This document discusses gender dysphoria and related topics. It begins by defining key terms like sex, gender, gender identity, gender expression, and gender dysphoria. It then discusses the epidemiology of gender dysphoria, noting prevalence rates. Salient features of gender dysphoria in children, adolescents, and adults are outlined based on DSM-5 criteria. The development and course of gender dysphoria over the lifespan is described. Functional consequences, common comorbidities, and differential diagnoses are also summarized.
Gender dysphoria involves a person experiencing distress due to a mismatch between their gender identity and sex assigned at birth. It was previously referred to as gender identity disorder but now focuses on dysphoria. Treatment may involve psychotherapy, hormone therapy, and sometimes sexual reassignment surgery. The causes are unclear but may involve genetic or hormonal factors influencing brain development before birth.
This document discusses sex and gender from a cross-cultural anthropological perspective. It explores how gender roles vary across cultures and how biology interacts with cultural constructions of gender. Key topics covered include the cultural construction of gender, multiple gender identities in some native cultures, the gendered division of labor, and factors that influence gender stratification like gender ideologies. Examples from cultures such as the US, Mbuti, and Minangkabau are provided.
Persistent and intense distress about assigned gender or insistence that individual belongs to a different gender
Marked incongruence between one's experienced/expressed gender and primary and/or secondary sex characteristics
This document discusses gender identity and sexual orientation. It defines key terms like sex, gender, transgender, transsexual, and sexual orientations. It notes that gender identity can differ from biological sex and may change over time. Transgender people's gender identities and presentations do not fit traditional norms. Transsexual people live as the opposite gender and may undergo medical procedures. Coming out is challenging but liberating. Homophobia, heterosexism, and transphobia promote discrimination against LGBTQ people. The document raises questions about defining gender and reducing discrimination.
Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity And Adolescent Health 10.6.07Knoll Larkin
This document provides an overview of key terms and definitions related to sexual orientation and gender identity, with a focus on the experiences and health issues faced by LGBT youth. It discusses concepts like coming out, preferred language, challenges LGBT youth face in schools, homes, and healthcare settings, and health concerns including substance abuse, violence, HIV risk, and mental health issues. The document concludes with standards of care recommendations and resources for creating inclusive environments and supporting LGBT youth.
The document discusses gender dysphoria and related concepts. It provides information on the prevalence of gender dysphoria, biological and psychosocial theories of causation, and diagnostic criteria according to the DSM-5 which includes a strong and persistent cross-gender identification and discomfort with one's sexual characteristics. The document also outlines various treatment approaches and covers related conditions such as transsexualism, dual-role transvestism, and gender identity disorder of childhood.
Sexual orientation involves a person's emotional, romantic, and sexual attraction to individuals of a particular gender. It is divided into three main categories: heterosexual orientation referring to attraction to the opposite sex; homosexual orientation referring to attraction to the same sex, including gay (male-male attraction) and lesbian (female-female attraction); and bisexual orientation referring to attraction to both males and females. While the exact causes are unclear, most research indicates that sexual orientation is not a choice and that both biological/genetic factors and social environment play complex roles in determining a person's orientation. Issues related to sexual orientation include homophobia, discrimination against LGBT individuals, and the recognition of same-sex families and relationships.
A talk for a group of psychiatric residents to introduce them to concepts and principles of sex therapy and the training involved in becoming a sex therapist.
Gender dysphoria involves a person experiencing distress due to a mismatch between their gender identity and sex assigned at birth. It was previously referred to as gender identity disorder but now focuses on dysphoria. Treatment may involve psychotherapy, hormone therapy, and sometimes sexual reassignment surgery. The causes are unclear but may involve genetic or hormonal factors influencing brain development before birth.
This document discusses sex and gender from a cross-cultural anthropological perspective. It explores how gender roles vary across cultures and how biology interacts with cultural constructions of gender. Key topics covered include the cultural construction of gender, multiple gender identities in some native cultures, the gendered division of labor, and factors that influence gender stratification like gender ideologies. Examples from cultures such as the US, Mbuti, and Minangkabau are provided.
Persistent and intense distress about assigned gender or insistence that individual belongs to a different gender
Marked incongruence between one's experienced/expressed gender and primary and/or secondary sex characteristics
This document discusses gender identity and sexual orientation. It defines key terms like sex, gender, transgender, transsexual, and sexual orientations. It notes that gender identity can differ from biological sex and may change over time. Transgender people's gender identities and presentations do not fit traditional norms. Transsexual people live as the opposite gender and may undergo medical procedures. Coming out is challenging but liberating. Homophobia, heterosexism, and transphobia promote discrimination against LGBTQ people. The document raises questions about defining gender and reducing discrimination.
Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity And Adolescent Health 10.6.07Knoll Larkin
This document provides an overview of key terms and definitions related to sexual orientation and gender identity, with a focus on the experiences and health issues faced by LGBT youth. It discusses concepts like coming out, preferred language, challenges LGBT youth face in schools, homes, and healthcare settings, and health concerns including substance abuse, violence, HIV risk, and mental health issues. The document concludes with standards of care recommendations and resources for creating inclusive environments and supporting LGBT youth.
The document discusses gender dysphoria and related concepts. It provides information on the prevalence of gender dysphoria, biological and psychosocial theories of causation, and diagnostic criteria according to the DSM-5 which includes a strong and persistent cross-gender identification and discomfort with one's sexual characteristics. The document also outlines various treatment approaches and covers related conditions such as transsexualism, dual-role transvestism, and gender identity disorder of childhood.
Sexual orientation involves a person's emotional, romantic, and sexual attraction to individuals of a particular gender. It is divided into three main categories: heterosexual orientation referring to attraction to the opposite sex; homosexual orientation referring to attraction to the same sex, including gay (male-male attraction) and lesbian (female-female attraction); and bisexual orientation referring to attraction to both males and females. While the exact causes are unclear, most research indicates that sexual orientation is not a choice and that both biological/genetic factors and social environment play complex roles in determining a person's orientation. Issues related to sexual orientation include homophobia, discrimination against LGBT individuals, and the recognition of same-sex families and relationships.
A talk for a group of psychiatric residents to introduce them to concepts and principles of sex therapy and the training involved in becoming a sex therapist.
Gender identity and sexual orientation chapter 9tmbouvier
This document discusses gender identity and sexual orientation. It defines key terms like gender identity, sexual orientation, transgender, cisgender, and more. It explores how gender identity may differ from biological sex and can be shaped by both nature and nurture. It also addresses obstacles faced by transgender individuals like access to healthcare and discrimination. The document aims to increase understanding of diverse identities and lifestyles.
This document discusses gender identity disorders and provides information on their diagnosis and treatment. It defines gender identity as one's sense of being male or female, and gender dysphoria as discomfort with one's birth sex. The diagnostic criteria include a strong cross-gender identification and discomfort with one's gender role. Treatment for children focuses on social skills, for adolescents on slowing puberty, and for adults on hormonal therapy and potential sex reassignment surgery.
The document summarizes research on sexual addictions and their treatment. It defines various types of sexual addictions, including non-threatening addictions like masturbation and pornography, and threatening addictions involving physical contact without consent. Current effective treatment options discussed include cognitive behavioral therapy, affective neuroscience, EMDR, medication, brief multimodal experiential group therapy, and motivational interviewing. The document recommends future research through comparative studies measuring the effectiveness of these different treatment approaches.
This document discusses sexual dysfunctions categorized by phase of the sexual response cycle. It describes dysfunctions of sexual desire like hypoactive sexual desire disorder and sexual aversion disorder. Dysfunctions of sexual arousal include female sexual arousal disorder and male erectile dysfunction. Orgasmic dysfunctions include premature ejaculation, male orgasmic disorder, and female orgasmic disorder. Sexual pain disorders consist of vaginismus and dyspareunia. The sexual response cycle and various factors contributing to sexual dysfunctions are also outlined.
This document discusses a lecture on gender as a social construct given by Syed Yousaf Shah at the Institute of Nursing at Dow University of Health Sciences. The lecture defines the differences between sex and gender, provides examples of sex and gender characteristics, and discusses how gender roles and status differ across cultures and societies, with a focus on the role and status of women in Pakistani society.
human skills - men vs women, communicationvivek shah
Men and women communicate differently in several ways. Women tend to focus more on relationships, sharing feelings, and finding common experiences when communicating. They also use apologies and compliments to maintain connections and are more emotionally expressive. Men tend to focus more on facts, action, and exchanging information. They are more direct in arguments and conversations while women use questions. Nonverbally, women communicate more through touching, proximity, and facial expressions while men are more straightforward.
This document discusses masculinity and "lad culture" among young men. It begins by defining masculinity and exploring concepts like hegemonic masculinity. It then examines the history and characteristics of "lad culture", including its roots in Paul Willis' study of working class youth in the 1970s and its spread through lads' magazines and social media. The document also looks at expressions of lad culture in high school and university settings and debates both sides of whether lad culture should be curtailed or is a valid way for males to express themselves.
Sexual arousal disorders can cause great torment. Historically, theories of sexual disorders have shifted from psychoanalytic to behavioral to current biopsychosocial models. The human sexual response cycle is typically described as having four phases: desire, excitement, orgasm, and resolution. Neurologically, various brain regions and neurotransmitters like dopamine and nitric oxide are involved in sexual arousal and response.
Child and Adolescent Sexual and Gender Identity Development (UMass Lowell 2...Morganne Ray
This document discusses gender and sexual identity development from infancy through late adolescence. It begins with conversations between a social worker and a small child exploring gender identity. It then introduces the Genderbread model for understanding gender identity, gender expression, sex, and sexual orientation. The rest of the document outlines typical developmental milestones and behaviors regarding gender and sexuality at each life stage from infancy through late adolescence. Interactive exercises are included to help illustrate concepts.
This document discusses sexuality and disabilities, addressing common myths and challenges. It notes that approximately 12.4% of Canadians have a disability. Myths include beliefs that those with disabilities are not sexual or cannot have "real" sex. Children with disabilities often learn of their disability before seeing themselves as sexual. Studies suggest 36-52% of adolescents with physical disabilities in the US have had sexual intercourse. Resources for discussing these topics in the classroom are provided.
The document discusses various ways that societies distinguish members based on gender, age, wealth, religion, and location. It notes that traditional expectations place men in masculine roles as breadwinners and women in feminine roles focused on homekeeping. However, it also discusses how urban environments and increasing women's employment have challenged traditional gender roles. The document examines differences in how men and women are perceived and treated in society and the workplace.
The document summarizes evidence from research on the sexualization of young people. It finds that children and young people are increasingly exposed to sexualized content through various media channels. This exposure can negatively impact their mental and physical health, promote gender stereotypes, and increase the risk of violence in relationships. The document examines how sexualization is portrayed in magazines, advertising, television, movies, music, and social media. It recommends addressing this issue by creating environments where young people feel valued for their character rather than their physical appearance.
This document provides an introduction to concepts related to gender identity, gender expression, and biological sex. It defines these terms and discusses their differences. It also addresses the prevalence of intersex individuals, myths and misconceptions, and theoretical considerations for counselors. Gender identity refers to one's internal gender, gender expression is one's outward presentation, and biological sex refers to physical characteristics. These do not always align. The document aims to educate on this topic which is important for multicultural counseling.
This document discusses gender identity and its development. It defines sex as biological and refers to physical differences, while gender is psychological and relates to one's sense of masculinity or femininity. It explores several theories on how gender roles and identities form, including:
- Biological factors like evolutionary mating strategies
- Kohlberg's cognitive theory of gender constancy in childhood
- Social cognitive theory of learning gender roles through observation and reinforcement
- Gender schema theory of organizing information according to masculine/feminine concepts
- Psychoanalytic theories like Freud's identification theory of gender development through the Oedipus complex.
The document discusses several key physical and psychological differences between men and women. It notes that men and women process and perceive information differently due to differences in brain structure and wiring. Some of the main differences highlighted include: men having thicker retinas tuned to movement detection while women have thinner retinas tuned to color and texture; male infants showing a preference for moving objects while female infants prefer faces; and males tending to use physical aggression while females favor verbal aggression. The document argues these differences evolved to support traditional gender roles in survival and childrearing.
Sexual orientation is defined as an enduring pattern of attraction to persons of the opposite sex, same sex, or both sexes. It is generally categorized into heterosexuality, homosexuality, bisexuality, and asexuality. While homosexuality was previously considered a mental disorder, studies failed to support this view and it was removed from the DSM in 1973. Sexual orientation is now considered to have biological influences and to not be a choice. Discrimination against LGBTQ persons is widely considered unjust.
The document describes the male and female reproductive systems and their functions. It discusses the formation of reproductive organs during embryonic development and the role of hormones like testosterone. Puberty and changes in the reproductive system during this period are also outlined for both males and females. The summary discusses several key points:
1. The male reproductive organs (penis, scrotum, testes) are mostly external while the female organs (vulva, vagina, ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus) are internal.
2. During embryonic development, reproductive structures initially develop the same but later differentiate based on hormone exposure, leading to normal development or abnormalities.
3. Puberty involves reproductive organ growth and hormonal
Gender identity disorder is characterized as a mental disorder where people feel they were assigned the wrong sex at birth. They want to change their primary and secondary sex characteristics and find their genitals repugnant. The document then summarizes six psychological approaches - psychoanalytical, trait, biological, humanistic, behavioral/social learning, and cognitive - used to understand gender identity disorder and their advantages and disadvantages.
Gender Identity Disorder (GID), also known as transsexualism, involves a person feeling extremely uncomfortable with their assigned sex and wishing to be a member of the opposite sex. Various approaches have attempted to explain GID, including psychoanalytic, trait-based, biological, humanistic, behavioral, cognitive, and the DSM-IV-TR definition which outlines criteria for diagnosis including a strong cross-gender identification from childhood and distress/impairment. Explanations for GID range from repressed psychosexual development to heritable biological traits to learned behaviors that could potentially be unlearned.
Gender identity and sexual orientation chapter 9tmbouvier
This document discusses gender identity and sexual orientation. It defines key terms like gender identity, sexual orientation, transgender, cisgender, and more. It explores how gender identity may differ from biological sex and can be shaped by both nature and nurture. It also addresses obstacles faced by transgender individuals like access to healthcare and discrimination. The document aims to increase understanding of diverse identities and lifestyles.
This document discusses gender identity disorders and provides information on their diagnosis and treatment. It defines gender identity as one's sense of being male or female, and gender dysphoria as discomfort with one's birth sex. The diagnostic criteria include a strong cross-gender identification and discomfort with one's gender role. Treatment for children focuses on social skills, for adolescents on slowing puberty, and for adults on hormonal therapy and potential sex reassignment surgery.
The document summarizes research on sexual addictions and their treatment. It defines various types of sexual addictions, including non-threatening addictions like masturbation and pornography, and threatening addictions involving physical contact without consent. Current effective treatment options discussed include cognitive behavioral therapy, affective neuroscience, EMDR, medication, brief multimodal experiential group therapy, and motivational interviewing. The document recommends future research through comparative studies measuring the effectiveness of these different treatment approaches.
This document discusses sexual dysfunctions categorized by phase of the sexual response cycle. It describes dysfunctions of sexual desire like hypoactive sexual desire disorder and sexual aversion disorder. Dysfunctions of sexual arousal include female sexual arousal disorder and male erectile dysfunction. Orgasmic dysfunctions include premature ejaculation, male orgasmic disorder, and female orgasmic disorder. Sexual pain disorders consist of vaginismus and dyspareunia. The sexual response cycle and various factors contributing to sexual dysfunctions are also outlined.
This document discusses a lecture on gender as a social construct given by Syed Yousaf Shah at the Institute of Nursing at Dow University of Health Sciences. The lecture defines the differences between sex and gender, provides examples of sex and gender characteristics, and discusses how gender roles and status differ across cultures and societies, with a focus on the role and status of women in Pakistani society.
human skills - men vs women, communicationvivek shah
Men and women communicate differently in several ways. Women tend to focus more on relationships, sharing feelings, and finding common experiences when communicating. They also use apologies and compliments to maintain connections and are more emotionally expressive. Men tend to focus more on facts, action, and exchanging information. They are more direct in arguments and conversations while women use questions. Nonverbally, women communicate more through touching, proximity, and facial expressions while men are more straightforward.
This document discusses masculinity and "lad culture" among young men. It begins by defining masculinity and exploring concepts like hegemonic masculinity. It then examines the history and characteristics of "lad culture", including its roots in Paul Willis' study of working class youth in the 1970s and its spread through lads' magazines and social media. The document also looks at expressions of lad culture in high school and university settings and debates both sides of whether lad culture should be curtailed or is a valid way for males to express themselves.
Sexual arousal disorders can cause great torment. Historically, theories of sexual disorders have shifted from psychoanalytic to behavioral to current biopsychosocial models. The human sexual response cycle is typically described as having four phases: desire, excitement, orgasm, and resolution. Neurologically, various brain regions and neurotransmitters like dopamine and nitric oxide are involved in sexual arousal and response.
Child and Adolescent Sexual and Gender Identity Development (UMass Lowell 2...Morganne Ray
This document discusses gender and sexual identity development from infancy through late adolescence. It begins with conversations between a social worker and a small child exploring gender identity. It then introduces the Genderbread model for understanding gender identity, gender expression, sex, and sexual orientation. The rest of the document outlines typical developmental milestones and behaviors regarding gender and sexuality at each life stage from infancy through late adolescence. Interactive exercises are included to help illustrate concepts.
This document discusses sexuality and disabilities, addressing common myths and challenges. It notes that approximately 12.4% of Canadians have a disability. Myths include beliefs that those with disabilities are not sexual or cannot have "real" sex. Children with disabilities often learn of their disability before seeing themselves as sexual. Studies suggest 36-52% of adolescents with physical disabilities in the US have had sexual intercourse. Resources for discussing these topics in the classroom are provided.
The document discusses various ways that societies distinguish members based on gender, age, wealth, religion, and location. It notes that traditional expectations place men in masculine roles as breadwinners and women in feminine roles focused on homekeeping. However, it also discusses how urban environments and increasing women's employment have challenged traditional gender roles. The document examines differences in how men and women are perceived and treated in society and the workplace.
The document summarizes evidence from research on the sexualization of young people. It finds that children and young people are increasingly exposed to sexualized content through various media channels. This exposure can negatively impact their mental and physical health, promote gender stereotypes, and increase the risk of violence in relationships. The document examines how sexualization is portrayed in magazines, advertising, television, movies, music, and social media. It recommends addressing this issue by creating environments where young people feel valued for their character rather than their physical appearance.
This document provides an introduction to concepts related to gender identity, gender expression, and biological sex. It defines these terms and discusses their differences. It also addresses the prevalence of intersex individuals, myths and misconceptions, and theoretical considerations for counselors. Gender identity refers to one's internal gender, gender expression is one's outward presentation, and biological sex refers to physical characteristics. These do not always align. The document aims to educate on this topic which is important for multicultural counseling.
This document discusses gender identity and its development. It defines sex as biological and refers to physical differences, while gender is psychological and relates to one's sense of masculinity or femininity. It explores several theories on how gender roles and identities form, including:
- Biological factors like evolutionary mating strategies
- Kohlberg's cognitive theory of gender constancy in childhood
- Social cognitive theory of learning gender roles through observation and reinforcement
- Gender schema theory of organizing information according to masculine/feminine concepts
- Psychoanalytic theories like Freud's identification theory of gender development through the Oedipus complex.
The document discusses several key physical and psychological differences between men and women. It notes that men and women process and perceive information differently due to differences in brain structure and wiring. Some of the main differences highlighted include: men having thicker retinas tuned to movement detection while women have thinner retinas tuned to color and texture; male infants showing a preference for moving objects while female infants prefer faces; and males tending to use physical aggression while females favor verbal aggression. The document argues these differences evolved to support traditional gender roles in survival and childrearing.
Sexual orientation is defined as an enduring pattern of attraction to persons of the opposite sex, same sex, or both sexes. It is generally categorized into heterosexuality, homosexuality, bisexuality, and asexuality. While homosexuality was previously considered a mental disorder, studies failed to support this view and it was removed from the DSM in 1973. Sexual orientation is now considered to have biological influences and to not be a choice. Discrimination against LGBTQ persons is widely considered unjust.
The document describes the male and female reproductive systems and their functions. It discusses the formation of reproductive organs during embryonic development and the role of hormones like testosterone. Puberty and changes in the reproductive system during this period are also outlined for both males and females. The summary discusses several key points:
1. The male reproductive organs (penis, scrotum, testes) are mostly external while the female organs (vulva, vagina, ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus) are internal.
2. During embryonic development, reproductive structures initially develop the same but later differentiate based on hormone exposure, leading to normal development or abnormalities.
3. Puberty involves reproductive organ growth and hormonal
Gender identity disorder is characterized as a mental disorder where people feel they were assigned the wrong sex at birth. They want to change their primary and secondary sex characteristics and find their genitals repugnant. The document then summarizes six psychological approaches - psychoanalytical, trait, biological, humanistic, behavioral/social learning, and cognitive - used to understand gender identity disorder and their advantages and disadvantages.
Gender Identity Disorder (GID), also known as transsexualism, involves a person feeling extremely uncomfortable with their assigned sex and wishing to be a member of the opposite sex. Various approaches have attempted to explain GID, including psychoanalytic, trait-based, biological, humanistic, behavioral, cognitive, and the DSM-IV-TR definition which outlines criteria for diagnosis including a strong cross-gender identification from childhood and distress/impairment. Explanations for GID range from repressed psychosexual development to heritable biological traits to learned behaviors that could potentially be unlearned.
This document summarizes the symptoms, diagnostic criteria, prevalence, and treatment approaches for gender identity disorder according to the DSM-IV. It describes symptoms in children, adolescents, and adults which include a strong desire to be the opposite sex and discomfort with one's biological sex. Treatment involves psychotherapy, hormone therapy, and potentially sexual reassignment surgery, with the goal of helping individuals live comfortably in their identified gender.
Gender Dysphoria is characterized by a marked incongruence between one's experienced gender and assigned gender. It was formerly called Gender Identity Disorder. The DSM-5 criteria focus on clinically significant distress resulting from this incongruence. Treatment may involve psychotherapy, hormone therapy, surgery, and social gender transition. A multidisciplinary team approach is important. While distressing for affected individuals, gender diversity is a normal variation of human experience, and transitioning improves well-being for many.
This document discusses gender dysphoria and provides instruction for classroom activities on the topic. It begins with defining gender dysphoria as experiencing a mismatch between biological sex and gender identity. Students are asked to complete tasks studying the signs and symptoms of gender dysphoria, biological and psychological explanations, and the biosocial approach. They read a story about Hannah and analyze it from biological and psychological perspectives. Finally, the document previews that after the Easter break students will have an assessment covering all topics studied so far on gender and psychology, and provides revision instructions.
Loving relationships contribute greatly to happiness, and sexuality influences who we fall in love with and mate with. The document discusses three categories of sexual disorders - paraphilias, gender dysphoria, and sexual dysfunctions. Paraphilias involve recurrent sexual fantasies or behaviors involving nonconsenting persons or harm. Gender dysphoria involves discomfort with one's sex. Sexual dysfunctions involve impaired sexual desire, arousal, orgasm or pain. Causes may be biological or psychological and treatments involve counseling, medication or therapy.
This document discusses various psychological disorders involving gender and sexuality. It begins by outlining disorders involving sexual identity and atypical sexual interests or behaviors that cause distress. It then defines key terms such as gender, gender identity, and sex. It proceeds to explain the concepts of gender dysphoria and transgender identity. It also describes sex reassignment surgery and theoretical perspectives on transgender identity development. The document then discusses various sexual dysfunctions involving problems with sexual interest, arousal, orgasm, and pain during intercourse. It outlines psychological, biological, and sociocultural perspectives on the development of sexual dysfunctions.
This document discusses gender identity disorders and gender dysphoria. It defines key terms and describes the prevalence, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment according to the ICD and DSM classification systems. Regarding diagnosis, it outlines the criteria for diagnosing gender dysphoria in children and adolescents/adults in the DSM-5. It also discusses differential diagnosis, biological and psychosocial factors, and treatment approaches including hormone therapy and sex reassignment surgery.
This document discusses gender identity disorders/gender dysphoria. It defines gender dysphoria as distress from a mismatch between biological sex and gender identity. Epidemiology shows prevalence is higher in male-assigned individuals. Etiology may include biological factors like brain organization and genetics. Treatment involves psychotherapy, hormone therapy, and sometimes surgery. Nursing diagnoses for patients include anxiety, stress, and low self-confidence related to their gender identity.
This document provides an overview of sexual disorders presented by Ujjwal Sharma. It classifies sexual disorders into four main types: gender identity disorder, psychological and behavioral disorders associated with sexual development, paraphilias (disorders of sexual preferences), and sexual dysfunction. Potential causes of sexual disorders include physical, hormonal, psychological, and lifestyle factors. Specific disorders like transsexualism, dual-role transvestism, and gender identity disorder of childhood are described. Symptoms and treatment options for sexual dysfunction are outlined. The nurse's role in assessment and management is also discussed.
This document provides a summary of chapter ten from a lecture on gender and sexuality. It covers definitions of key terms like sex, gender, gender roles and identity. It discusses gender stereotypes and differences in personality, cognition, attitudes and behaviors between men and women. It also examines topics like sexual orientation, paraphilias, sexual dysfunction and relationships in older age. The chapter aims to define and explore various aspects of gender and human sexuality.
GENDER DYSPHORIA AND RELATED DISORDERS ACCORDING TO APA(1).pptxChitra654025
This document discusses gender dysphoria in children and adults. It defines the diagnostic criteria for gender dysphoria in the DSM-5. In children, it often involves a strong desire to be the opposite gender or a strong dislike of one's own sexual anatomy. Treatments typically involve psychotherapy to address inner conflicts and improve relations with parents/peers. For most children, gender dysphoria remits by puberty, but some persist into adolescence/adulthood. In adults, transsexualism involves a strong desire to change one's sex, which modern surgery now facilitates, along with hormone treatments.
Gender identity and sexual orientation chapter 9tmbouvier
Gender identity is a person's internal sense of themselves as male, female, or other. It may not align with their physical sex. Gender identity is influenced by hormones and social/cultural factors. Sexual orientation describes who one is emotionally, romantically, and sexually attracted to. Terms like transgender, cisgender, bisexual and lesbian are used to describe identities. Coming out is accepting and sharing one's identity with others.
This document discusses sexual disorders and dysfunctions. It defines sexuality and sexual disorders, and outlines the classification of gender identity disorders, disorders of sexual preference, and psychological disorders associated with sexual development in the ICD-10. Key topics covered include transsexualism, gender identity disorder in childhood, dual-role transvestism, paraphilias such as fetishism and voyeurism, and sexual dysfunctions involving low sexual desire. Treatment options for various conditions are also mentioned such as counseling, sex reassignment surgery, hormone therapy, and psychotherapy.
Gender identity and sexual orientation chapter 9tmbouvier
This document discusses gender identity and sexual orientation. It defines key terms like gender identity, transgender, cisgender, sexual orientation, gay, lesbian, bisexual and provides explanations of gender identities and sexual orientations. It discusses the challenges transgender individuals face, such as establishing their gender identity, social and medical transitions, and discrimination. It also outlines special health considerations for lesbian, bisexual and transgender individuals. The document promotes inclusion and combating homophobia and transphobia through advocacy and education.
Gender identity and sexual orientation chapter 9tmbouvier
This document discusses gender identity and sexual orientation. It defines key terms like gender identity, sexual orientation, and various gender identities. It explores how gender identity may differ from biological sex and can be shaped by both nature and nurture. It also examines sexual orientations like bisexuality and the challenges lesbian and bisexual women face. The document outlines the experiences of transgender individuals and obstacles they face accessing healthcare and dealing with discrimination. It emphasizes the need to counter homophobia, heterosexism, and transphobia through advocacy and policy change.
Gender identity and sexual orientation chapter 9tmbouvier
Gender identity refers to a person's internal sense of gender, which may or may not align with their sex assigned at birth. It is influenced by both biological and sociocultural factors. Sexual orientation describes a person's romantic and sexual attraction to others, and terms like gay, lesbian, bisexual are used. Both gender identity and sexual orientation exist on spectrums, and people face challenges with discrimination, health issues, and coming out to others.
Sexual disorders can take many forms and have various underlying causes. They are broadly classified into four categories: gender identity disorders, paraphilias, psychopathological disorders of sexual development/maturation, and sexual dysfunctions. Common types of sexual disorders include lack of sexual desire, difficulties achieving or maintaining arousal/erection, premature ejaculation, and pain during sex. Factors contributing to sexual disorders can be physical, psychological, or social in nature. Treatment depends on the specific disorder but may involve counseling, therapy, or medication.
This document discusses gender dysphoria, which refers to distress from incongruence between assigned gender and gender identity. It describes signs of gender dysphoria in children, adolescents, and adults. Common signs include preference for toys and activities stereotypical of the identified gender. Biological factors like genetics and prenatal hormone exposure may contribute to gender dysphoria. Treatments include psychotherapy, hormone therapy, and sexual reassignment surgery to help alleviate dysphoria.
Sexual dysfunction or sexual malfunction is difficulty experienced by an individual or a couple during any stage of a normal sexual activity, including physical pleasure, desire, preference, arousal or orgasm.It requires a person to feel extreme distress and interpersonal strain for a minimum of 6 months.
This document defines key terms related to gender and sexuality such as sex, gender, gender roles, and sexual orientation. It discusses research on gender differences in personality, cognitive abilities, and sexual attitudes/behaviors. Gender role development begins at a young age through social learning and reinforcement of gender schemas. Sexual orientation is influenced by genetics and brain structure. Sexual behaviors and dysfunctions are also examined, along with prevention of sexually transmitted diseases.
Gender dysphoria refers to distress from incongruence between experienced gender and assigned gender. The document outlines diagnostic criteria for gender dysphoria in children, adolescents, and adults as defined in the DSM-5. It discusses development and course of gender dysphoria at different ages, prevalence differences between sexes, and comorbidity with other mental health issues commonly seen in clinically referred children with gender dysphoria.
This document discusses various topics related to human sexuality, including:
- The stages of sexual development across the lifespan from infancy to older adulthood.
- Factors that influence sexuality like culture, relationships, and personal experiences.
- Different sexual orientations and what they entail.
- Maintaining overall sexual health.
- Common issues related to sexuality like sexual dysfunction, STIs, and unwanted pregnancy.
Pitch
Resonance
Rate
Intensity
Quality
The document discusses gender dysphoria and transsexualism. It defines key terms like gender identity disorder and outlines the diagnostic criteria from the DSM-IV and ICD-10. It then discusses the different types of transsexuals, prevalence rates around the world, and proposed biological and psychological causes. The path to transition is described including counseling, real life experience, hormone therapy, and various surgical procedures. Assessment and treatment of voice in male-to-female transsexuals pre and post hormones is the focus of the presentation.
This presentation is about the dilemma people face about transsexuality. The factors considered like pros and cons, and society\'s acceptance. A conclusion was made after looking at the issue from the 5 different ethical approaches.
4. Definitions
•Sex
It refers to a person’s biological
status & is typically categorized as
male, female, or intersex (i.e.,
atypical combinations of features
that usually distinguish male from
female). There are a number of
indicators of biological sex, including
sex chromosomes, gonads, internal
reproductive organs, and external
5. Definitions
•Gender Stereotypes or Gender
Role:
A gender stereotype is a fixed,
conventional idea about how man
and woman are supposed to behave.
Cultural beliefs about men and
women involve clusters of
stereotypes called gender roles.
6. Definitions
•Gender
It refers to the attitudes, feelings, and
behaviors that a given culture
associates with a person’s biological
sex. Behavior that is compatible with
cultural expectations is referred to as
gender-normative; behaviors that are
viewed as incompatible with these
expectations constitute gender non-
conformity.
7. Definitions
•Gender Identity
Gender identity is a category of
social identity and refers to an
individual's identification as male,
female, or, occasionally, some
category other than male or female
8. Definitions
•Gender Expression
It refers to the way in which a
person acts to communicate gender
within a given culture; for example, in
terms of clothing, communication
patterns and interests.
A person’s gender expression may or
may not be consistent with socially
stereotyped gender roles, and may
or may not reflect his or her gender
12. Definitions
•Gender Dysphoria
Gender dysphoria as a general
descriptive term refers to an
individual's affective/ cognitive
discontent with the assigned gender
which may accompany the
incongruence between one's
experienced or expressed gender
and one's assigned gender.
14. Definitions
•Transexual:
Transsexual denotes an individual
who seeks, or has undergone, a
social transition from male to female
or female to male, which in many, but
not all, cases also involves a somatic
transition by cross-sex hormone
treatment and genital surgery (sex
reassignment surgery).
15. • For natal adult males, prevalence
ranges from 0.005% to 0.014%.
• For natal adult females, prevalence
ranges from 0.002% to 0.003%.
• 01 in 30’000 adult male and 01 in
100’000 adult female is gender
dysphoric.
Epidemiology
16. A Gender dysphoric is a male or female who has
a lifelong feeling of being trapped in the wrong
body. (Docter,1988)
There are four dimensions of gender dysphoria in
natal male identified as:
1. aversion of being a man
2. desire to be a woman
3. feeling not to be a man
4. feeling to be a woman.
The former is associated with well being and
suicide.(Coleman,1992)
17. It is not bound to a stable or unstable personality
It can occur at every age, with a peak between 20
and 30 years.
It is not culturally defined(it appears in every
sociaty and it is spread over every lawyer of the
population)
It is not bound to certain Intelligence.
(Winter,2002)
19. A. A marked incongruence between one’s experienced/expressed
gender and assigned gender, of at least 6 months’ duration, as
manifested by at least six of the following (one of which must be
Criterion A1):
• A strong desire to be of the other gender or an insistence that one
is the other gender (or some alternative gender different from
one’s assigned gender).
• In boys (assigned gender), a strong preference for cross-dressing
or simulating female attire: or in girls (assigned gender), a strong
preference for wearing only typical masculine clothing and a
strong resistance to the wearing of typical feminine clothing.
Diagnostic Features in
Children
20. • A strong preference for cross-gender roles in make-believe play
or fantasy play.
• A strong preference for the toys, games, or activities
stereotypically used or engaged in by the other gender.
• A strong preference for playmates of the other gender.
• In boys (assigned gender), a strong rejection of typically
masculine toys, games, and activities and a strong avoidance of
rough-and-tumble play; or in girls (assigned gender), a strong
rejection of typically feminine toys, games, and activities.
Diagnostic Features in
Children
21. • A strong dislike of one’s sexual anatomy.
• A strong desire for the primary and/or secondary sex
characteristics that match one’s experienced gender.
B. The condition is associated with clinically significant distress or
impairment in social, school, or other important areas of
functioning.
Specify if:
With a disorder of sex development
Diagnostic Features in
Children
22. A. A marked incongruence between one’s experienced/expressed
gender and assigned gender, of at least 6 months’ duration, as
manifested by at least two of the following:
• A marked incongruence between one’s experienced/expressed
gender and primary and/or secondary sex characteristics (or
in young adolescents, the anticipated secondary sex
characteristics).
• 2. A strong desire to be rid of one’s primary and/or secondary
sex characteristics because of a marked incongruence with
one’s experienced/expressed gender (or in young
adolescents, a desire to prevent the development of the
Diagnostic Features in
Adolescents and adults
23. •A strong desire for the primary and/or secondary sex
characteristics of the other gender.
•A strong desire to be of the other gender (or some alternative
gender different from one’s assigned gender).
•A strong desire to be treated as the other gender (or some
alternative gender different from one’s assigned gender).
•A strong conviction that one has the typical feelings and
reactions of the other gender (or some alternative gender
different from one’s assigned gender)
Diagnostic Features in
Adolescents and adults
24. B. The condition is associated with clinically significant
distress or impairment in social, occupational or other
important areas of functioning.
Specify if:
With a disorder of sex development
Specify if:
Post Transition
Diagnostic Features in
Adolescents and adults
25. •When visible signs of puberty develop, natal boys may shave their legs at
the first signs of hair growth.
•They sometimes bind their genitals to make erections less visible.
•Girls may bind their breasts, walk with a stoop, or use loose sweaters to
make breasts less visible
•Non clinically referred adolescents request, or may obtain without medical
prescription and supervision, hormonal suppressors.
• Clinically referred adolescents often want hormone treatment and many
also wish for gender reassignment surgery.
• Adolescents living in an accepting environment may openly express the
desire to be and be treated as the experienced gender and dress partly or
completely as the experienced gender
Associated Features
26. • For clinic-referred children, ONSET of cross-
gender behaviors is usually between ages 2 and
4 years. This corresponds to the developmental
time period in which most typically developing
children begin expressing gendered behaviors
and interests.
Development and
Course
27. • Rates of PERSISTENCE of gender dysphoria
from childhood into adolescence or adulthood
vary.
1. In natal males, persistence has ranged from 2.2%
to 30%.
2. In natal females, persistence has ranged from
12% to 50%.
• For both natal male and female children showing
Development and
Course
28. •For natal male children without persistence, 63% to
100% self-identify themselves as homosexual.
•For natal female children without persistence, 32%
to 50% self-identify themselves as homosexual.
Development and
Course
29. In both adolescent and adult natal males, there
are two broad trajectories for development of
gender dysphoria:
1. Early Onset Gender Dysphoria
2. Late Onset Gender Dysphoria
Development and
Course
30. Early Onset Gender Dysphoria:
•It starts in childhood and continues into adolescence
and adulthood or there is an intermittent period in
which the gender dysphoria desists and these
individuals self-identify as gay or homosexual, followed
by recurrence of gender dysphoria.
•They almost always self identity themselves as
homosexual.
•They seek out clinical care for hormone treatment or
Development and
Course
31. Late Onset Gender Dysphoria:
• Late-onset gender dysphoria occurs around puberty or much
later in life
• Adolescents and adults with late-onset gender dysphoria
frequently engage in transvestic behavior with sexual
excitement.
•The majority of these individuals are gynephilic or sexually
attracted to other posttransition natal males.
• A substantial percentage of adult males with late-onset gender
dysphoria cohabit with or are married to natal females. After
gender transition, many self-identify as lesbian.
•They seem to be less likely satisfied after gender reassignment
Development and
Course
32. • Interference with daily activities.
•Failure to develop same-sex peer relationship and
skills
•Social Isolation and Distress
•Stigmatization, discrimination and victimization
•School drop out
•Economic marginalization
•Low self esteem, self doubts
•Increasing Psychiatric co-morbidities
Functional
Consequences
33. •Anxiety Disorders
•Disruptive & Impulse control Disorders
•Depression Disorder
•Personality Disorders esp. cluster B.
•Substance related Disorder
•Psychotic Disorder & Eating Disorder
•Increased Risk of Suicide
Comorbidity
34. •Nonconformity to Gender roles
•Transvestic Fetishism
•Body Dysmorphic Disorder
•Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic
Disorders
Differential Diagnosis
35. Management
Standards of care are
determined by the World
Professional Association
for Transgender Health
(WPATH).
36. I. Psychotherapy
Psychotherapy is often given before SRS but is not required.
Your role in treating patients with GID goes beyond making an accurate
diagnosis, identifying comorbid psychopathology, and instituting a
treatment plan.
Other tasks include:
•counseling the patient about the range of treatment options and their
implications
•engaging in psychotherapy
•ascertaining eligibility and readiness for hormones and surgical therapy
•making formal recommendations to medical and surgical colleagues
•documenting the patient’s relevant history in a letter of
37. Triadic therapy for appropriately screened adults
with severe Gender Dysphoria include:
• 3-phase approach centered around reallife
experience in the desired role
•Hormones of the desired gender
•Surgery to change the genitalia and secondary
sex characteristics.
I. Psychotherapy
38. Eligibility Criteria Set by WPATH
1. Patient is at least age 18.
2. Patient understands what hormones medically can and cannot do
and their social benefits and risks
3. Patients has had either:
• Documented real-life experience of 3 months before the
administration of hormones; or
• b. Psychotherapy after initial evaluation of a duration specified by
the mental health professional (usually 3 months
II. Hormone Replacement
Therapy
39. Readiness Criteria set by WPATH
1. Patient has had further consolidation of gender
identity during the real-life experience or
psychotherapy
2. Patient has made some progress mastering other
identified problems leading to improving or
continuing stable mental health (this implies
satisfactory control of problems such as sociopathy,
substance abuse, psychosis, and suicidality.
II. Hormone Replacement
Therapy
40. •Male to female transexuals use estrogen
(conjugated, oral or transdermal) ,progesterone and
spironolactone.
•Female to male transexuals use testesterone(IM or
transdermal)
II. Hormone Replacement
Therapy
41. •USA after Thailand is the heart of SRS.
•WPATH recommends SRS as an
effective treatment for severe gender
dysphoria.
III. Sex Reassignment Surgery