This is a series of lectures on microbiology useful for undergraduate medical and paramedical students

1. SEXUALLY
TRANSMITTED
INFECTIONS
Dr. Ashish Jawarkar

2. Importance
 Most STDs are asymptomatic
 They may present as genital ulcers or
inflammation
 Problem is complications
 May lead to infertility, pelvic diseases,
cervical cancer and may help spread HIV
 Early screening and diagnosis may stop
complications

3. Major STDs
 Syphilis
 Gonorrhoea
 Chlamydial infection
 AIDS

4. Neisseria Gonorrhoea
 Morphology
 Growth characteristics
 Biochemical reactions
 Resistance
 Pathogenicity and virulence
 Epidemiology
 Diseases caused
 Laboratory diagnosis
 Treatment

5. Morphology
 Diplo-cocci
 Adjacent sides concave
 Kidney shaped
 Gram negative
 Found within neutrophils

8.  Morphology
 Growth characteristics
 Biochemical reactions
 Resistance
 Pathogenicity and virulence
 Epidemiology
 Diseases caused
 Laboratory diagnosis
 Treatment

9. Growth characteristics
 Difficult to grow
 Media used
 Mueller – Hinton Agar
 Thayer martin medium (with VCN)
 Vancomycin
 Colistin
 Nystatin

11.  Morphology
 Growth characteristics
 Biochemical reactions
 Resistance
 Pathogenicity and virulence
 Epidemiology
 Diseases caused
 Laboratory diagnosis
 Treatment

12. Resistance
 Very delicate organism
 Dies outside the body in 1-2 hrs

13.  Morphology
 Growth characteristics
 Biochemical reactions
 Resistance
 Pathogenicity and virulence
 Epidemiology
 Diseases caused
 Laboratory diagnosis
 Treatment

14. Pathogenicity and virulence
 Pili on surface
 Help in attachment to mucosal surfaces
 Prevent phagocytosis

16.  Morphology
 Growth characteristics
 Biochemical reactions
 Resistance
 Pathogenicity and virulence
 Epidemiology
 Diseases caused
 Laboratory diagnosis
 Treatment

17. Epidemiology
 Exclusively human disease
 Source – carrier partner
 Mode of spread – sexual contact
 Except in ophthalmia neonaturum

18.  Morphology
 Growth characteristics
 Biochemical reactions
 Resistance
 Pathogenicity and virulence
 Epidemiology
 Diseases caused
 Laboratory diagnosis
 Treatment

19. Gonorrhoea
 Men
 Urethritis
 Prostatitis
 Epididymitis
 Stricture formation
 Watercan perineum
 Proctitis
 Women
 Urethritis
 Cervicitis
 Vaginitis
 PID
 Salpingitis
 Carriers in cervix
 Proctitis

22. Complications
 If blood invasion occurs
 Arthritis
 Meningitis
 Ulcerative endocarditis

23. Neonates
 Ophtalmia neonaturum
 Controlled by instilling 1% silver nitrate
solution

27.  Morphology
 Growth characteristics
 Biochemical reactions
 Resistance
 Pathogenicity and virulence
 Epidemiology
 Diseases caused
 Laboratory diagnosis
 Treatment

28. Lab diagnosis
 Sample – urethral discharge, cervical swab
 Transport media – Stuart’s media
 Gram stain
 Culture – Thayer Martin medium

29.  Morphology
 Growth characteristics
 Biochemical reactions
 Resistance
 Pathogenicity and virulence
 Epidemiology
 Diseases caused
 Laboratory diagnosis
 Treatment

30. Treatment
 Both partners should be treated
simultaneously
 Resistant to Penicillin
 Ceftriaxone
 Ciprofloxacin
 Doxycycline

32. NON GONOCOCCAL
URETHRITIS
H. Ducreyi
Chlamydia Trachomatis
Mycoplasma Hominis

33. H. Ducreyi
 Causes soft chancre
 Gram negative cocco bacillus
 School of fish appearance

35. Chlamydia Trachomatis
 Intracellular pathogens
 Survive inside squamous epithelial cells
and macrophages of respiratory and
gastrointestinal / urogenital tract

37. Diseases caused
 Genital chlamydiasis
 Lymphogranuloma venerum (LGV)
 Trachoma – leading cause of preventable
blindness

38. Genital chlamydiasis
 Non specific urethritis

39. LGV
 Ulcer on external genitalia
 Lymphatic spread
 Involves inguinal lymphnodes

41. Trachoma

42. Lab diagnosis
 Sample – urethral scrapings, from bubo
(inguinal lymphnode), eye discharge
 Spread on slide, stain with Lugol’s
iodine/giemsa/immunofluorosence
 Cultured in yolk sac of embryonated eggs
or in McCoy cell culture
 Serological tests – demonstration of
antigen/antibodies

45. Treatment
 Both partners should be treated
simultaneously