Importance of Sexual Health and Knowing one's own sexuality

1. SEXUALITY AND
SEXUAL HEALTH
PRESENTED BY
LAMNUNNEM HAOKIP
MSC (N) 1ST YEAR
SNSR, SU
UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF
REKHA MA’AM
HOD (OBG)

2. REPRODUCTIVE
PARTS OF
FEMALE AND
MALE

3. INTRODUCTION
Sexuality is not just about “sex” and certain body
parts that are associated with males and females.
Sexuality includes sexual orientation, such as
which a person is attracted to and whether the
person is identified as heterosexual, homosexual
or bisexual, as well as their sexual fantasies and
attitudes and values related to sex.

4. Sexual health is not just limited to the absence of
disease or dysfunction of disease during
reproductive years, it impacts on sexual practice
and actions and must be practiced free from
sexual abuse, or discrimination and requires
integration into whole life cycle.

5. DEFINITION
Sexuality: It is the sum total of one’s
sexual feeling, behaviour, gender
consciousness and sexual nature.
Sexual health: According to WHO,
Sexual health is the integration of the
somatic, emotional, intellectual and
social aspects of sexual being in ways
that are positively enriching and that
enhance personality, communication
and love.

6. SEXUALITY
 Human sexuality is the way people
experienced and express themselves sexually.
 It is an important part of who you are.
 Sexuality is not about whom you have sex
with, or how often you have it. Sexuality is
about your sexual feelings, thoughts,
attractions and behaviours towards other
people

7. TYPES OF SEXUALITY
SEXUALITY
HETEROSEXUAL
HOMOSEXUAL
BISEXUAL
ASEXUAL

8. HETEROSEXUAL
Most people are attracted to the opposite sex –
boys who like girls, and women who like men, for
example. These people are heterosexual, or
‘straight’.
HOMOSEXUAL
Peoples who are attracted with the same sex.
Lesbian and Gay.

9. BISEXUAL
Sexuality can be more complicated
than being straight or gay. Some people
are attracted to both men and women,
and are known as bisexual.
ASEXUAL
Asexuality is a sexual orientation, like
homosexuality or
heterosexuality. Some people may
strongly identify with being asexual,
except for a few infrequent experiences
of sexual attraction (grey-asexuality).

10. RIGHTS TO SEXUALITY
The rights to equality and non-discrimination
The right to be free from torture or to cruel,
inhumane or degrading treatment or punishment
The right to privacy
The rights to the highest attainable standard of
health (including sexual health)
The right to decide the number and spacing of
one’s children

11.  The rights to information and education
 The rights to freedom of opinion and
expression.
 The right to an effective remedy for violations of
fundamental rights.
 The right to marry and to found a family and
enter into marriage with free and full consent of
the intending spouses, and to equality in and at
the dissolution of marriage

12. STATE LAW
 The states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala were the
first Indian states to introduce a transgender
welfare policy.
 In October 2017, the Karnataka Government
issued the "State Policy for Transgender,
2017", with the aim of raising awareness of
transgender people within all educational
institutions in the state.
 In April 2017, the Ministry of Drinking Water
and Sanitation instructed states to allow
transgender people to use the public toilet of
their choice.

13. FACTORS THAT AFFECTS ONE’S ATTITUDES
TOWARDS SEXUALITY AND SEXUAL
BEHAVIOUR
RELIGION
MULTICULTURALISM
SOCIO-ECONOMIC
STATUS
MEDIA

14. SEXUALITY AND MENTAL HEALTH
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender peoples have
an increased risk of depression, anxiety,
substance abuse, homelessness; self-harming and
suicidal thoughts compared with general
population.

15. Some of the stressful experiences that can affect
the mental health of this peoples are:
 Feeling different from others.
 Being bullied (verbally or physically).
 Feeling pressure to deny or change their
sexuality.
 Feeling worried about coming out and then
being rejected or isolated.
 Feeling unsupported or misunderstood.

16. STAGES OF SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT AND
CHARACTERISTICS
Infancy ( birth -12 months)
 External genitals are sensitive to touch.
 Male infants have penile erections, females’
vaginal lubrication.
Toddler ( 1-3 years)
 Continues to develop gender identity.
 Able to identify own gender.

17. Pre-schooler ( 4-5 years)
 Becomes increasingly aware of self.
 Explores own and playmates body parts.
 Learns correct names for body parts.
 Learns to control feelings and behaviour.
School age ( 6-12 years)
 Tends to have friends of same gender.
 Increased modesty, desire for privacy.
 Continues self-stimulating behaviour.
 Learn the role and concepts of own gender as a
part of the total self-concept.

18. Adolescence (12-24 years)
 Primary and secondary sex characteristics appears.
 Menarche usually takes place.
 Develop relationship with interested partners.
 Masturbation is common.
 May participate in sexual activity.
Young adulthood (25-40 years)
 Intimate relations develop
 Sexual activity common
 Establish own lifestyles and values
 Many couples share financial obligations and
household task.

19. Middle adulthood(40-65 years)
 Men and women experience decreased hormone
production.
 The menopause occurs in women usually
anywhere.
 Diminished vaginal lubrications and decreased
vaginal elasticity leads to dyspareunia
 The climatic occurs gradually in men
 Individuals establish independent moral and ethical
standards.
Late adulthood (65 years and over)
 Sexual activity may be less frequent.

20. STAGES OF SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT –
SIGMUND FREUD
According to Sigmund Freud, there are five stages
of sexual development, they are mentioned
below:
ORAL STAGE
LATENCY STAGE
ANAL STAGE
PUBESCENT
STAGE
PHALLIC STAGE

21. SEXUAL HEALTH
According to WHO, Sexual health is the
integration of the somatic, emotional, intellectual
and social aspects of sexual being in ways that are
positively enriching and that enhance personality,
communication and love.

22. COMPONENTS OF SEXUAL
HEALTH
Self-concept
Body image
Gender identity
Sexual Orientation

23. CHARACTERISTICS OF SEXUALLY
HEALTHY PERSON
 Fully knowledge about sexuality and sexual
behaviour.
 Will have positive attitudes towards body
image.
 Ability to express one’s full sexual potential.
 Ability to make autonomous decisions about
one’s sexual life.
 Capability to express sexuality.

24.  Right to make free and responsible
reproductive choices.
 Ability to access sexual healthcare
 Maintain balance between life style and sexual
behaviour
 Capacity to develop effective interpersonal
relations with both sexes.

25. TYPES OF SEXUAL DISORDERS
MALE
 Premature ejaculation
 Erectile dysfunction
 Retarded ejaculation
 Inhibited sexual desire.
FEMALE
 Decreased sexual stimulation
 Vagisnismus
 Dyspareunia

26. FACTORS AFFECTING SEXUAL HEALTH
1. BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
2. PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS
3. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
4. HORMONE / GENETIC FACTORS
5. SEXUAL HEALTH HISTORY
6. MEDICATIONS
7. STRESS

27. Biological factors:
Congenital abnormalities.
Old age and sickness
Injuries
Less secretion of hormones or reasons related to
endocrine glands.
Psychological factors:
Disturbance in family relationships and Incomplete
sexual knowledge
Tension and pressure ,Death of beloved ones.
Wrong notions and superstitions regarding sexual
relationships.

28. Environmental factors:
 Change in lifestyle.
 Lack of poor place and privacy
 Incidents in life.
Hormone/genetic factors:
 Can effect sperm quality
 Production and ovulation
 Congenital factors may impede ability to conceive.
Sexual health history:
 Lack of understanding of one’s own reproductive
biology.
 Multiple sexual partners
 Infectious disease.

29. Medications:
 Viagra (sildenafil) increased erectile functions in
males.
 Anti-anxiety drugs decrease orgasmic dysfunction
in women and delayed ejaculation.
 Alcohol, use in moderate amount will increase
sexual functioning and if in chronic use it
decrease sexual desire and impotence.
Stress:
 Depression
 Physical stress like muscle tension, lack of
energy.

30. IMPORTANCE OF SEXUAL HEALTH
EDUCATION
Respect of opposite
gender
Understand about one’s
body functions
Sex related crimes and
rape will be reduced
Sexually transmitted
disease will decrease
To prevent from
unwanted pregnancy

31. TO BE SEXUALLY HEALTHY :
EDUCATION
SAFETY
COMMUNICATION

32. RESEARCH STUDY
Is Sexual Orientation Related to Mental Health
Problems and Suicidality in Young People
This study examines the extent to which gay, lesbian, and
bisexual young people are at increased risk of psychiatric
disorder and suicidal behaviors using data gathered on a New
Zealand birth cohort studied to age 21 years.
The study concludes that: Findings support recent evidence
suggesting that gay, lesbian, and bisexual young people are at
increased risk of mental health problems, with these
associations being particularly evident for measures of suicidal
behavior and multiple disorder.

33. 2
Sexual Knowledge, Sexual Attitudes, and
Perceptions and Actualities of Sex Education among
Elementary School Parents.
Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing
Hyewon Shin, Jung Min Lee, Ji Young Min
This study was conducted to understand sexual
knowledge, sexual attitudes, and the perceptions and
actualities of sex education among parents of
elementary school children.

34. Result
 More than 50% of the participants responded that
primary sex education for young children should be
the responsibility of the parents and that
education should be stared during the elementary
school period. A moderate correlation was found
between parents’ sexual knowledge and sexual
attitudes.
 Most parents were afraid to provide sex education
because of their unfamiliarity with teaching
methods and their lack of knowledge. However, 50
of the parents wanted to receive sex-related
education.

35. 3
A study to assess the knowledge about sexual
health among male students of junior colleges
of an urban area.
Jayant Ramchandra Kalkute, Udaykumar Bhaskar
Chitnis, Megha Sunil Mamulwar,
Jitendra Shyamsundar Bhawalkar, Anjali Babru
Dhone, Archana Chandrakant Pandage
The aim was to assess the knowledge about sexual
health among male students of junior colleges of an
urban area and to evaluate the change in their
knowledge after imparting sexual health education.

36. Results:
Science students had “adequate” knowledge about
sexual health when compared to arts and
commerce students. Students whose parents were
unskilled and semiskilled by occupation had
“inadequate” knowledge about sexual health when
compared with students whose parents were
skilled by occupation.

38. BIBLIOGRAPHY / REFERENCE
Navdeep Kaur Brar. HC Rawat, Textbook of
Advance Nursing Practice. Jaypee Brothers
Medical Publisher. pp 846 – 864.
Education and treatment in human sexuality: the
training of health professionals. Geneva: World
Health Organization; 1975
http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/38247/
1/WHO_TRS_572_eng.pdf,
https://www.pandiahealth.com/resources/guide-
to-sexual-health/
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/typ
es-of-sexuality#types

39.  LGBT rights in India – Wikipedia
 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychi
atry/fullarticle/205418
 https://www.e-
chnr.org/m/journal/view.php?doi=10.4094/ch
nr.2019.25.3.312
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/27
2893782_A_study_to_assess_the_knowledge_
about_sexual_health_among_male_students_
of_junior_colleges_of_an_urban_area