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SINGLE PARENTHOOD
Elena Portch 12DN
INCREASE IN SINGLE PARENTHOOD
ALLAN AND CROW (2001)
Increase in single parent hood is due to two factors:
 Increase in marital breakdown
 Rise in births to unmarried mothers


DAVID MORGAN (1994)


Could partly be due to changing relationships
between men and women
INCREASE STATISTICS:
1961 – 2% of the population lived in single parent
families
 2005 – 12% of the population lived in single parent
families
 Between 1972 and 2002 the % of children living in
single parent families increased from 7% to 23%

CAUSES OF SINGLE PARENTHOOD
DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS
People who are married can become single parents
through:
 Divorce, separation or death of a spouse
 People who have never been married can become
single parents because:
 May have been living with other parent when the
child was born or if they did not live with the parent
when the child was born

CHANGING ATTITUDES
Increase in single mothers due to a decrease in
shotgun weddings
 Shotgun marriages were often seen as unstable
and led to lone motherhood


RAPOPORTS (1982)
Claimed that single parent families were
increasingly accepted as one aspect of family
diversity
 Was an ‘emerging form’ of the family

LONE PARENTS, BENEFITS AND THE
UNDER CLASS
WELFARE PAYMENTS
Some believe that single parenthood has increased
due to generosity of welfare payments
 New Labour politicians think that this has not led to
an increase in Britain
 New Labour encourage lone parents to seek
employment and not rely upon benefits
 Evidence that a large majority of lone parents do
not wish to be reliant on state benefits

CONSEQUENCES OF SINGLE
PARENTHOOD
MARY MCINTOSH (1996)
Media in the UK has been reflecting a concern
about lone mothers that amounts to a moral panic
 Lone mothers have been blamed for problems such
as:
 Youth crime
 High taxation to pay
 Encouraging a culture of dependency on the state
 Producing children who grow up to be unemployed

LIVING STANDARDS
Tends to be associated with low living standards as
single parents have a lower gross household
income per week
 May also receive child maintenance payments from
the non-resident parent with help of the Child
Support Agency (CSA)


ALLAN AND CROW (2001)
Believe that the CSA provides little help to lone
parents
 By late 1990’s only 30% of non-resident parents
contributed anything towards child maintenance
payments

SARAH ARBER (2000)


Found that children of lone parents did overall
suffer more ill health than other children

E.E CASHMORE (1985)


Questioned whether it was better for a child to live
with one caring parent instead of a caring and
uncaring

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Single parenthood

  • 2. INCREASE IN SINGLE PARENTHOOD
  • 3. ALLAN AND CROW (2001) Increase in single parent hood is due to two factors:  Increase in marital breakdown  Rise in births to unmarried mothers  DAVID MORGAN (1994)  Could partly be due to changing relationships between men and women
  • 4. INCREASE STATISTICS: 1961 – 2% of the population lived in single parent families  2005 – 12% of the population lived in single parent families  Between 1972 and 2002 the % of children living in single parent families increased from 7% to 23% 
  • 5. CAUSES OF SINGLE PARENTHOOD
  • 6. DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS People who are married can become single parents through:  Divorce, separation or death of a spouse  People who have never been married can become single parents because:  May have been living with other parent when the child was born or if they did not live with the parent when the child was born 
  • 7. CHANGING ATTITUDES Increase in single mothers due to a decrease in shotgun weddings  Shotgun marriages were often seen as unstable and led to lone motherhood  RAPOPORTS (1982) Claimed that single parent families were increasingly accepted as one aspect of family diversity  Was an ‘emerging form’ of the family 
  • 8. LONE PARENTS, BENEFITS AND THE UNDER CLASS
  • 9. WELFARE PAYMENTS Some believe that single parenthood has increased due to generosity of welfare payments  New Labour politicians think that this has not led to an increase in Britain  New Labour encourage lone parents to seek employment and not rely upon benefits  Evidence that a large majority of lone parents do not wish to be reliant on state benefits 
  • 11. MARY MCINTOSH (1996) Media in the UK has been reflecting a concern about lone mothers that amounts to a moral panic  Lone mothers have been blamed for problems such as:  Youth crime  High taxation to pay  Encouraging a culture of dependency on the state  Producing children who grow up to be unemployed 
  • 12. LIVING STANDARDS Tends to be associated with low living standards as single parents have a lower gross household income per week  May also receive child maintenance payments from the non-resident parent with help of the Child Support Agency (CSA)  ALLAN AND CROW (2001) Believe that the CSA provides little help to lone parents  By late 1990’s only 30% of non-resident parents contributed anything towards child maintenance payments 
  • 13. SARAH ARBER (2000)  Found that children of lone parents did overall suffer more ill health than other children E.E CASHMORE (1985)  Questioned whether it was better for a child to live with one caring parent instead of a caring and uncaring