In India, the conventional potato cultivation methods are not merely enough to solve the issues like high cost of cultivation, disease management and storage of seed tubers. Also, the novel technologies of potato production such as High tech seed production, Microplant based seed production system, Aeroponic based seed production system, Microtuber based seed production system etc. cannot be easily adopted by small & marginal farmers .  Thus, this void of cheap &  cost effective , quality efficient method of potato cultivation can be successfully fulfilled by True Potato seed production technique, which comes with some excellent pros of high net profit, high quality produce, transport & storability.

1. CHANDRA SHEKHAR AZAD
University of Agriculture & Technology
Kanpur 208002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
SST – 599 COURSE SEMINAR
Presentation on
TRUE POTATO SEED(TPS)
Production Technique
BY : A N K I T S I N G H
M.Sc. Ag. II YEAR
ADVISOR : Dr. V. P. Bajpai
Asst. Professor, Department of
Seed Science & Technology.

2. OUTLINE -
 Introducing Potato Crop
 Origin & History
 Area & distribution
 Botanical Description
 Climate & Season
 CONVENTIONAL POTATO PRODUCTION
 Limitations
 WHAT IS TPS ?
 METHODOLGY OF TPS
 UTILTY OF TPS
 ADVANTAGES (WHY TPS ? )
 CONCLUSION

3. Introducing Potato
Crop
• Kingdom : Plantae
• Phylum : Anthophyta
• Division : Magnoliophyta
• Class : Magnoliopsida
• Sub class : Asteridae
• Order : Solanales
• Family : Solanaceae
• Genus : Solanum
• Species : S. tuberosum
• Botanical Name : Solanum tuberosum L.

4. • The potato is a root vegetable crop ,
which is at the top in the category of
most widely consumed Vegetable crops in
the world.
• It a modified stem tuber
of Solanum tuberosum, a herbaceous
perennial plant of nightshade
family Solanaceae.
• It is a starch rich staple food, a
prominent source of vitamin B6 &
Vitamin C, widely cultivated &
consumed in many countries.
Introducing Potato
Crop

5. Centre Of Origin : Tropical South America
PERU TO SPAIN (1565)
SPAIN to ENGLAND (1586)
ENGLAND to EUROPE
EUROPE to INDIA (17th cent.)
Introducing Potato
Crop
IMAGE SOURCE : Beautiful World Travel Guide

6. Introducing Potato
Crop 1st
•CHINA
•99.12 Mt
2nd
•INDIA
•43.77 Mt
3rd
•RUSSIA
•31.1 Mt
PRODUCTION
(Million tonnes)
•WORLD POTATO
PRODUCTION :
376.87 Million
tonnes/Year
DATA SOURCE : www.atlasbig.com

7. • WORLD POTATO
PRODUCTION :
376.87 Million
tonnes/Year
Introducing Potato
Crop
1st
•CHINA
•5,815
2nd
•INDIA
•2,130
3rd
•RUSSIA
•2,030
ACREAGE
(Hectares)
DATA SOURCE : www.atlasbig.com

8. • POTATO PRODUCTION
in INDIA :
56.17 Million tonnes
(2020-21)
Introducing Potato
Crop
1st
• UTTAR
PRADESH
• 15.81
2nd
• WEST
BENGAL
• 15.09
3rd
• BIHAR
• 9.04
DATA SOURCE : www.agricoop.nic.in
PRODUCTION
(Million tonnes)

9. • POTATO ACREAGE in
INDIA :
2,203.03 Hectares
(2020-21)
Introducing Potato
Crop
1st
• UTTAR
PRADESH
• 620.44
2nd
• WEST
BENGAL
• 455.21
3rd
• BIHAR
• 327.58
DATA SOURCE : www.agricoop.nic.in
ACREAGE
(Hectares)

10. Introducing Potato Crop
MAJOR KHARIF POTATO
PRODUCING STATES -
MAJOR RABI POTATO
PRODUCING STATES -
UTTAR PRADESH WEST BENGAL
BIHAR ASSAM
GUJARAT CHATTISGARH
MADHYA
PRADESH
JHARKHAND
PUNJAB HARYANA
MAHARASHTRA
UTTRAKHAND
KARNATAKA
HIMACHAL PRADESH
TAMIL NADU

11. Introducing Potato Crop
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION -
• cultivated potato is a tetraploid with 2n=4x=48.
• FLOWER: Bisexual, actinomorphic
• CALYX: 5, Gamosepalous
• COROLLA: 5, Gamopetalous
• ANDROECIUM : 5, Epipetalous
• GYNOECIUM : Bicarpellary, superior ovary
• FRUITS : Berry or Capsule
• SEEDS : Endospermous
• LEAVES : Alternate & Compound
IMAGE SOURCE : www.flickr.com

12. BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION -
• Potato tuber is a modified stem with
shortened axis and poorly developed leaves.
• ‘Eye’ of tuber is a leaf-scar rwith a
subtended lateral bud having undeveloped
internodes.
• The underground stem called stolons have
nodes and internodes and grow horizontally
outwards.
• At the end of stolons, tuberisation takes
place from sub-apical region of stolon which
arises from basal nodes of stem below soil
level.
Introducing
Potato Crop

13. CLIMATE & SEASON -
• About 20 °C temperature is good for
tuber formation and it reduces as the
temperature increases.
• Potato is a long day plant, and it takes place
under cool climate and long day conditions
of more than 15 hours light.
• It has a wide range of seasonal adaptability.
In general, it is a summer crop in hills and a
winter crop in plains.
• In Gangetic plains, sowing season is
extended from mid September to mid
January for about four months.
Introducing
Potato Crop

14. CLIMATE & SEASON -
• In Punjab and Western UP, two crops in
succession are taken in same land, first in
September- October and second in
December —January.
• In Nilgiri hills, when winter temperatures
are not too low, three crops are raised
in succession by planting in April, August
and January.
Introducing
Potato Crop

15. Planting Time-
In Plains:
• Early Crop: Third week of September to first
week of October.
• Main crop: First week of October to third
week of October.
• Late Crop: Third week of October to first
week of November
In Hills:
• Potatoes are planted in hills from the third
week of February to second week ofApril.
Introducing
Potato Crop

16. CONVENTIONAL
Potato Cultivation
• In India, basic seed potato is produced by
conventional breeding methods & selection
and further multiplied as per standard seed
plot techniques.
• Some of the popular methods include -
FOUNDATION SEED PRODUCTION
CERTIFIED SEED PRODUCTION
SEED PLOT TECHNIQUE

17. • Low rate of multiplication
• Requires more number of disease free
propagules in the initial stage
• Development of 100% healthy seed
stock from infected material is slow and
time taking
• Progressive accumulation of
degenerative viral diseases in each field
exposure and,
• Many field multiplications of initial
disease-free material (7 years).
LIMITATIONS of
Conventional
Potato Cultivation

18. SOLUTION to
LIMITATIONS of
Conventional
Potato
Cultivation... ?
TPS !

19. WHAT IS TPS
TECHNIQUE ?
TRUE POTATO SEED Production Technique :
An Alternative Method
For POTATO Production
IMAGE SOURCE : www.cultivariable.com

20. WHAT IS TRUE
POTATO SEED ?
• True potato seed is the
actual botanical seed
produced by the sexual
reproduction.
• TPS is formed within the
fruits/berries of potato
which remeble tomatoes
in appearance.
IMAGE SOURCE : www.cultivariable.com

21. WHAT IS TRUE
POTATO SEED ?
• True potato seed is a cheap & effective
source of planting material.
• The shortage of good quality tubers
can be easily fulfilled by the use of
true potato seeds.
• The concept of raising potato from
true potato seeds was given by Dr. S.
Ramanujan the founder of Central
Potato Research Institute.
IMAGE SOURCE : www.cultivariable.com

22. TRUE POTATO SEED vs SEED
POTATO?
• True potato seed is the actual botanical seed produced by the sexual
reproduction. TPS is formed within the fruits/berries of potato which
resemble tomatoes in appearance.
• Pre-sprout and cut potatoes used for potato cultivation are called as
SEED POTATO
IMAGE SOURCE : www.cultivariable.com

23. METHODOLY OF TPS Production
1. Selection of Parents
• In the production of hybrid TPS, Solanum tuberosum spp.
tuberosum should be used as female parent, and the Solanum
tuberosum spp. andigena as male parent (Upadhya,1994).
• Parents with the following characters are selected
• High yield potential
• Resistance to major diseases
• Ability to bloom under short day conditions
• Set berries containing high number of bold seeds.
• Progenies with high germination capacity and high yielding
potential.

24. METHODOLY OF TPS Production
2. Planting of HYBRIDIZATION Block
• Plant the male block about a week before planting female
block during the main season in the plains at the spacing
of 60 x 20 cm.
• In the female block, prepare beds of three rows each,
draw 3 rows at 50 cm inter row distance (in hills) and 45
cm inter row spacing (in plains) leaving 80 cm
walking space between two adjacent beds.
• Plant tubers at 15 cm intra-row distances.
• For both parents, tubers of 30 g weight are planted.

25. METHODOLY OF TPS Production
3. FLOWERING -
• The flowering in potato depends on
species, cultivar and environmental
conditions.
• It is known that photoperiods of 18-19
hours are optimal for maximizing
flowering and berry set.
• GA3 sprayed @ 75 ppm at 40 days
after planting was also effective in
flower induction (Lallan Singh, 1993).

26. METHODOLY OF
TPS Production
4. POLLINATION :
Genetic tools used for hybrid TPS production
are;
• 1. Hand emasculation and pollination
(Pollination without emasculation) and
• 2. Use of chemical hybridizing agents.
However, the widely followed method for
TPS production is pollination without
emasculation.
IMAGE SOURCE : www.cultivariable.com

27. METHODOLY OF
TPS Production
5. Berry Set and Harvest
• Berries are ready for harvest after about 6-
7 weeks of pollination.
• Under field conditions, a flowering
plant will produce 20 berries on an average.
• A berry contains about 200
seeds. Upadhya et al. (1982)
reported genotypic variations for
seeds /berry.
• Harvest well developed
and fully riped berries.
IMAGE SOURCE : www.cultivariable.com

28. METHODOLY OF TPS
Production
6. True Potato Seed Processing
• A hand operated reverse screw juice
extractor is used to extract the seed.
• The seed and pulp is treated with 10%
HCL with continuous stirring for 20
minutes.
• The debris is removed by nylon net of
3.13mm mesh size.
• The seed is washed 3-4 times for acid
removal.
IMAGE SOURCE : www.cultivariable.com

29. METHODOLY OF TPS
Production
6. True Potato Seed Processing
• Seed is spread over a thin layer &
dried under shade for 72 hours and
exposed to sunlight for 30 minutes.
• The moisture content is
maintained upto 5-7 %.
7. Grading : Seeds are graded using
sieves of sizes 1/14”, 1/16”, 1/18”, 1/20”
round perforated sieves .
IMAGE SOURCE : www.cultivariable.com

30. METHODOLY OF
TPS Production
8. STORAGE & Packaging -
• The seed is packed in double walled
polythene bags of required thickness.
• Short term storage : Room
temperature, (several months upto 2
years)
• Long term Storage : 6-10degree
Celcius(At 4 degree Celcius, TPS can be
stored for several years without any
loss to germinability).
IMAGE SOURCE : www.cultivariable.com

31. UTILIZATION OF TPS
FIELD SOWING
1
TRANSPLANTING
TO FIELD
2
PLANTING SEED
TUBERS
PRODUCED
FROM TPS
3
Using TPS potato crops can be grown by the following approaches -

32. UTILIZATION OF
TPS -
1. FIELD SOWING
• About 100-200g seeds are
sufficient to cover 1 ha. area
• Suitable for areas with mild
temperatures
• Evenly distributed light rainfall
• It supports good germination &
seedling establishment in the
field.
IMAGE SOURCE : www.sciencedirect.com

33. UTILIZATION OF TPS
-
2. TRANSPLANTING
• TPS can be sown in trays or in
nursery beds.
• Seedling emergence normally
occurs between 8-10days after
sowing.
• However, the seedlings are
ready to transplant in the main
field after 35 days of sowing.
IMAGE SOURCE : www.youtube.com

34. UTILIZATION OF TPS -
3. PLANTING SEED TUBERS
• The first generation of tubers produced
from seedlings of TPS are referred to
as "seedling tubers".
• Small tubers (40 g size) produced in
the seedlings of TPS are also used to
serve as planting material to produce
potatoes for consumption.
• Simultaneosly, seedling tubers cab also
be utilized to increase seed tuber
supply.
IMAGE SOURCE : www.feedipedia.com

35. WHY WE NEED TPS(Advantages) ?
• By using TPS, the entire tuber harvest would become
available for table purpose.
• About 200g of seeds can replace 2tonnes of seed
tubers required for 1 hectare land.
• TPS would minimize the problems associated with
tuber transmitted diseases.
• Seed tubers are perishable & difficult to transport to
distant production areas.
• Transport of TPS is inexpensive and simple.
• No cold storage facility is required for TPS, which is
otherwise needed for seed tubers.
• The heterogeneity of the population derived from TPS
is expected to offer wide genetic diversity and greater
resistance to pathogens. IMAGE SOURCE : www.vecteezy.com

36. Conclusio
n
In India, the conventional potato cultivation
methods are not merely enough to solve the issues
like high cost of cultivation, disease management
and storage of seed tubers. Also, the novel
technologies of potato production such as High tech
seed production, Microplant-based seed production
system ,Aeroponic based seed production
system ,Microtuber-based seed production
system etc. cannot be easily adopted by small &
marginal farmers .
Thus , this void of cheap & cost effective , quality
efficient method of potato cultivation can be
successfully fulfilled by True Potato seed production
technique, which comes with some excellent pros of
high net profit, high quality produce, transport &
storability.

37. Refrences
• CLIP SLIDE TRAINING SERIES III-I, TRUE POTATO SEED,
INTERNATIONAL POTATO CENTRE((CIP).
• Monthly Report Potato,
APRIL 2020, HORTICULTURE STATISTICS DIVISION, Departme
nt of Agriculture, Cooperation
& Farmers Welfare ,MoA & FW, Government of India, India.
• https://www.intechopen.com/journals/novel-potato-
breeding-technologies
• https://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/crop-production/package-
of-practices/vegetables-1/potato
• https://www.cultivariable.com/potatoes-extracting-true-
potato-seed/
• https://www.krishisewa.com/seed-production/1110-
techniques-for-high-quality-seed-potato-production.html
• https://www.atlasbig.com/en-in/countries-by-potato-
production

38. THANKS !