosporium musarum)
★ Leaf spot (Sigatoka) [Mycosphaarella musicola & Cercospora
musae]
★ Shoot rot (Ceratostomella paradoxa)
★ Bunchy-top.

18. BANANA WEEVIL
● Weevil infestation of young plants causes stunting of
growth, production of small bunches and sometimes plants
death.
CONTROLOFWEEVIL:-
➔ Culturalpractices(e.g.cleanplantingmaterial,properfield sanitationand
trapping)
➔ Chemicalinsecticides(e.g.dnrsban,primicid,furadan)
➔ Biologicalagents(e.g.fungalpathogens)andresistantcultivars.

19. INSECT PESTS
● Root stock/rhizome weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus) ,
● Stem borer (Odioporus longicollis)
● Banana beetle ( Nodostoma subcostatum)
● Banana aphid (Pentalonia nigronervosa)
● Nematodes & Thrips
● Banana Weevil
Application of 0.04% endosulfan, 0.1 % carbaryl or 0.05
% monocrotophos depending upon the type of pest
infestation

20. PAPAYA
SCIENTIFIC NAME:- Carica papaya
FAMILY:-Caricaceae
ORIGIN:-Tropical America (Mexico)
Chromosome no :-2n=2X=18

21. DISEASES
1.Stem rot / Foot rot:-
Cause- It is caused by group of fungi but Pythium
aphanidermatum is mainly responsible for it.
Symptoms- Rotting of stem near collar region.
Control- Kavach/Rovral (2ml/litre) and Metalxyl/Mencozeb (2g/litre)
as and when required.

22. 2.Powdery mildew:-
Cause- Oidium caricae/ Laveilulla taurica
Symptoms- White mealy growth on leaves, petioles and young
shoots.
Control- wetabl sulphur ( 1g/litre Apply) during September-January.

23. 3.Anthracnose:
Cause- Colletotrichum gleoesporiodes
Symptoms- Dark brown depressed spots of chocolate colour.
Control- Apply Carbendazim (1g/litre) and Mencozeb ( 2g/litre )
15 days before harvesting.
4.Damping off:
Cause- Complex of organisms responsible but mainly Pythium spp.
Symptoms- Causes drooping of seedlings which ultimately die
off.
Control- Treat seeds with Captan ( 2g/kg ).

24. 5.Leaf curl
Cause- Papaya leaf curl virus ( Vector-White fly, Bemicia tabbaci )
Symptoms- Curling, crinkling and distortion of leaves,
reduction of leaf lamina, rolling of leaf margins inward and
downward,thickening of veins.
Control- Uproot affected plants.
Avoid growing tomato, tobacco near papaya. Spraying
with systemic insecticides to control the vector.

25. PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS
1.SKIN FRECKLES
➢ Freckle like blemishes occur on ripe fruits but young fruits are
free from this freckles.
➢ Brown colour with water soaked marigins
CONTROL
Wrapping young fruits with white paper bags
2. Pulp gelification
•Mg & Ca deficiencies in the pulp leading to gelification
•CONTROL
Proper nutrient application during fruit formation stage

26. JACKFRUIT
SCIENTIFIC NAME:- Artocarpus heterophyllus
FAMILY:- Moraceae.
ORIGIN:- India
Chromosome no :- 2n=56

27. DISEASES
❏ Fruit rot (Rhizopus artocarpi)- The disease causes
premature fall of young fruits due to rotting and may
result in heavy loss in yield under unusually humid
conditions. Spraying of dithane M-45(0.2%) and
bavistin (0.05%) at 15 days interval during fruit
growth was found effective in controlling fruit rot.
❏ Pink disease, stem rot, male inflorescence rot and
soft rot are occasionally noticed in jackfruit.
❏ However, these diseases are not serious maladies
and can be controlled by pruning the affected parts
and using Bordeaux paste at the cut-ends.

28. Pests and diseases
Shoot and fruit borer -It is often serious in Assam,
Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. It bores into the tender shoots
and buds. The affected parts should be nipped off and
destroyed. Application of carbaxyl (Sevin) 50 per cent at the
rate of 4 g per litre of water by spray in flowering season is
advisable.

29. Bud weevil (Ochyromera artocarpi) - reported to
bore into the tender buds and shoots. They may be
controlled by destroying fallen fruits and buds and
by collecting grubs and adults.
In addition, mealy bug and jack scale are also found
to attack jackfruit which can be controlled by use of
a suitable contact insecticide

30. PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS
Chilling injury: Jackfruits exposed to temperatures below
12°C before transfer to higher temperatures exhibit chilling
injury symptoms, including dark-brown discoloration of the
skin,
pulp browning and off-flavor development, and increased
susceptibility to decay.

31. STRAWBERRY
SCIENTIFIC NAME:- Fragaria vesca
FAMILY:- Rosaceae
ORIGIN:- EUROPE
Chromosome no :- 2n = 8x = 56 ( octoploid )

32. DISEASE
Verticillium wilt :-
❖ Older leaves turn into brown
❖ shriveled and plant die
CONTROL :-
❖ Proper crop rotation and soil fumigation with formalin
(5000L/ha)
Black Root Rot :-
❖ Caused by water-logged
❖ draining soil , freezing or nematode
CONTROL :-
❖ Avoiding poor draining clayish soil
❖ Adding organic matters to soil would also be effective

33. PEST
• Strawberry Root weevil :-
❖ Feed on the rootlets and make the deep tunnels in
crown
CONTROL:-
❖ Apply Carbofuran (6-7kg/ha) and parathion (0.017%)
around the plant
• Hairy Caterpillar :-
❖ Defoliate leaves during June- july
CONTROL:-
❖ Spraying of Endosulphon 0.05% or malathion 0.05%
• White grubs and cut worms
• Red spider mites

34. PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS
❖ Albinism is a physiological disorder in
strawberry
❖ It is probably caused by certain climatic
conditions and extremes in nutrition.
❖ Fruits remain irregularly pink or even totally
white and sometimes swollen
❖ They have acid taste and become less firm.

35. COFFEE
SCIENTIFIC NAME:- Coffea
FAMILY:- Madder
ORIGIN:- Ethiopian plateau

36. DISEASES
Coffee leaf rust :-
Disease symptoms:-
● The first observable symptoms are small, pale yellow spots on the upper
surface of the leaves.
● These spots gradually increase in diameter, mass of orange
urediniospores (= uredospores) appear on the undersurface.
● powdery lesions on the underside of the leaves can be orange-yellow to
red-orange in color, and this colour expression has considerable variation
from one region to another.

37. Brown eye spot disease :-
Disease symptoms:-
● Symptoms appear as small, chlorotic spots on leaves that expand to 3/16 to 5/8 inch in
diameter.
● The outer portion of the leaf spot becomes brown, and the center appear grey.
● The eye-like appearance of the infected spot distinguishes it from other leaf spot
diseases.
● Affected leaves may defoliate prematurely.

38. PESTS
Coffee Berry Borer :-
● These tiny black beetles are present in almost all coffee-producing
countries, where they burrow inside coffee cherries. They are very
difficult to manage with insecticides because they are protected by the
cherries.

39. Coffee Leaf Miner :-
❖ Coffee leaf miners are two related species of moth – Leucoptera
coffeella, which is prevalent in Latin America, and Leucoptera
caffeina, which is found in African producing countries.
Mealybugs :-
❖ Mealybugs are a group of insects that feed on a variety of trees and
plants. In coffee, they attack various parts, including branches,
nodes, leaves, roots, and flower clusters.

40. PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS
❖ Coffee leaf rust: Hemileia vastatrix.
❖ Black rot or koleroga: Corticium salmonicolor.
❖ Brown root disease: Fomes noxius Corner.
❖ Sandavery root disease: Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.
❖ Berry blotch: Cercospora coffeicola.

41. Submitted to :-
Dr.Anindita Roy
Dept of horticulture