Fruits and Plantation Crops with Horticultural Classification

1. Jupite Mark U. Banayag, L.Agr
Faculty
Compostela Valley State College
Purok 10, Poblacion, Compostela, 8803 Compostela Valley
pitebanayag@gmail.com
FRUITS & PLANTATION CROPS
with Horticultural Classification
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2. Definition of Horticulture
•The two main divisions of crop
production, horticulture and agronomy
•It is quite impossible to give an exact
definition of horticulture
•classification into agronomic and
horticultural crops varies from country to
country and even from author to author
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3. Definition of Horticulture Cont.
•Horticulture is the growing of flowers,
fruits and vegetables, and of plants for
ornament and fancy - (Ohio State University n.d.) (Liberty Hyde
Bailey (1858-1954), an American scholar who can be considered as one of the
Fathers of Horticultural Science along with Thomas Andrew Knight (1759-1838) and
John Lindley (1799-1865) (Janick 2002))
•Horticulture is derived from the Latin words
• hortus, meaning garden, and
• cultura, meaning cultivation
• (The New Webster's Dictionary of the English Language,
international edition, 2004. Lexicon Publications, Inc. p.468).
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4. Definition of Horticulture Cont.
• it is the branch of agriculture concerned with
intensively cultured plants directly used by man for
food, for medicinal purposes, or for esthetic
gratification - Janick (1972)
• Horticulture is the science and art involved in the
cultivation, propagation, processing and marketing
of ornamental plants, flowers, turf, vegetables,
fruits, and nuts. It is unique among plant sciences
because it not only involves science and technology, but
it also incorporates art and principles of design. -
Louisiana State University (2011)
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5. Conclusions…
1. Horticulture is a branch of plant agriculture and is both
a science and an art. As an art, it incorporates the
principles of design (as in landscaping).
2. Horticulture deals with intensively cultured and high-
value crops.
3. Horticultural crops include the vegetables, fruits, and
nuts which are directly used by man for food, the
flowers and other ornamental plants for aesthetic uses
or visual enjoyment, and those used for medicinal
purposes.
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6. International Society for Horticultural Science
(ISHS 2011) and Janick (1972; 2002) provide the
following descriptors of horticulture:
Horticulture differs from agronomy in many
ways but some crops can be classified as both
horticultural and agronomic depending on use
(e.g. sweet corn is horticultural, grain or forage
corn is agronomic).
Horticulture is intensive. It deals with high-
value crops which are intensively cultivated
with high infusion of capital in terms of
production inputs, labor and technology per
land area JMUBanayag

7. International Society for Horticultural Science
(ISHS 2011) and Janick (1972; 2002) provide the
following descriptors of horticulture:
 Protected cultivation, as in glasshouses and
plastic tunnels, and irrigation are common.
 The following terms are used to refer to
production units for horticultural crops:
gardens, orchards, groves, vineyards,
greenhouses, nurseries, and sometimes
plantations.
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8. Agronomic vs. Horticultural Crops
CRITERIA AGRONOMIC CROPS HORTICULTURAL CROPS
Ultimate consumers Human and animals Human
Harvest stage Often harvested mature Harvested at different stages
Consumption
Consumed processed in living
state or dried
Often consumed fresh
Moisture content of harvested
product
low high
Aesthetic consideration low high
Vitamins and minerals low high
Income per unit area low high
Crops classifications
cereal or grain crops, grain,
legumes or pulses, oilseed, crops,
pasture and forage, crops, fiber
crops, sugar, crops, starchy root
and tuber crops
vegetable crops, fruit crops
and edible nuts, ornamental
crops, nursery crops, aromatic
crops, medicinal crops
Terms for production units
field, pasture, range, forest,
plantation
garden, orchard, grove,
vineyard, greenhouse,
nursery, plantationJMUBanayag

9. BRANCHES OF HORICULTURE
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10. Olericulture
•The production of plants for use of the
edible parts.
•Vegetable crops are grown for their
succulent and edible parts such as the
roots, stems, leaves, young tops,
flowers, fruits, or seeds for use in
culinary preparations either fresh or
preserved in the fresh state.
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11. Vegetable crops can be classified into
categories as:
•Salad crops - lettuce, celery
•Cole crops - cabbage and cauliflower
•Root crops (tubers) - potatoes, beets,
carrots, radishes
•Bulb crops - onions, leeks
•Legumes - beans, peas
•Cucurbits - melons, squash, cucumber
•Solanaceous crops - tomatoes, peppers
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12. Salad Crops
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13. Cole Crops
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14. Root Crops
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15. Bulb Crops
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16. Legumes
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17. Cucurbits
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18. Solanaceous Crops
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19. Pomology
•The branch of horticulture which
deals with fruit crops.
•Fruit crops are grown for their edible
fruits which, as a rule, are
consumed raw.
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20. Tropical Fruits
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21. JMUBanayag

22. Temperate Fruits
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23. Floriculture
•The cultivation and management of cut
flowers, flowering plants, and foliage plants
including their use in ornamental construct
such as flower arrangement.
•A term that is used interchangeably with
floriculture is ornamental horticulture.
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24. JMUBanayag

25. Floriculture Crops includes:
•Bedding Plants,
• consist of young flowering plants and vegetable plants.
They are grown usually inside a controlled
environment, and sold largely for gardens and
landscaping.
•Flowering Pot Plants,
• Flowering pot plants are largely sold for indoor use.
•Cut Flowers.
• Cut flowers are usually sold in bunches or as bouquets
with cut foliage. The production of cut flowers is
specifically known as the cut flower industry.
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26. Bedding Plants
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27. Flowering Pot Plants
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28. Cut Flowers
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29. Flower: The Reproductive Organ of
Plants
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30. What is Fruit?
•Technically, a fruit is a mature, ripened
ovary.
•Contain the seed (ripened ovules) and
pericarp (the tissue that surrounds the
seeds)
•Two main functions:
•to prevent the seeds from drying
•to disperse the seeds.
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31. Pollination
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32. Climacteric vs. Non-climacteric Fruits
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33. Parts of a Fruit
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34. JMUBanayag

35. 1. strawberry a berry?
2. Is coconut a nut?
3. Is peanut a nut?
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36. Types of fruits: Description
1. Fleshy fruit are juicy.
a. Berry has an entirely fleshy ovary. Tomatoes, dates,
blueberries, bananas, peppers, and cranberries.
b. Hesperidium have a leathery rind. Examples include
oranges, grapefruits, lemons, and limes.
c. Pepo is a type of fruit defined by hard rind and a fleshy
inner matrix. Watermelons, cantaloupe, squash, and
pumpkins.
d. Drupe is a fruit with a fleshy exterior and a single hard,
stony pit surrounding the seed. Cherries, peaches, olives,
mango, raspberry coconut, plums.
e. Pomes have a fleshy exterior and a center with papery
carpels. Apples and pears.
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38. Types of fruits: Description
2. Dry fruits may be indehiscent or dehiscent.
a. Indehiscent fruits are those that do not split open at maturity and
are usually one- or two-seeded.
1) Achene is a single-seeded fruit with seed attached at only one place
to the pericarp. Sunflower, strawberry, buckwheat.
2) Caryopsis fruit is similar to an achene; however, the pericarp sticks
or clings to the seed. Corn, rice, barley, rye, amaranth, sorghum, oat,
and wheat.
3) A samara is usually single-seeded with a membranous wing.
Examples are maple, elm, and ash.
4) A nut is hard, one-seeded fruit. Oak, walnut, filbert, and hickory.
5) A uricle is like an achene, but the ovary wall fits loosely around the
seed. Examples are finger millet and pigweed.
6) A nutlet is a small version of a nut. Birch and hornbeam.
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39. Achene is a single-seeded fruit with seed
attached at only one place to the pericarp.
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40. Caryopsis fruit is similar to an achene; however, the
pericarp sticks or clings to the seed.
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41. samara is usually single-seeded with a
membranous wing
Maple Elm
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42. A nut is hard, one-seeded fruit.
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43. A uricle is like an achene, but the ovary wall
fits loosely around the seed.
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44. A nutlet is a small version of a nut.
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45. Types of fruits: Description
b. Dehiscent fruits are fruits that split open upon maturation.
1) A legume (pod) is composed of a single carpel and has two
longitudinal sutures. Soybeans, green beans, and peas.
2) A follicle is composed of a single carpel and splits open along one
suture. Milkweed.
3) A capsule is composed of more than one carpel that are united and
form many-seeded fruits. Okra and cotton.
4) A pyxis is a type of capsule with a lid that falls from the fruit. An
example is purslane.
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46. follicle
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47. pyxis
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48. Types of fruits: Origin
1. Simple fruits
- develop from a single ovary of a single pistil.
- fleshy
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49. Types of fruits: Origin
1. Simple fruits
- develop from a single ovary of a single pistil.
- dry
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50. Types of fruits: Origin
2. Aggregate fruits
- develop from a single flower that has many pistils.
- Raspberries are an aggregate of drupes.
- Strawberries are an aggregate of achenes
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51. JMUBanayag

52. Types of fruits: Origin
3. Multiple fruits
- consist of a number of flowers that fused to form a mass
- pineapples, edible fig, mulberry, osage-orange, and
breadfruit
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53. JMUBanayag

54. Plantation Crops
• plants grown in large tracts of land under intensive
culture, usually in a tropical or subtropical country,
where products are sold in distant markets rather
than for local consumption
• requires plenty of labor and large investment of
capital
• corporate organizations and multinational
companies - Dole Philippines and Del Monte.
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55. Classification of Plantation Crops
• Fiber crops (cotton, abaca, buri, kapok, sisal)
• Trees (e.g. falcata, mahogany)
• Bamboo (e.g. giant bamboo, thorny bamboo),
• Industrial crops (e.g. sugarcane, coconut, palm oil,
rubber, papaya),
• Beverage crops (coffee, cacao, tea),
• Fruit crops (e.g. banana, pineapple),
• Nuts (e.g. cashew, Pili nut)
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56. Classification of Plantation Crops
•Vegetables (e.g. asparagus),
•Spices (e.g. turmeric, pepper, laurel, etc.),
•Aromatic crops (ilang-ilang, vanilla, citronella,
etc.),
•Medicinal and Pesticidal crops (banaba,
lagundi, neem, etc)
•Tobacco
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57. Botanical classification
•Plant Kingdom
•Division I – Thallophyta (algae)
•Division II – Bryophyta (mosses & liverworts)
•Division III – Pteridophyta (ferns & fern allies)
•Division IV – Spermatophyta (seed plants)
• Class 1 – Gymnospermae (pine trees)
• Class II – Angiospermae (flowering plants)
• Subclass I – Monocotyledonae
• Subclass II – Dicotyledonae
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58. Family Anacardiaceae
•Cashew
Anacardium occidentale L.
•Mango
Mangifera indica L.
•Purple mombin
Spondias purpurea L.
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59. Family Agavaceae
•Maguey
Agave cantala Roxb.
•Sisal
Agave sisalana Perr.
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60. Family Annonaceae
•Soursop, labana
Annona muricata L.
•Sugar apple, atis
Annona squamosa L.
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61. Family Arecaceae
• Sugar Palm
Arenga pinnata (Wumb) Merr.
• Coconut
Cocos nucifera L.
• African oil palm
Elaeis guineensis Jacq.
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62. Family Bixaceae
•Annato, Lipstick tree
Bixa orellana L.
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63. Family Bombacaceae
• Silk-cotton tree
Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn
• Durian
Durio zibethinus Murr.
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64. Family Bromeliaceae
•Pineapple
Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.
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65. Family Burseraceae
•Pili nut
Canarium ovatum Engl.
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66. Family Caricaceae
•Papaya
Carica papaya L.
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67. Family Clusiaceae
•Mangosteen
Garcinia mangostana L.
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68. Family Ebenaceae
•Mabolo
Diospyros discolor Willd.
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69. Family Euphorbiaceae
•Rubber
Hevea brasiliensis (Wild. Ex A. Juss.)
•Castor bean
Ricinus communis L.
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70. Family Lamiaceae
•Japanese mint
Mentha arvensis L.
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71. Family Lauraceae
•Cinnamon
Canella verum J.S. Presl.
•Avocado
Persea americana Mill.
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72. Family Leguminosae
•Camachile
Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth
•Tamarind
Tamarindus indica L.
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73. Family Lythraceae
•Banaba
Lagerstroemia speciosa Pers.
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74. Family Meliaceae
•Lanzones
Lansium domesticum Corr.
•Santol
Sandoricum koetjape (Burm.f.) Merr.
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75. Family Moraceae
• Breadfruit
Artocarpus altilis (Parkins.) Fosb.
• Kamansi / seeded breadfruit
Artocarpus camansi Blco
• Jackfruit
Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.
• Marang
Artocarpus odoratissimus Blco.
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76. Family Musaceae
•Abaca
Musa textilis Nee
•Banana
- Musa balbisiana Colla (BB: Butuhan)
- Musa acuminata Colla; M. cavendisshii
(AA: Lacatan, Seňorita; AAA: Cavendish,
Grand Nain, Gros Michel)
- Musa paradisiaca L. (ABB: Saba, Cardava)
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78. Family Myrtaceae
• Guava
Psidium guajava L.
• Java plum
Syzgium cumini (L.) Skeels
• Wax apple, Macopa
Syzygium samarangense
(Blume) Merrill & Perry
• Watery Rose Apple, Tambis
Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.) Alston
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79. Family Orchidaceae
• Vanilla
Vanilla planifolia Andr.
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80. Family Oxalidaceae
•Camias
Averrhoa balimbi L.
•Starfruit
Averrhoa carambola L.
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81. Family Passifloraceae
•Passion fruit
Passiflora edulis Sims.
•Granadilla
Passiflora quadrangularis L.
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82. Piperaceae
•Black pepper
Piper nigrum L.
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84. Punicaceae
•Pomegranate, granada
Punica granatum L.
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85. Family Rosaceae
•Apple
Malus pumila, M. communis, etc.
•Pears
Pyrus communis
•Almonds
Prunus dulcis
•Strawberry
Fragaria vesca L. subsp. vesca
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86. Family Rubiaceae
•Coffee
Coffea robusta
Coffea arabica
Coffea excelsa
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87. Family Rutaceae
•Calamansi, calamondin
Citrofortunella mitis (Blanco.) J. Ingram &
H.E. Moore
•True Lime
Citrus aurontifolia (Christm. & Panzer) Swingle
•Tahiti Lime
Citrus latifolia (Lour.)
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88. Family Rutaceae
• Lemon
Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f.
• Pummelo
Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr,
• Kulubut, kabuyau
Citrus hystrix DC.
• Mandarin
Citrus reticulata Blanco
• Sweet orange
Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck
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89. Family Sapindaceae
• Rambutan
Nephelium lappaceum L.
• Lychee
Litchi chinensis Sonn.
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90. Family Sapotaceae
• Starapple, caimito
Chrysophyllum cainito L.
• Chico, sapota
Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Van Royen
• Canistel, tiesa
Pouteria campechiana (kunth) Baehni
• Miracle fruit
Synsepalum dulcificum
(Schumach. & Thonn.) Daniell
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91. Family Sterculiaceae
• Cacao
Theobroma cacao L. Subsp. cacao
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92. Family Theaceae
•Tea
Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze var. sinensis L.
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93. Family Verbenaceae
• Five-leaved chaste, lagundi
Vitex negundo L.
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94. Family Vitaceae
•Grape
Vitis vinifera L.
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95. Family Zingiberaceae
•Turmeric
Curcuma longa L.
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