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Sexually transmitted diseases
Dr. Ashish Jawarkar discusses the significant health risks of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), particularly their potential complications like infertility and cervical cancer, alongside their asymptomatic nature. Key STIs covered include syphilis, gonorrhoea, and chlamydia, with emphasis on their pathogenicity, diagnosis, and treatment methods. Early screening and joint treatment of partners are crucial for effective management and prevention of further transmission.
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Sexually transmitted diseases
- 1.
- 2. Importance Most STDsare asymptomatic They may present as genital ulcers or inflammation Problem is complications May lead to infertility, pelvic diseases, cervical cancer and may help spread HIV Early screening and diagnosis may stop complications
- 3. Major STDs Syphilis Gonorrhoea Chlamydial infection AIDS
- 4. Neisseria Gonorrhoea Morphology Growth characteristics Biochemical reactions Resistance Pathogenicity and virulence Epidemiology Diseases caused Laboratory diagnosis Treatment
- 5. Morphology Diplo-cocci Adjacentsides concave Kidney shaped Gram negative Found within neutrophils
- 8. Morphology Growthcharacteristics Biochemical reactions Resistance Pathogenicity and virulence Epidemiology Diseases caused Laboratory diagnosis Treatment
- 9. Growth characteristics Difficultto grow Media used Mueller – Hinton Agar Thayer martin medium (with VCN) Vancomycin Colistin Nystatin
- 11. Morphology Growthcharacteristics Biochemical reactions Resistance Pathogenicity and virulence Epidemiology Diseases caused Laboratory diagnosis Treatment
- 12. Resistance Very delicateorganism Dies outside the body in 1-2 hrs
- 13. Morphology Growthcharacteristics Biochemical reactions Resistance Pathogenicity and virulence Epidemiology Diseases caused Laboratory diagnosis Treatment
- 14. Pathogenicity and virulence Pili on surface Help in attachment to mucosal surfaces Prevent phagocytosis
- 16. Morphology Growthcharacteristics Biochemical reactions Resistance Pathogenicity and virulence Epidemiology Diseases caused Laboratory diagnosis Treatment
- 17. Epidemiology Exclusively humandisease Source – carrier partner Mode of spread – sexual contact Except in ophthalmia neonaturum
- 18. Morphology Growthcharacteristics Biochemical reactions Resistance Pathogenicity and virulence Epidemiology Diseases caused Laboratory diagnosis Treatment
- 19. Gonorrhoea Men Urethritis Prostatitis Epididymitis Stricture formation Watercan perineum Proctitis Women Urethritis Cervicitis Vaginitis PID Salpingitis Carriers in cervix Proctitis
- 22. Complications If bloodinvasion occurs Arthritis Meningitis Ulcerative endocarditis
- 23. Neonates Ophtalmia neonaturum Controlled by instilling 1% silver nitrate solution
- 27. Morphology Growthcharacteristics Biochemical reactions Resistance Pathogenicity and virulence Epidemiology Diseases caused Laboratory diagnosis Treatment
- 28. Lab diagnosis Sample– urethral discharge, cervical swab Transport media – Stuart’s media Gram stain Culture – Thayer Martin medium
- 29. Morphology Growthcharacteristics Biochemical reactions Resistance Pathogenicity and virulence Epidemiology Diseases caused Laboratory diagnosis Treatment
- 30. Treatment Both partnersshould be treated simultaneously Resistant to Penicillin Ceftriaxone Ciprofloxacin Doxycycline
- 32. NON GONOCOCCAL URETHRITIS H. Ducreyi ChlamydiaTrachomatis Mycoplasma Hominis
- 33. H. Ducreyi Causessoft chancre Gram negative cocco bacillus School of fish appearance
- 35. Chlamydia Trachomatis Intracellularpathogens Survive inside squamous epithelial cells and macrophages of respiratory and gastrointestinal / urogenital tract
- 37. Diseases caused Genitalchlamydiasis Lymphogranuloma venerum (LGV) Trachoma – leading cause of preventable blindness
- 38. Genital chlamydiasis Nonspecific urethritis
- 39. LGV Ulcer onexternal genitalia Lymphatic spread Involves inguinal lymphnodes
- 41.
- 42. Lab diagnosis Sample– urethral scrapings, from bubo (inguinal lymphnode), eye discharge Spread on slide, stain with Lugol’s iodine/giemsa/immunofluorosence Cultured in yolk sac of embryonated eggs or in McCoy cell culture Serological tests – demonstration of antigen/antibodies
- 45. Treatment Both partnersshould be treated simultaneously