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Almost half of the children in the U.S. are
deprived of the lifelong benefits of two par-
ents who share the parenting throughout the
first 18 years of their children’s lives. Who
are children living with?
42
55% mother & father - 4% unmarried
21% single mother - half divorced &
half never married
14% mom & stepdad
5% neither parent
2% mom & her boyfriend
2% single dad
1% dad & stepmom
.5% dad & his girlfriend
Only 15%- 20% of parents share parenting
after divorce.
6,9,15
Existing legal pro-
cedures & attitudes of people who influence
the decisions about children’s living arrange-
ments often make shared parenting harder to
achieve.25, 26,33,43-47
Research brochure by Dr. Nielsen ©
American Coalition for Fathers & Children
ACFC.ORG
Michael McCormick, Exec. Dir.
1-800-978-3237
mmccormick@acfc.org
SHARED
PARENTING©
FACTS AND
FICTION
Research Brochure by
DR. LINDA NIELSEN
Professor of Women’s Studies
Wake Forest University
ACFC President 2008
www.wfu.edu/~nielsen
Nielsen@wfu.ed
American Coalition for Fathers & Children
ACFC. ORG
Michael McCormick, Exec. Dir.
1-800-978-3237
mmccormick@acfc.org
FICTION
Most children are satisfied with the amount
of time they spend (or spent) with their fa-
thers after their parents divorce.
As long as the mother has enough money,
children don’t pay a price for having too lit-
tle or no contact with their father.
Most divorced or never married parents are
too hostile to share parenting or to benefit
from programs on co-parenting.
Shared parenting is bad for infants or young
children because they should not be sepa-
rated overnight from their mother.
When parents share parenting, children are
worse off financially because their dad pays
much less child support.
Shared parenting is less important than good
mothering because fathers know so much
less about raising kids than moms do.
Most divorced fathers are not interested in
sharing more of the parenting.
Children dislike shared parenting if they ac-
tually have to live part time in both parents’
homes, moving back & forth.
FACT
The vast majority of children say they want –
or wanted - more time with their fathers after
their parents stopped living together. Kids
want more shared parenting.
1-16
Kids with too little fathering are more likely
to have problems throughout their lives re-
lated to father absence than kids whose fa-
thers remained actively involved after the
parents stop living together. 1-17
Parents generally cooperate more after at-
tending shared parenting programs. Only 10-
15% are in high conflict.
18-22
Very young children should not be away
from either parent for more than a few days
& are able to spend nights in each parent’s
home.
23-26
Fathers who share parenting are the most
likely to pay child support, spend additional
money on their kids, & contribute to college
educations.
27, 28, 33, 9
Fathers contribute as much as mothers to
children’s well-being, even if their ways of
parenting are different.
12, 17, 29-31
The overwhelming majority of divorced fa-
thers want more time with their children &
more shared parenting.
32- 39
Kids who live part time with each parent af-
ter divorce prefer this to living only with one
parent.2, 10, 40, 41
1
Ahrons, C. We’re Still Family: What
grownup children say about divorce, 2004.
2
Fabricus W. Listening to children of di-
vorce. Family Relations, 2003.
3
Emery, R. The truth about children & di-
vorce. 2004.
4
Finley & Schwartz Father involvement &
young adult outcomes. Family Court Re-
view, 2007
5
Harvey & Fine Children of Divorce: Sto-
ries of Loss and Growth. 2004.
6
Kelly, J. Children's living arrangements
following divorce. Family Process, 2006.
7
Marquard. Between two worlds: Children
of divorce. 2005.
8
Sobolewski. Nonresident Fathers' Ties to
Children. Marriage & Family, 2005.
9
Wallerstein & Blakeslee What about the
kids? 2004.
10
Warshak, R. Listening to children. Family
Relations 2003.
11
Scott, Booth & King Post divorce father-
adolescent closeness. Journal of Marriage
and Family, 2007.
12
Nielsen, L. Fathers & daughters In
Teaching about Families, 2005.
13
Nielsen, L. The Father Daughter Puzzle:
Research & Advice for Fathers & Adult
Daughters, Fall, 2008.
14
Smith, A. Children’s involvement in deci-
sion making. Family Law, 2003.
15
Hetherington, M. & Kelly, J. For better
or worse: Divorce reconsidered. 2002
16
Bauserman, R. Child adjustment in joint
vs. sole custody. Family Psychology, 2002.
17
Lamb, M. The Fathers Role in Child De-
velopment, 2004
18
Blaisure & Geasler Educational interven-
tions for divorcing parents In Fine & Har-
vey’s Handbook of Divorce, 2006.
19
Braver. Prevention programs for divorced
fathers. Family Court Review,2008
20
Pruett et al. Collaborative divorce project.
Family Court Review, 2005.
21
Brandon, D. Can four hours make a dif-
ference? Divorce & Remarriage, 2006
22
Stone, G. Education programs for div-
orced parents.Divorce & Remarriage, 2006
23
Assoc. of Family & Conciliation Courts,
Planning for shared parenting, 2006.
24
Kelly & Ward. Social science research
and ALI’s approximation rule. Family Court
Review, 2002
25
Pruett, M. Parenting plans for young chil-
dren. Family Court Review, 2004.
26
Warshak, R. Overnight contact between
parents & young children. Family Court Re-
view, 2000.
27
Fabricus & Braver. Divorced parents fi-
nancial support of college expenses, Family
Court Review, 2003
28
Custodial mothers, fathers & child sup-
port: 2005. Population Characteristics.
Department of Commerce. Census Bureau
29
Flouri, E. Fathering & Child Outcomes
2005
30
Farrell,W. Father- Child Reunion, 2004
31
Tarnis & Cabrera. Handbook of Father
Involvement, 2002
32
Nielsen, L. Demeaning, demoralizing &
disenfranchising divorced dads. Journal of
Divorce & Remarriage, 1999.
33
Braver, S. Divorced Dads: Shattering the
Myths, 1998
34
Bokker, Farley & Denny. Well being
among recently divorced fathers. Journal of
Divorce & Remarriage, 2005
35
Fagan & Hawkins. Educational Interven-
tions with Fathers, 2003.
36
Hallman & Deinhart. Fathers’ experiences
after divorce. Fathering, 2007.
37
Stone, G. Divorced fathers well being.
Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 2007.
38
Frieman, R. Understanding noncustodial
parents. Divorce & Remarriage, 2007.
39
Warshak, R. Divorce Poison, 2002.
40
Buchanan & Maccoby. Adolescents after
divorce. 1996.
41
Laumann & Emery. Adults from di-
vorced families Family Psychology, 2000.
42
Children’s Living Arrangements:2003.
Census Bureau.
43
Kelly,J. Ethical problems with custody.
Family Court Review, 2005.
44
Stamps, L. Judges maternal preferences in
custody Family Court Review, 2002
45
Williams, G. Judicial response to cus-
tody. Law & Society Conference, 2007
46
Kruk, E. Shared parental responsibility
law reform. Divorce & Remarriage, 2005.
47
Dotterweich & McKinney Gender bias in
custody cases Family Court Review,2000.

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SHARED PARENTING FACTS AND FICTION

  • 1. Almost half of the children in the U.S. are deprived of the lifelong benefits of two par- ents who share the parenting throughout the first 18 years of their children’s lives. Who are children living with? 42 55% mother & father - 4% unmarried 21% single mother - half divorced & half never married 14% mom & stepdad 5% neither parent 2% mom & her boyfriend 2% single dad 1% dad & stepmom .5% dad & his girlfriend Only 15%- 20% of parents share parenting after divorce. 6,9,15 Existing legal pro- cedures & attitudes of people who influence the decisions about children’s living arrange- ments often make shared parenting harder to achieve.25, 26,33,43-47 Research brochure by Dr. Nielsen © American Coalition for Fathers & Children ACFC.ORG Michael McCormick, Exec. Dir. 1-800-978-3237 mmccormick@acfc.org SHARED PARENTING© FACTS AND FICTION Research Brochure by DR. LINDA NIELSEN Professor of Women’s Studies Wake Forest University ACFC President 2008 www.wfu.edu/~nielsen Nielsen@wfu.ed American Coalition for Fathers & Children ACFC. ORG Michael McCormick, Exec. Dir. 1-800-978-3237 mmccormick@acfc.org FICTION Most children are satisfied with the amount of time they spend (or spent) with their fa- thers after their parents divorce. As long as the mother has enough money, children don’t pay a price for having too lit- tle or no contact with their father. Most divorced or never married parents are too hostile to share parenting or to benefit from programs on co-parenting. Shared parenting is bad for infants or young children because they should not be sepa- rated overnight from their mother. When parents share parenting, children are worse off financially because their dad pays much less child support. Shared parenting is less important than good mothering because fathers know so much less about raising kids than moms do. Most divorced fathers are not interested in sharing more of the parenting. Children dislike shared parenting if they ac- tually have to live part time in both parents’ homes, moving back & forth. FACT The vast majority of children say they want – or wanted - more time with their fathers after their parents stopped living together. Kids want more shared parenting. 1-16 Kids with too little fathering are more likely to have problems throughout their lives re- lated to father absence than kids whose fa- thers remained actively involved after the parents stop living together. 1-17 Parents generally cooperate more after at- tending shared parenting programs. Only 10- 15% are in high conflict. 18-22 Very young children should not be away from either parent for more than a few days & are able to spend nights in each parent’s home. 23-26 Fathers who share parenting are the most likely to pay child support, spend additional money on their kids, & contribute to college educations. 27, 28, 33, 9 Fathers contribute as much as mothers to children’s well-being, even if their ways of parenting are different. 12, 17, 29-31 The overwhelming majority of divorced fa- thers want more time with their children & more shared parenting. 32- 39 Kids who live part time with each parent af- ter divorce prefer this to living only with one parent.2, 10, 40, 41
  • 2. 1 Ahrons, C. We’re Still Family: What grownup children say about divorce, 2004. 2 Fabricus W. Listening to children of di- vorce. Family Relations, 2003. 3 Emery, R. The truth about children & di- vorce. 2004. 4 Finley & Schwartz Father involvement & young adult outcomes. Family Court Re- view, 2007 5 Harvey & Fine Children of Divorce: Sto- ries of Loss and Growth. 2004. 6 Kelly, J. Children's living arrangements following divorce. Family Process, 2006. 7 Marquard. Between two worlds: Children of divorce. 2005. 8 Sobolewski. Nonresident Fathers' Ties to Children. Marriage & Family, 2005. 9 Wallerstein & Blakeslee What about the kids? 2004. 10 Warshak, R. Listening to children. Family Relations 2003. 11 Scott, Booth & King Post divorce father- adolescent closeness. Journal of Marriage and Family, 2007. 12 Nielsen, L. Fathers & daughters In Teaching about Families, 2005. 13 Nielsen, L. The Father Daughter Puzzle: Research & Advice for Fathers & Adult Daughters, Fall, 2008. 14 Smith, A. Children’s involvement in deci- sion making. Family Law, 2003. 15 Hetherington, M. & Kelly, J. For better or worse: Divorce reconsidered. 2002 16 Bauserman, R. Child adjustment in joint vs. sole custody. Family Psychology, 2002. 17 Lamb, M. The Fathers Role in Child De- velopment, 2004 18 Blaisure & Geasler Educational interven- tions for divorcing parents In Fine & Har- vey’s Handbook of Divorce, 2006. 19 Braver. Prevention programs for divorced fathers. Family Court Review,2008 20 Pruett et al. Collaborative divorce project. Family Court Review, 2005. 21 Brandon, D. Can four hours make a dif- ference? Divorce & Remarriage, 2006 22 Stone, G. Education programs for div- orced parents.Divorce & Remarriage, 2006 23 Assoc. of Family & Conciliation Courts, Planning for shared parenting, 2006. 24 Kelly & Ward. Social science research and ALI’s approximation rule. Family Court Review, 2002 25 Pruett, M. Parenting plans for young chil- dren. Family Court Review, 2004. 26 Warshak, R. Overnight contact between parents & young children. Family Court Re- view, 2000. 27 Fabricus & Braver. Divorced parents fi- nancial support of college expenses, Family Court Review, 2003 28 Custodial mothers, fathers & child sup- port: 2005. Population Characteristics. Department of Commerce. Census Bureau 29 Flouri, E. Fathering & Child Outcomes 2005 30 Farrell,W. Father- Child Reunion, 2004 31 Tarnis & Cabrera. Handbook of Father Involvement, 2002 32 Nielsen, L. Demeaning, demoralizing & disenfranchising divorced dads. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 1999. 33 Braver, S. Divorced Dads: Shattering the Myths, 1998 34 Bokker, Farley & Denny. Well being among recently divorced fathers. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 2005 35 Fagan & Hawkins. Educational Interven- tions with Fathers, 2003. 36 Hallman & Deinhart. Fathers’ experiences after divorce. Fathering, 2007. 37 Stone, G. Divorced fathers well being. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 2007. 38 Frieman, R. Understanding noncustodial parents. Divorce & Remarriage, 2007. 39 Warshak, R. Divorce Poison, 2002. 40 Buchanan & Maccoby. Adolescents after divorce. 1996. 41 Laumann & Emery. Adults from di- vorced families Family Psychology, 2000. 42 Children’s Living Arrangements:2003. Census Bureau. 43 Kelly,J. Ethical problems with custody. Family Court Review, 2005. 44 Stamps, L. Judges maternal preferences in custody Family Court Review, 2002 45 Williams, G. Judicial response to cus- tody. Law & Society Conference, 2007 46 Kruk, E. Shared parental responsibility law reform. Divorce & Remarriage, 2005. 47 Dotterweich & McKinney Gender bias in custody cases Family Court Review,2000.